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IOC(Inversion of Control),即控制反转,意思是将对象的建立和依赖关系交给第三方容器处理,咱们要用的时候告诉容器咱们须要什么而后直接去拿就好了。举个例子,咱们有一个工厂,它生产各类产品,当你须要某个产品,好比你须要一辆汽车,你就告诉工厂你须要一辆汽车,工厂就会直接返回给你一辆汽车,而不须要你本身经过付出劳动来获得这辆汽车,你也不用关心工厂是如何生产这辆汽车。对应到咱们的程序中就是,IOC容器会帮咱们建立和管理对象,当你告诉容器你须要某个对象时,容器会把这个对象返回给你,而不须要本身去new出一个对象来,对象的建立和管理会由容器自动进行,直接从容器中拿来用就能够了。IOC能够说是Spring最核心的思想,它使咱们的开发变得简单(对象之间的依赖关系能够经过配置文件或者注解来创建),对于这种优秀的设计思想,咱们固然有必要研究一下它的底层实现原理。spring
首先咱们来关注一个接口,源码以下: app
package org.springframework.beans.factory; import org.springframework.beans.BeansException; import org.springframework.core.ResolvableType; import org.springframework.lang.Nullable; /** * * @author Rod Johnson * @author Juergen Hoeller * @author Chris Beams * @since 13 April 2001 * */ public interface BeanFactory { String FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX = "&"; Object getBean(String name) throws BeansException; <T> T getBean(String name, @Nullable Class<T> requiredType) throws BeansException; Object getBean(String name, Object... args) throws BeansException; <T> T getBean(Class<T> requiredType) throws BeansException; <T> T getBean(Class<T> requiredType, Object... args) throws BeansException; boolean containsBean(String name); boolean isSingleton(String name) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException; boolean isPrototype(String name) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException; boolean isTypeMatch(String name, ResolvableType typeToMatch) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException; boolean isTypeMatch(String name, @Nullable Class<?> typeToMatch) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException; @Nullable Class<?> getType(String name) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException; String[] getAliases(String name); }
这个接口即是spring核心的bean工厂定义,它是IOC容器的顶层接口,spring中全部bean工厂都直接或间接的继承或实现了这个接口。咱们平时使用的最多的ApplicationContext接口也继承了BeanFactory接口,所以它具备BeanFactory接口的全部功能,这里顺便提一下,从BeanFactory获取bean时,实例化BeanFactory容器并不会实例化所配置的bean,只有当使用某个bean(getBean)时,才会实时的实例化该bean;从ApplicationContext获取bean时,实例化ApplicationContext容器时会一并实例化容器中的全部的bean。ide
从BeanFactory的源码能够看出,它实现的核心功能就是根据名称或类型来返回一个bean实例。一个工厂若是要具有这种功能,结合工厂模式的思想,咱们能够试想一下它须要具有如下几个条件:函数
一、持有各类bean的定义,只有拿到了bean的定义信息,才能根据这些信息进行实例化;工具
二、持有各类bean之间的依赖关系,若是一个类中持有对另外一个类的引用,那么在对该类进行实例化时,必须根据类之间的依赖关系对相关类也进行实例化,所以,工厂必须得到类之间的依赖关系,不然没法正确实例化;学习
三、以上两种信息都依赖于咱们的配置信息定义,好比xml配置文件,工厂须要一个工具来读取配置文件的信息。测试
以上是咱们设想IOC的实现思路,只要知足以上三个条件,就能构造一个工厂,生产各类bean。可是咱们仍是有一些疑问,好比在第一个条件中,咱们如何持有bean的定义呢?咱们先来看另一个接口: ui
package org.springframework.beans.factory.config; import org.springframework.beans.BeanMetadataElement; import org.springframework.beans.MutablePropertyValues; import org.springframework.core.AttributeAccessor; import org.springframework.lang.Nullable; /** * 一个BeanDefinition描述一个bean实例具备的属性值,构造函数参数值,以及具体实现的进一步信息。 * * A BeanDefinition describes a bean instance, which has property values, * constructor argument values, and further information supplied by * concrete implementations. * * @author Juergen Hoeller * @author Rob Harrop * @since 19.03.2004 */ public interface BeanDefinition extends AttributeAccessor, BeanMetadataElement { String SCOPE_SINGLETON = ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_SINGLETON; String SCOPE_PROTOTYPE = ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE; int ROLE_APPLICATION = 0; int ROLE_SUPPORT = 1; int ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE = 2; void setParentName(@Nullable String parentName); @Nullable String getParentName(); void setBeanClassName(@Nullable String beanClassName); @Nullable String getBeanClassName(); void setScope(@Nullable String scope); @Nullable String getScope(); void setLazyInit(boolean lazyInit); boolean isLazyInit(); /** * Set the names of the beans that this bean depends on being initialized. * The bean factory will guarantee that these beans get initialized first. */ void setDependsOn(String... dependsOn); /** * Return the bean names that this bean depends on. */ @Nullable String[] getDependsOn(); void setAutowireCandidate(boolean autowireCandidate); boolean isAutowireCandidate(); void setPrimary(boolean primary); boolean isPrimary(); void setFactoryBeanName(@Nullable String factoryBeanName); @Nullable String getFactoryBeanName(); void setFactoryMethodName(@Nullable String factoryMethodName); @Nullable String getFactoryMethodName(); ConstructorArgumentValues getConstructorArgumentValues(); MutablePropertyValues getPropertyValues(); boolean isSingleton(); boolean isPrototype(); boolean isAbstract(); int getRole(); @Nullable String getDescription(); @Nullable String getResourceDescription(); @Nullable BeanDefinition getOriginatingBeanDefinition(); }
