硬盘寿命检测_如何延长硬盘寿命

硬盘寿命检测

In this guide we will show you how to get the most life possible out of your hard drive.  All hard drives will inevitably go bad; we have seen them last for 10+ years and we have seen them dead on arrival. So, what factors play into the life of a hard drive?  Read on to find out…

在本指南中，我们将向您展示如何充分利用硬盘驱动器。 所有硬盘驱动器不可避免地会变坏； 我们已经看到它们持续了10多年，并且已经看到它们在抵达时死亡。 那么，哪些因素会影响硬盘的使用寿命？ 请仔细阅读，找出答案…

最常见的原因 (The Most Common Causes)

Other than simply getting lucky with the hard drive you order, the most commonly accepted causes for early hard drive failure are heat and physical trauma. These two factors are particularly hard to mitigate in laptops, but following these guidelines will help you get some extra life out of your hard drive.

除了简单地获得订购的硬盘驱动器之外，最常见的导致硬盘驱动器早期故障的原因还包括热量和身体伤害。 在笔记本电脑中，这两个因素尤其难以缓解，但是遵循这些准则将帮助您延长硬盘的使用寿命。

Desktop cooling: Installing fans in your desktop computer is relatively simple and can vastly improve the longevity of your hard drives (as well as every other component in your system). Be sure that the air coming into your system has an easy escape route as well. The longer it lingers in there, the less efficient your system is at keeping itself cool. Nearly all custom PC cases come with spare fan slots in the front of the case, right in front of the hard drive slots. Be sure to maximize your hardware’s life by utilizing these fan slots so cool air can enter the system constantly.

台式机散热 ：在台式机中安装风扇相对简单，可以大大提高硬盘驱动器(以及系统中的所有其他组件)的使用寿命。 确保进入系统的空气也具有轻松的逃生路线。 它在其中停留的时间越长，系统保持凉爽的效率就越低。 几乎所有定制PC机箱的正面都在硬盘驱动器插槽的前面，带有备用风扇插槽。 确保通过利用这些风扇插槽来最大程度地延长硬件的使用寿命，以使冷空气可以不断进入系统。

Example of a desktop with fans in front of the hard drives, bringing in cold air:

台式机的示例，在硬盘驱动器的前面装有风扇，可吸入冷空气：

Laptop cooling: Laptops are a bit more difficult to keep cool, but this is possible if you invest in an active laptop cooler. You may lose some of the convenience of your laptop, but it can be well worth it if it allows you to save the time, money, and files you are going to lose when the hard drive goes bad. We are going to talk more about hard drive temperatures and how to monitor them in the next section, so you may want to get a feel for how hot your laptop runs before deciding to commit to a laptop cooler.

笔记本电脑散热 ：笔记本电脑的散热较为困难，但是如果您购买有源的笔记本电脑散热器，则可以这样做。 您可能会失去笔记本电脑的某些便利，但是如果它可以节省硬盘驱动器损坏时将要丢失的时间，金钱和文件，那么这是非常值得的。 在下一节中，我们将更多地讨论硬盘驱动器温度以及如何对其进行监控，因此在决定使用笔记本电脑散热器之前，您可能需要先了解笔记本电脑的运行温度。

Example of a laptop cooler, as seen on Newegg.com:

在Newegg.com上看到的笔记本电脑散热器的示例：

Desktop physical trauma: The bigger 3.5″ hard drives built for desktops are more fragile than the smaller ones that are built for laptops. However, avoiding physical trauma to your desktop’s hard drives is simple. First, make sure the hard drives are screwed in firmly. A hard drive consists of moving parts and it will jostle around in place if it isn’t secured properly. Don’t make them too tight in case you need to remove the hard drive later, but you definitely want them to be snug.

