oracle 用rman 备份

时间  2019-12-17
标签 oracle rman 备份 栏目 Oracle 繁體版
原文   原文链接
  1. 全量备份
    backup database;能够全量备份 数据文件，参数文件，控制文件 
    RMAN> backup database;

Starting backup at 06-APR-17
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=146 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/user02.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/tmpspace0327
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-APR-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-APR-17
piece handle=/tmp/0ds11ob8_1_1 tag=TAG20170406T221256 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:46
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-APR-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-APR-17
piece handle=/tmp/0es11oej_1_1 tag=TAG20170406T221256 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 06-APR-17

     

  2. 参数文件备份
    backup spfile; 
    RMAN> backup spfile;

Starting backup at 06-APR-17
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=146 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-APR-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-APR-17
piece handle=/tmp/0fs11p18_1_1 tag=TAG20170406T222440 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 06-APR-17

    backup spfile format '/tmp/spfile.bkp'; 
    RMAN> backup spfile format '/tmp/20170406spfile.bkp';

Starting backup at 06-APR-17
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-APR-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-APR-17
piece handle=/tmp/20170406spfile.bkp tag=TAG20170406T222553 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 06-APR-17

     

  3. 控制文件备份
    backup current controlfile;
    控制文件有多个，可是当前使用的只有1个，因此要备份当前使用的控制文件才有效 
    RMAN> backup current controlfile;

Starting backup at 06-APR-17
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-APR-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-APR-17
piece handle=/tmp/0hs11phs_1_1 tag=TAG20170406T223332 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 06-APR-17

    backup current controlfile format '/tmp/20170406controlfile.bkp'; 
    RMAN> backup current controlfile format '/tmp/20170406controlfile.bkp';

Starting backup at 06-APR-17
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-APR-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-APR-17
piece handle=/tmp/20170406controlfile.bkp tag=TAG20170406T223744 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 06-APR-17

  4. 拷贝式备份文件
    backup 备份文件式备份的更新的block。还有一种方式就是backup as copy current controlfile; 至关于直接被文件用scp拷贝了一份。sql

    RMAN> backup as copy current controlfile;

Starting backup at 06-APR-17
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying current control file
output file name=/tmp/cf_D-ORCL_id-1461163151_0ks11q2h tag=TAG20170406T224225 RECID=5 STAMP=940632145
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 06-APR-17

     

  5. 数据文件备份
    数据文件的备份能够在backup database；中备份这里就很少少了，下面主要介绍一下单独对数据文件进行备份。
    备份表空间：backkup tablespace user,example;
      多个表空间哦那个逗号分隔。 
    SQL> select TABLESPACE_NAME,STATUS from dba_tablespaces;

TABLESPACE_NAME 	       STATUS
------------------------------ ---------
SYSTEM			       ONLINE
SYSAUX			       ONLINE
UNDOTBS1		       ONLINE
TEMP			       ONLINE
USERS			       ONLINE
USER02			       ONLINE
TMP_SPACE_0327		       ONLINE

7 rows selected.
RMAN> backup tablespace users,TMP_SPACE_0327;

Starting backup at 06-APR-17
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=33 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/tmpspace0327
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-APR-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-APR-17
piece handle=/tmp/0ls11re5_1_1 tag=TAG20170406T230541 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished backup at 06-APR-17

    备份数据文件：backup datafile 1,2,3;或者backup datafile 'path'
      oracle

    SQL>  select file#, STATUS,ENABLED,NAME from v$datafile;

     FILE# STATUS  ENABLED    NAME
---------- ------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------
	 1 SYSTEM  READ WRITE /u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
	 2 ONLINE  READ WRITE /u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
	 3 ONLINE  READ WRITE /u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
	 4 ONLINE  READ WRITE /u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
	 5 ONLINE  READ WRITE /u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/user02.dbf
	 6 ONLINE  READ WRITE /u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/tmpspace0327

6 rows selected.
RMAN> backup datafile 4,6;

