Junit--spring 应用

1、会用Spring测试套件的好处java

在开发基于Spring的应用时,若是你还直接使用Junit进行单元测试,那你就错过了Spring为咱们所提供的饕餮大餐了。使用Junit直接进行单元测试有如下四大不足:web

1)致使屡次Spring容器初始化问题spring

根据JUnit测试方法的调用流程,每执行一个测试方法都会建立一个测试用例的实例并调用setUp()方法。因为通常状况下,咱们在setUp()方法中初始化Spring容器,这意味着若是测试用例有多少个测试方法,Spring容器就会被重复初始化屡次。虽然初始化Spring容器的速度并不会太慢,但因为可能会在Spring容器初始化时执行加载Hibernate映射文件等耗时的操做,若是每执行一个测试方法都必须重复初始化Spring容器,则对测试性能的影响是不容忽视的;数据库

使用Spring测试套件,Spring容器只会初始化一次session

2)须要使用硬编码方式手工获取Beanapp

在测试用例类中咱们须要经过ctx.getBean()方法从Spirng容器中获取须要测试的目标Bean,而且还要进行强制类型转换的造型操做。这种乏味的操做迷漫在测试用例的代码中,让人以为烦琐不堪;性能

使用Spring测试套件,测试用例类中的属性会被自动填充Spring容器的对应Bean,无须在手工设置Bean!单元测试

3)数据库现场容易遭受破坏测试

测试方法对数据库的更改操做会持久化到数据库中。虽然是针对开发数据库进行操做,但若是数据操做的影响是持久的,可能会影响到后面的测试行为。举个例子,用户在测试方法中插入一条ID为1的User记录,第一次运行不会有问题,第二次运行时,就会由于主键冲突而致使测试用例失败。因此应该既可以完成功能逻辑检查,又可以在测试完成后恢复现场,不会留下“后遗症”;编码

使用Spring测试套件,Spring会在你验证后,自动回滚对数据库的操做,保证数据库的现场不被破坏,所以重复测试不会发生问题!

4)不方便对数据操做正确性进行检查

假如咱们向登陆日志表插入了一条成功登陆日志,但是咱们却没有对t_login_log表中是否确实添加了一条记录进行检查。通常状况下,咱们多是打开数据库,肉眼观察是否插入了相应的记录,但这严重违背了自动测试的原则。试想在测试包括成千上万个数据操做行为的程序时,如何用肉眼进行检查?

只要你继承Spring的测试套件的用例类,你就能够经过jdbcTemplate(或Dao等)在同一事务中访问数据库,查询数据的变化,验证操做的正确性!

Spring提供了一套扩展于Junit测试用例的测试套件,使用这套测试套件彻底解决了以上四个问题,让咱们测试Spring的应用更加方便。这个测试套件主要由org.springframework.test包下的若干类组成,使用简单快捷,方便上手。

2、使用方法

1)基本用法

package com.test;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:config/applicationContext-*.xml", "classpath:services/ext/service-*.xml" })
public class UserServiceTest {

	@Resource
	private IUserService userService;

	@Test
	public void testAddOpinion1() {
		userService.downloadCount(1);
		System.out.println(1);
	}

	@Test
	public void testAddOpinion2() {
		userService.downloadCount(2);
		System.out.println(2);
	}
}

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 用于配置spring中测试的环境

@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:config/applicationContext-*.xml", "classpath:services/ext/service-*.xml" })用于指定配置文件所在的位置

@Resource注入Spring容器Bean对象,注意与@Autowired区别

2)事务用法

package com.test;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionConfiguration;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:config/applicationContext-*.xml", "classpath:services/ext/service-*.xml" })
@Transactional
@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "transactionManager")
//@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "transactionManager", defaultRollback = true)
public class UserServiceTest {

	@Resource
	private IUserService userService;

	@Test
//	@Transactional
	public void testAddOpinion1() {
		userService.downloadCount(1);
		System.out.println(1);
	}

	@Test
	@Rollback(false)
	public void testAddOpinion2() {
		userService.downloadCount(2);
		System.out.println(2);
	}
}

@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager="transactionManager")读取Spring配置文件中名为transactionManager的事务配置,defaultRollback为事务回滚默认设置。该注解是可选的,可以使用@Transactional与@Rollback配合完成事务管理。固然也能够使用@Transactional与@TransactionConfiguration配合。