台式机物理创伤 ：用于台式机的较大的3.5英寸硬盘比用于笔记本电脑的较小的硬盘更易碎。 但是，避免对台式机硬盘驱动器造成物理伤害很简单。 首先，请确保将硬盘驱动器牢固地拧入。 硬盘由运动部件组成，如果安装不正确，它将在周围晃动。 不要将它们拧得太紧，以防日后需要卸下硬盘驱动器时使用，但是您绝对希望它们紧贴。

Secondly, desktop hard drives should only be moved minimally. Shaking them or dropping can result in a useless drive very quickly. It’s best to put them in your computer and just leave them alone. Note: It’s not that you have to treat them like gold, but avoid moving them when at all possible.

其次，台式硬盘驱动器的移动最少。 摇晃或掉落它们会很快导致无用的驱动器。 最好将它们放在您的计算机中，不要理会它们。 注意：不是必须要像黄金一样对待它们，而是要尽可能避免移动它们。

Laptop physical trauma: Laptops by their very nature are built to take some abuse. However, laptop hard drives can still break easily, so take extra care when toting your laptop around or setting it down on a desk somewhere. When closing your laptop and letting it fall asleep, wait a few seconds for your hard drive to finishing spinning down. Hard drives are much more resistant to movement damage when they’re not spinning. Avoid transporting a laptop when the hard drive is still spinning, and wait until the transition to sleep mode is complete before packing up your laptop.

笔记本电脑的物理伤害 ：笔记本电脑的本质是为了减轻滥用。 但是，笔记本电脑的硬盘驱动器仍然很容易损坏，因此在拉动笔记本电脑或将其放在桌子上的某处时要格外小心。 关闭笔记本电脑并使其进入睡眠状态时，请等待几秒钟，以使硬盘驱动器完成旋转。 硬盘不旋转时，更能抵抗移动损坏。 当硬盘驱动器仍在旋转时，请避免运输笔记本电脑，请等到完成向睡眠模式的转换后再打包笔记本电脑。

其他因素和神话 (Other Factors and Myths)

Data utilization: Let’s say you have two hard drives, and both run constantly. One drive has your operating system installed on it and is frequently being read/written to, while the other drive is a spare disk that houses a few gigabytes of files but is rarely accessed. Most people are inclined to think that the disk with more utilization (the OS drive in this case) would fail sooner than the other drive. However, research by Google shows that disk utilization plays a very small factor in a drive’s lifespan over long periods of time.

数据利用率 ：假设您有两个硬盘驱动器，并且两个硬盘都连续运行。 一个驱动器上装有您的操作系统，并且经常被读取/写入，而另一个驱动器是一个备用磁盘，其中存储了几GB的文件，但很少被访问。 大多数人倾向于认为利用率更高的磁盘(在这种情况下为OS驱动器)将比其他驱动器更早出现故障。 但是，谷歌的研究表明，磁盘利用率在驱动器的长期使用寿命中只占很小的比例。

If you use a hard drive a lot in the first year of its life, you’re more likely to find defects in it (and thereby have it fail on you), but it will be covered by most warranties. For this reason, don’t be afraid to install things on your hard drive that are going to be accessing it constantly. Most Linux distributions read/write data to log files quite frequently and BitTorrent applications access hard drives a lot as well.

如果您在硬盘使用的第一年中经常使用硬盘，则很可能会发现硬盘中的缺陷(从而使硬盘出现故障)，但是大多数保修都将涵盖该内容。 因此，不要害怕在硬盘驱动器上安装需要不断访问的东西。 大多数Linux发行版都非常频繁地将数据读/写到日志文件，并且BitTorrent应用程序也经常访问硬盘。

Advertised MTBF: It’s also worth mentioning that manufacturer’s “Mean Time Between Failure” statistics were wildly debunked by Google, so pay them little mind when choosing what hard drive to invest in. Rather, spend that time monitoring your drives S.M.A.R.T. data and temperatures, which we will discuss next.

