MySQL主从配置
MySQL主从介绍
- MySQL主从又叫作Replication、AB复制。简单讲就是A和B两台机器作主从后，在A上写数据，另一台B也会跟着写数据，二者数据实时同步的。
- MySQL主从是基于binlog的，主上须开启binlog才能进行主从。
- 主从过程大体有3个步骤:
- 主将更改操做记录到binlog里;
- 从将主的binlog事件(sql语句)同步到从本机上并记录在relaylog里;
- 从根据relaylog里面的sql语句按顺序执行;
- 主上有一个log dump线程，用来和从的I/O线程传递binlog;
- 从上有两个线程，其中I/O线程用来同步主的binlog并生成relaylog，另一个SQL线程用来把relaylog里面的sql语句落地;
准备工做
1. 准备AB两台机器都安装好mysql，mysql安装详情请查看以下连接。
https://blog.51cto.com/taoxie/2050826mysql
配置主 （A机器）
1.修改my.cnf配置文件
[root@gary-tao mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf 增长配置内容： server-id=100 log_bin=aminglinux1 [root@gary-tao mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart //更改完配置重启mysql Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS! Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! [root@gary-tao mysql]# cd /data/mysql/ [root@gary-tao mysql]# ls -lt //重启完成后目录下有生成新的文件 总用量 110648 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 1月 19 19:44 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 1月 19 19:44 ibdata1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 24867 1月 19 19:44 gary-tao.err -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 6 1月 19 19:44 gary-tao.pid -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 120 1月 19 19:44 aminglinux1.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 21 1月 19 19:44 aminglinux1.index drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 324 1月 18 13:42 zrlog drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 1月 15 19:25 mysql2 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 56 12月 27 19:40 auto.cnf drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 12月 27 19:32 mysql drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 12月 27 19:32 performance_schema -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 12月 27 19:32 ib_logfile1 drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 6 12月 27 19:32 test
修改配置示例图linux
2.准备一个数据库作演示使用
[root@gary-tao mysql]# mysqldump -uroot -pszyino-123 zrlog > /tmp/zrlog.sql //备份以前旧的数据库zrlog Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@gary-tao mysql]# du -sh /tmp/zrlog.sql //查看数据库大小 12K /tmp/zrlog.sql [root@gary-tao mysql]# mysql -uroot -pszyino-123 -e "create database aming" //建立一个新的数据库 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@gary-tao mysql]# mysql -uroot -pszyino-123 aming < /tmp/zrlog.sql //恢复以前备份的zrlog库 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@gary-tao mysql]# ls -lt 总用量 225344 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 1月 19 20:45 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 79691776 1月 19 20:45 ibdata1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 12097 1月 19 20:45 aminglinux1.000001 drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 324 1月 19 20:45 aming -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 24867 1月 19 19:44 gary-tao.err -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 6 1月 19 19:44 gary-tao.pid -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 21 1月 19 19:44 aminglinux1.index drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 324 1月 18 13:42 zrlog drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 1月 15 19:25 mysql2 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 56 12月 27 19:40 auto.cnf drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 12月 27 19:32 mysql drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 12月 27 19:32 performance_schema -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 12月 27 19:32 ib_logfile1 drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 6 12月 27 19:32 test
3.建立用做主从相互同步数据的用户
[root@gary-tao mysql]# mysql -uroot -pszyino-123 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1535 Server version: 5.6.35-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'172.16.111.110' identified by 'szyino-123'; //建立同步帐户 #这里的repl是为从（slave）端设置的访问主（master）端的用户，也就是要完成主从复制的用户，密码为szyino-123，这里的127.16.111.110为slave（从）的ip。 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> flush tables with read lock; //锁定数据库写操做 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> show master status; //查看master的状态，这些数据是要记录的，一会在slave端用到。 +--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | aminglinux1.000001 | 12777 | | | | +--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye [root@gary-tao mysql]# ls //为了更加与生产环境同样，把全部的库都作一个备份，包括aming\mysql2\zrlog,mysql库不须要同步。 aming aminglinux1.index gary-tao.err ibdata1 ib_logfile1 mysql2 test aminglinux1.000001 auto.cnf gary-tao.pid ib_logfile0 mysql performance_schema zrlog [root@gary-tao mysql]# ls /tmp/zrlog.sql /tmp/zrlog.sql [root@gary-tao mysql]# mysqldump -uroot -pszyino-123 mysql2 > /tmp/my2.sql Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@gary-tao mysql]# ls /tmp/*sql /tmp/my2.sql /tmp/zrlog.sql
配置从（B机器）
1.修改slave的配置文件my.cnf
[root@gary mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf 增长配置以下内容： server-id=110 //设置成和master（主）不同的数字，若同样会致使后面的操做不成功 [root@gary mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart //重启MysqL Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
修改配置示例图web
2.把主上库同步到从上
[root@gary mysql]# scp 172.16.111.100:/tmp/*.sql /tmp/ The authenticity of host '172.16.111.100 (172.16.111.100)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is 89:19:99:8c:63:ff:d9:e6:19:0d:81:03:27:54:49:78. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '172.16.111.100' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. root@172.16.111.100's password: Permission denied, please try again. root@172.16.111.100's password: my2.sql 100% 638KB 637.7KB/s 00:00 zrlog.sql [root@gary ~]# mysql -uroot -bash: mysql: 未找到命令 [root@gary ~]# alias 'mysql=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql' [root@gary ~]# alias 'mysqldump=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump' [root@gary ~]# mysql -uroot Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> create database aming; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> create database zrlog; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> create database mysql2; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye
3.恢复数据
[root@gary mysql]# mysql -uroot zrlog < /tmp/zrlog.sql [root@gary mysql]# mysql -uroot aming < /tmp/zrlog.sql [root@gary mysql]# mysql -uroot mysql2 < /tmp/my2.sql
4.实现主从
[root@gary mysql]# mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> change master to master_host='172.16.111.100', master_user='repl', master_password='szyino-123', master_log_file='aminglinux1.000001', master_log_pos=12777;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)
#解释说明：
change master这个命令是一条，打完逗号后能够按回车，直到你打分号才算结束，其中，master_log_file和master_log_pos是在前面使用show master status命令查到的数据。
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G //查看主从是否配置成功
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.16.111.100
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: aminglinux1.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 12777
Relay_Log_File: gary-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 285
Relay_Master_Log_File: aminglinux1.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 12777
Relay_Log_Space: 457
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 100
Master_UUID: ccffc787-eafa-11e7-9474-000c2909e558
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#解释说明：
看是否有,两个Yes说明配置成功。
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
还需关注
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 //为主从延迟的时间
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
若是主从不正常了，须要看这里的error信息。
配置成功示例图：sql
5.到主上机器开启数据库写操做
[root@gary-tao mysql]# mysql -uroot -pszyino-123 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2407 Server version: 5.6.35-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> unlock tables; //执行开启数据写操做命令 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
测试主从同步
1.说明几个配置参数
主服务器上，这两个参数用一个就能够了。 binlog-do-db= //定义须要同步指定的库，多个库用英文的逗号分隔。 binlog-ignore-db= //定义不须要同步的库。 从服务器上 replicate_do_db= //定义须要同步指定的库，多个库用英文的逗号分隔 replicate_ignore_db= //定义不须要同步的库。 replicate_do_table= //定义须要同步的表 replicate_ignore_table= //定义不须要同步的表 replicate_wild_do_table= //如aming库.%, 支持通配符%（主要使用） replicate_wild_ignore_table=
2.测试主从同步
[root@gary-tao mysql]# mysql -uroot -pszyino-123 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2407 Server version: 5.6.35-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> unlock tables; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> use aming; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show tables; +-----------------+ | Tables_in_aming | +-----------------+ | comment | | link | | log | | lognav | | plugin | | tag | | type | | user | | website | +-----------------+ 9 rows in set (0.00 sec) //进入主上查看website表行数 mysql> select count(*) website; +---------+ | website | +---------+ | 1 | +---------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> truncate table website; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) //进入从上查看user表行数 mysql> use aming; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> select count(*) website; +---------+ | website | +---------+ | 1 | +---------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) //清空主上的website表内容 mysql> truncate table website; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) //再次查看主上wedsite表虽然显示一行，可是内容已为空。 mysql> select count(*) website; +---------+ | website | +---------+ | 1 | +---------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from website; Empty set (0.00 sec) //查看从上的wedsite内容已为空。 mysql> select count(*) from website; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 0 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) //在主上删除website这个表 mysql> drop table website; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) //在从上查看websitep这个表已被删除 mysql> select * from webiste; ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'aming.webiste' doesn't exist
注意：若是不当心在从上删除了表，你再次打开查看主从配置时，发现报错了，以下：
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.16.111.100
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: aminglinux1.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 12997
Relay_Log_File: gary-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 383
Relay_Master_Log_File: aminglinux1.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: No //这里变NO了
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 1051
Last_Error: Error 'Unknown table 'aming.website'' on query. Default database: 'aming'. Query: 'DROP TABLE `website` /* generated by server */'
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 12875
Relay_Log_Space: 677
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 1051
Last_SQL_Error: Error 'Unknown table 'aming.website'' on query. Default database: 'aming'. Query: 'DROP TABLE `website` /* generated by server */'
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 100
Master_UUID: ccffc787-eafa-11e7-9474-000c2909e558
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State:
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 180123 15:28:37
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
若是出现了这个状况只能从新作主从：数据库
主上操做查看master:bash
mysql> show master status; +--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | aminglinux1.000001 | 12997 | | | | +--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
从上配置change master重作主从（为何能够直接作主从，由于数据仍是一致的，没有作其它的操做）服务器
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
//除了最后面数字须要更改，其它参数都同样。
mysql> change master to master_host='172.16.111.100', master_user='repl', master_password='szyino-123', master_log_file='aminglinux1.000001', master_log_pos=12997;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.16.111.100
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: aminglinux1.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 12997
Relay_Log_File: gary-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 285
Relay_Master_Log_File: aminglinux1.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 12997
Relay_Log_Space: 457
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 100
Master_UUID: ccffc787-eafa-11e7-9474-000c2909e558
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
备注：若是在数据不一致的状况下，须要从新同步数据，而后在作change master操做。
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