BeanDefinition,顾名思义即是spring中的bean定义接口,spring的工厂里持有的就是此接口定义的内容。从源码能够看出,这个接口继承了两个另外两个接口,一个是AttributeAccessor接口,继承这个接口就意味着BeanDefinition接口拥有了处理属性的能力,另一个接口是BeanMetedataElement,它能够得到bean的配置定义的元素,对于xml文件来讲就是会持有bean的标签。从源码中咱们能够看出,BeanDefinition接口定义了两个方法,分别是void setDependsOn(String... dependsOn)和String[] getDependsOn(),从方法的说明能够看出,这两个方法就是设置依赖的bean的名称和获取依赖的bean的名称,这就意味着只要咱们有一个BeanDefinition,就能获得获得bean的定义信息和bean之间的依赖关系,从而能够生产一个完整的bean实例。this
从上面两个接口,咱们大体能够猜出spring是如何持有bean的定义信息及依赖关系了,没错,就是让bean工厂持有一个Map<String,BeanDefinition>,String型的beanName做为key,BeanDefinition型的bean定义做为value,这样就能生产一个bean实例。BeanFactory接口固然不能持有这个map对象,那么必定是在它的某个实现类里所持有的,咱们找到了这个实现类,来看看源码:
package org.springframework.beans.factory.support; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.NotSerializableException; import java.io.ObjectInputStream; import java.io.ObjectStreamException; import java.io.Serializable; import java.lang.annotation.Annotation; import java.lang.ref.Reference; import java.lang.ref.WeakReference; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.security.AccessController; import java.security.PrivilegedAction; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Collection; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.Comparator; import java.util.IdentityHashMap; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.LinkedHashMap; import java.util.LinkedHashSet; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Optional; import java.util.Set; import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap; import javax.inject.Provider; import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils; import org.springframework.beans.BeansException; import org.springframework.beans.TypeConverter; import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException; import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException; import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException; import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryAware; import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryUtils; import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException; import org.springframework.beans.factory.CannotLoadBeanClassException; import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean; import org.springframework.beans.factory.InjectionPoint; import org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException; import org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException; import org.springframework.beans.factory.ObjectFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.ObjectProvider; import org.springframework.beans.factory.SmartFactoryBean; import org.springframework.beans.factory.SmartInitializingSingleton; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.AutowireCapableBeanFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinitionHolder; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableBeanFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.NamedBeanHolder; import org.springframework.core.OrderComparator; import org.springframework.core.ResolvableType; import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils; import org.springframework.lang.Nullable; import org.springframework.util.Assert; import org.springframework.util.ClassUtils; import org.springframework.util.CompositeIterator; import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils; import org.springframework.util.StringUtils; /** * 基于bean definition对象的完整bean工厂 * * Default implementation of the * {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.ListableBeanFactory} and * {@link BeanDefinitionRegistry} interfaces: a full-fledged bean factory * based on bean definition objects. * * @author Rod Johnson * @author Juergen Hoeller * @author Sam Brannen * @author Costin Leau * @author Chris Beams * @author Phillip Webb * @author Stephane Nicoll * @since 16 April 2001 * @see StaticListableBeanFactory * @see PropertiesBeanDefinitionReader * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader */ @SuppressWarnings("serial") public class DefaultListableBeanFactory extends AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory implements ConfigurableListableBeanFactory, BeanDefinitionRegistry, Serializable { @Nullable private static Class<?> javaxInjectProviderClass; static { try { javaxInjectProviderClass = ClassUtils.forName("javax.inject.Provider", DefaultListableBeanFactory.class.getClassLoader()); } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) { // JSR-330 API not available - Provider interface simply not supported then. javaxInjectProviderClass = null; } } /** Map from serialized id to factory instance */ private static final Map<String, Reference<DefaultListableBeanFactory>> serializableFactories = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(8); /** Optional id for this factory, for serialization purposes */ @Nullable private String serializationId; /** Whether to allow re-registration of a different definition with the same name */ private boolean allowBeanDefinitionOverriding = true; /** Whether to allow eager class loading even for lazy-init beans */ private boolean allowEagerClassLoading = true; /** Optional OrderComparator for dependency Lists and arrays */ @Nullable private Comparator<Object> dependencyComparator; /** Resolver to use for checking if a bean definition is an autowire candidate */ private AutowireCandidateResolver autowireCandidateResolver = new SimpleAutowireCandidateResolver(); /** Map from dependency type to corresponding autowired value */ private final Map<Class<?