MTBF广告 ：值得一提的是，制造商的“平均故障间隔时间”统计数据被Google彻底揭穿了，因此在选择要投资的硬盘时，他们不必在意。花时间监控硬盘的SMART数据和温度，接下来我们将讨论。

Letting hard drives run constantly vs. powering them down: There is no definitive research showing that hard drives which are powered off and on (whether it be sleep mode, turning the computer off, etc), suffer more damage than those running constantly. That said, theoretically it would seem that a hard drive being required to constantly spin up and down would not last as long as one constantly running. The reason we suggest this? Hard drives consume the most power when turning on, and damage most commonly occurs when powering up.

让硬盘驱动器持续运行与关机 ：没有确定的研究表明，关机后再打开(无论是睡眠模式，关闭计算机等)的硬盘，其损坏程度要比持续运行的硬盘更大。 也就是说，从理论上讲，持续不断地旋转所需的硬盘驱动器似乎不会持续不断地运行。 我们建议这样做的原因？ 硬盘驱动器在打开时消耗最多的功率，而在打开电源时最容易发生损坏。

Still, if you don’t use your computer that often, you should use some form of sleep/hibernation to save electricity and reduce the hours your hard drive spends spinning. On the other hand, someone who uses their computer sporadically may want to set a higher amount of time before their system goes to sleep, otherwise they may be requiring their hard disks to unnecessarily power on and off frequently.

不过，如果您不经常使用计算机，则应使用某种形式的睡眠/Hibernate方式来节省电力并减少硬盘驱动器的旋转时间。 另一方面，偶尔使用计算机的人可能希望在系统进入睡眠之前设置更长的时间，否则他们可能会要求其硬盘不必要地频繁开机和关机。

监控硬盘温度 (Monitoring Hard Drive Temperatures)

The research produced by Google shows that hard drives hovering in the 30-40 degrees Celsius range live the longest. It’s recommended that you download a program such as SpeedFan to get a feel for what temperatures your hard drives run at, and then change your cooling setup accordingly.

Google进行的研究表明，在30至40摄氏度范围内徘​​徊的硬盘寿命最长。 建议您下载诸如SpeedFan之类的程序，以了解硬盘驱动器的运行温度，然后相应地更改冷却设置。

The top row in this screenshot shows hard drive temperatures. The 24 degree drive is a Solid State Drive, which is capable of staying much cooler since there are no moving parts. Temperatures mean nothing for SSDs.

此屏幕快照的第一行显示硬盘驱动器温度。 24度驱动器是固态驱动器，由于没有活动部件，因此能够保持凉爽得多。 温度对SSD毫无意义。

我怎么知道我的硬盘坏了？ (How Can I Tell When My Hard Drive Is Going Bad?)

You should monitor your hard drive’s health using S.M.A.R.T. (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology). See this guide for instructions on how to monitor the S.M.A.R.T. data of your hard disks with Acronis Drive Monitor.

您应该使用SMART(自我监视，分析和报告技术)监视硬盘的运行状况。 有关如何使用Acronis Drive Monitor监视硬盘的SMART数据的说明，请参阅本指南 。

固态硬盘 (Solid State Drives)

We wanted to mention that most of this guide becomes irrelevant if you are using a Solid State Drive. However, SSDs cost a lot more money for a lot less storage, so hard drives will be around for a long time and it will be impossible for most geeks to avoid using them for at least a few more years. SSDs can handle a lot of physical abuse and stay at room temperature because there is nothing in them that generates heat. You can still use S.M.A.R.T. and Acronis Drive Monitor to keep tabs on how your SSD is performing in other areas.

我们想提到的是，如果您使用的是固态硬盘，本指南的大部分内容都将变得无关紧要。 但是，SSD花费更多的钱来减少存储空间，因此硬盘驱动器将存在很长一段时间，并且对于大多数怪胎来说，避免至少使用几年是不可能的。 SSD可以处理很多身体虐待并保持在室温下，因为其中没有任何东西会发热。 您仍然可以使用SMART和Acronis Drive Monitor来跟踪SSD在其他方面的性能。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/137198/how-to-prolong-the-life-of-your-hard-drive/

硬盘寿命检测