Starting backup at 06-APR-17
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=9 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/tmpspace0327
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-APR-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-APR-17
piece handle=/tmp/0ms11rn0_1_1 tag=TAG20170406T231023 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 06-APR-17

RMAN> backup datafile '/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf';

Starting backup at 06-APR-17
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-APR-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 06-APR-17
piece handle=/tmp/0ns11rns_1_1 tag=TAG20170406T231052 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 06-APR-17

    数据文件备份一样也能够用backup as copy tablespace users;spa

  6. 快速备份
    备份文件的时候系统要查看哪些block是更新了的，这样也会消耗很多资源，有一种办法就是对更新的block 进行整理标记速度就会快一点，这个就是跟踪文件。
    alter database enable block change tracking using file '/tmp/hurrup.file'; 
    SQL> alter database enable block change tracking using file '/tmp/hurrup.file';

Database altered.
SQL> select * from v$block_change_tracking;

STATUS	   FILENAME			       BYTES
---------- ------------------------------ ----------
ENABLED    /tmp/hurrup.file		    11599872

     
  7. 归档备份
    backup archive log all;备份后归档日志和备份的归档日志都有
    backup archive log all delete input; 备份归档日志后把原来的归档日志删除
    backup database plus archivelog; 能够在全量备份的时候添加上备份归档日志。
  8. 检查备份文件
    list backup of spfile/controlfile/datafile;
    list copy of spfile/controlfile/datafile; 
    RMAN> list copy of controlfile;

List of Control File Copies
===========================

Key     S Completion Time Ckp SCN    Ckp Time       
------- - --------------- ---------- ---------------
5       A 06-APR-17       2283452    06-APR-17      
        Name: /tmp/cf_D-ORCL_id-1461163151_0ks11q2h
        Tag: TAG20170406T224225

4       A 17-JAN-17       1105880    17-JAN-17      
        Name: /u01/oracle/11g/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f
        Tag: TAG20170117T000003


RMAN> list backup of spfile;


List of Backup Sets
===================


BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
2       Full    9.83M      DISK        00:00:03     06-APR-17      
        BP Key: 2   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20170406T221256
        Piece Name: /tmp/0es11oej_1_1
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 06-APR-17
  SPFILE db_unique_name: PORCL

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
3       Full    80.00K     DISK        00:00:00     06-APR-17      
        BP Key: 3   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20170406T222440
        Piece Name: /tmp/0fs11p18_1_1
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 06-APR-17
  SPFILE db_unique_name: PORCL

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
4       Full    80.00K     DISK        00:00:00     06-APR-17      
        BP Key: 4   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20170406T222553
        Piece Name: /tmp/20170406spfile.bkp
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 06-APR-17
  SPFILE db_unique_name: PORCL

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
7       Full    80.00K     DISK        00:00:00     06-APR-17      
        BP Key: 7   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20170406T224132
        Piece Name: /tmp/0js11q0s_1_1
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 06-APR-17
  SPFILE db_unique_name: PORCL

  9. 差别备份和增量备份
    差别备份：备份从上一次备份到如今更新的block
      关键字：incremantal
      sql：backup incremantal level 0 database;
      解释：0 表示0级备份也就是全量备份

    增量备份：增量累计量备份，从上次增量级别-1以来变化的block
        关键字：cumulative
         sql:backup cumulative incremantal level 2 database;
         解释：例如一周天天都作一个增量，只是级别不一样，以下：
    7         1         2         3         4         5         6
    L0       L2       L2        L1       L2       L2       Lc1
    全量备份
     |-------| 2-1=1 是从0 到1 的备份
                |-------| 2-1=1 是从1 到1
    |-----------------------|1-1=0 从0到如今的备份
                                      |-------|2-1=1 上次0到1
                                                 |-------|2-1=1 从上次0到1
    |----------------------------------------------| 从0到C1 再作一次全量备份
    注意：级别0 是必需要有的，其余1，2，3，4都是基于0的基础上累计的。日志

  10. backup recovery；恢复code

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