>, Object> resolvableDependencies = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16); /** Map of bean definition objects, keyed by bean name */ //beanFactory持有此map,这样就能够在任什么时候候获取bean的BeanDefinition来建立一个bean实例 private final Map<String, BeanDefinition> beanDefinitionMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256); /** Map of singleton and non-singleton bean names, keyed by dependency type */ private final Map<Class<?>, String[]> allBeanNamesByType = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(64); /** Map of singleton-only bean names, keyed by dependency type */ private final Map<Class<?>, String[]> singletonBeanNamesByType = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(64); /** List of bean definition names, in registration order */ private volatile List<String> beanDefinitionNames = new ArrayList<>(256); /** List of names of manually registered singletons, in registration order */ private volatile Set<String> manualSingletonNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(16); /** Cached array of bean definition names in case of frozen configuration */ @Nullable private volatile String[] frozenBeanDefinitionNames; /** Whether bean definition metadata may be cached for all beans */ private volatile boolean configurationFrozen = false; }
DefaultListableBeanFactory类,这个类是默认的bean工厂实现类,这里只贴出了部分源码,完整的代码太长。咱们来看其中的一行代码:
/** Map of bean definition objects, keyed by bean name */ //beanFactory持有此map,这样就能够在任什么时候候获取bean的BeanDefinition来建立一个bean实例 private final Map<String, BeanDefinition> beanDefinitionMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256);
这行代码证实了咱们的猜想,从方法是说明就能够看出这是bean定义的map对象,以bean的名称做为key。到这里思路就明确了,bean工厂的初始化就是往这个map对象里加东西,把咱们xml文件里定义的bean填充到这个对象里,bean工厂就能够工做了。
那么怎样将xml文件配置的bean注册到这个map对象里呢?咱们能够试试如下思路:
一、须要一个工具来找到xml配置文件,能够称之为资源定位;
二、须要一个Reader来读取xml配置信息,即DOM解析;
三、将读取出来的信息注册到map对象里。
以代码来验证一下,写一个Person类做为bean:
public class Person { public void work(){ System.out.println("I am working..."); } }
建立一个applicationContext.xml配置文件,配置bean:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="person" class="com.springframework.bean.test.Person"></bean> </beans>
接下来写个测试类:
public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) { ClassPathResource classPathResource = new ClassPathResource("applicationContext.xml"); DefaultListableBeanFactory defaultListableBeanFactory = new DefaultListableBeanFactory(); XmlBeanDefinitionReader beanDefinitionReader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(defaultListableBeanFactory); beanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(classPathResource); System.out.println(defaultListableBeanFactory.getBeanDefinitionCount()); Person person = (Person)defaultListableBeanFactory.getBean("person"); person.work(); } }
执行结果以下:
七月 06, 2017 9:41:48 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions 信息: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext.xml] 1 I am working...
从结果能够看出,咱们成功解析了xml文件,并注册了一个bean定义,经过getBean()方法成功返回了一个实例。上面的测试类用4行代码实现了bean工厂的初始化:
第一行,完成了资源定位;
第二行,建立了一个默认的bean工厂;
第三行,建立了一个Reader,这个Reader用来读取xml文件,将建立的defaultListableBeanFactory 做为参数传递给Reader,表示为此工厂建立Reader;
第四行,用Reader读取配置信息,并将解析的bean定义注册到defaultListableBeanFactory 中。
执行完以上四个步骤,bean工厂酒杯正确初始化了,接下来咱们能够调用工厂的方法,以及得到bean实例。
可是在实际开发中不会这么复杂,spring能够更简单的一步到位,它是这么作的:
public class TestSpringBeanFactory { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext ctx = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("src/applicationContext.xml"); System.out.println(ctx.getBeanDefinitionCount()); Person person = (Person) ctx.getBean("person"); person.work(); } }
咱们看看执行结果:
七月 06, 2017 9:42:55 下午 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh 信息: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.FileSystemXmlApplicationContext@20ad9418: startup date [Thu Jul 06 21:42:55 CST 2017]; root of context hierarchy 七月 06, 2017 9:42:55 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions 信息: Loading XML bean definitions from file [C:\Users\fangfuhai\workspace\spring-code-learning\src\applicationContext.xml] 1 I am working...
从结果能够看出,spring用一行代码就完成了咱们四个步骤,仔细看看日志信息就能够发现,spring也是用XmlBeanDefinitionReader 来读取、解析并注册,同时在日志信息里还多了两行,这说明在这一行代码里,spring还作了更多的事情。
咱们在new一个FileSystemXmlApplicationContext对象的时候,spring到底作了那些事情呢?下一章节咱们来一探究竟。