@Transactional开启事务。可放到类或方法上,类上做用于全部方法。

@Rollback事务回滚配置。只能放到方法上。

3)继承AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests

package com.test;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests;
import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionConfiguration;

@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:config/applicationContext-*.xml", "classpath:services/ext/service-*.xml" })
@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "transactionManager", defaultRollback = false)
public class UserServiceTest extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests {

	@Resource
	private IUserService userService;

	@Test
	public void testAddOpinion1() {
		userService.downloadCount(1);
		System.out.println(1);
	}

	@Test
	public void testAddOpinion2() {
		userService.downloadCount(2);
		System.out.println(2);
	}
}

AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests:这个类为咱们解决了在web.xml中配置OpenSessionInview所解决的session生命周期延长的问题,因此要继承这个类。该类已经在类级别预先配置了好了事物支持,所以没必要再配置@Transactional和@RunWith

4)继承

package com.test;

import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests;
import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionConfiguration;

@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:config/applicationContext-*.xml", "classpath:services/ext/service-*.xml" })
@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "transactionManager")
public class BaseTestCase extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests {

}
package com.test;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;

public class UserServiceTest extends BaseTestCase {

	@Resource
	private IUserService userService;

	@Test
	public void testAddOpinion1() {
		userService.downloadCount(1);
		System.out.println(1);
	}

	@Test
	@Rollback(false)
	public void testAddOpinion2() {
		userService.downloadCount(2);
		System.out.println(2);
	}
}

5)综合

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration
@TransactionConfiguration
@Transactional
public class PersonDaoTransactionUnitTest extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests {

	final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PersonDaoTransactionUnitTest.class);

	protected static int SIZE = 2;
	protected static Integer ID = new Integer(1);
	protected static String FIRST_NAME = "Joe";
	protected static String LAST_NAME = "Smith";
	protected static String CHANGED_LAST_NAME = "Jackson";

	@Autowired
	protected PersonDao personDao = null;

	/**
	 * Tests that the size and first record match what is expected before the transaction.
	 */
	@BeforeTransaction
	public void beforeTransaction() {
		testPerson(true, LAST_NAME);
	}

	/**
	 * Tests person table and changes the first records last name.
	 */
	@Test
	public void testHibernateTemplate() throws SQLException {
		assertNotNull("Person DAO is null.", personDao);

		Collection<Person> lPersons = personDao.findPersons();

		assertNotNull("Person list is null.", lPersons);
		assertEquals("Number of persons should be " + SIZE + ".", SIZE, lPersons.size());

		for (Person person : lPersons) {
			assertNotNull("Person is null.", person);

			if (ID.equals(person.getId())) {
				assertEquals("Person first name should be " + FIRST_NAME + ".", FIRST_NAME, person.getFirstName());
				assertEquals("Person last name should be " + LAST_NAME + ".", LAST_NAME, person.getLastName());

				person.setLastName(CHANGED_LAST_NAME);

				personDao.save(person);
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Tests that the size and first record match what is expected after the transaction.
	 */
	@AfterTransaction
	public void afterTransaction() {
		testPerson(false, LAST_NAME);
	}

	/**
	 * Tests person table.
	 */
	protected void testPerson(boolean beforeTransaction, String matchLastName) {
		List<Map<String, Object>> lPersonMaps = simpleJdbcTemplate.queryForList("SELECT * FROM PERSON");

		assertNotNull("Person list is null.", lPersonMaps);
		assertEquals("Number of persons should be " + SIZE + ".", SIZE, lPersonMaps.size());

		Map<String, Object> hPerson = lPersonMaps.get(0);

		logger.debug((beforeTransaction ? "Before" : "After") + " transaction.  " + hPerson.toString());

		Integer id = (Integer) hPerson.get("ID");
		String firstName = (String) hPerson.get("FIRST_NAME");
		String lastName = (String) hPerson.get("LAST_NAME");

		if (ID.equals(id)) {
			assertEquals("Person first name should be " + FIRST_NAME + ".", FIRST_NAME, firstName);
			assertEquals("Person last name should be " + matchLastName + ".", matchLastName, lastName);
		}
	}

}

@BeforeTransaction在事务以前执行

@AfterTransaction在事务以后执行

@NotTransactional不开启事务

 

好了,本篇做为Junit补充就说到这里了,但愿你们多多分享经验哦。

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