HttpClient中post请求http、https示例

时间 2019-12-20

标签 httpclient post 请求 http https 示例栏目系统网络繁體版

原文原文链接

HttpClient 是 Apache Jakarta Common 下的子项目，能够用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包，而且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议。java

使用HttpClient发送请求、接收响应很简单，通常须要以下几步便可：apache

建立CloseableHttpClient对象。
建立请求方法的实例，并指定请求URL。若是须要发送GET请求，建立HttpGet对象；若是须要发送POST请求，建立HttpPost对象。
若是须要发送请求参数，可可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。setParams方法已过期（4.4.1版本）。
调用HttpGet、HttpPost对象的setHeader(String name, String value)方法设置header信息，或者调用setHeaders(Header[] headers)设置一组header信息。
调用CloseableHttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求，该方法返回一个CloseableHttpResponse。
调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象，该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可经过该对象获取服务器的响应内容；调用CloseableHttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头。
释放链接。不管执行方法是否成功，都必须释放链接

具体代码以下(HttpClient-4.4.1)：编程

/** 
 * 简单httpclient实例
 * 
 * @author arron
 * @date 2015年11月11日 下午6:36:49 
 * @version 1.0 
 */
public class SimpleHttpClientDemo {

    /**
     * 模拟请求
     * 
     * @param url        资源地址
     * @param map    参数列表
     * @param encoding    编码
     * @return
     * @throws ParseException
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String send(String url, Map<String,String> map,String encoding) throws ParseException, IOException{
        String body = "";

        //建立httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        //建立post方式请求对象
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        
        //装填参数
        List<NameValuePair> nvps = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
        if(map!=null){
            for (Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {
                nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
            }
        }
        //设置参数到请求对象中
        httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, encoding));

        System.out.println("请求地址："+url);
        System.out.println("请求参数："+nvps.toString());
        
        //设置header信息
        //指定报文头【Content-type】、【User-Agent】
        httpPost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
        httpPost.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.0; Windows NT; DigExt)");
        
        //执行请求操做，并拿到结果（同步阻塞）
        CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPost);
        //获取结果实体
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
        if (entity != null) {
            //按指定编码转换结果实体为String类型
            body = EntityUtils.toString(entity, encoding);
        }
        EntityUtils.consume(entity);
        //释放连接
        response.close();
        return body;
    }
}

对于HTTPS的访问，采起绕过证书的策略：tomcat

    /**
     * 绕过验证
     *     
     * @return
     * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException 
     * @throws KeyManagementException 
     */
    public static SSLContext createIgnoreVerifySSL() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException {
        SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("SSLv3");

        // 实现一个X509TrustManager接口，用于绕过验证，不用修改里面的方法
        X509TrustManager trustManager = new X509TrustManager() {
            @Override
            public void checkClientTrusted(
                    java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] paramArrayOfX509Certificate,
                    String paramString) throws CertificateException {
            }

            @Override
            public void checkServerTrusted(
                    java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] paramArrayOfX509Certificate,
                    String paramString) throws CertificateException {
            }

            @Override
            public java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
                return null;
            }
        };

        sc.init(null, new TrustManager[] { trustManager }, null);
        return sc;
    }

而后修改原来的send方法：服务器

    /**
     * 模拟请求
     * 
     * @param url        资源地址
     * @param map    参数列表
     * @param encoding    编码
     * @return
     * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException 
     * @throws KeyManagementException 
     * @throws IOException 
     * @throws ClientProtocolException 
     */
    public static String send(String url, Map<String,String> map,String encoding) throws KeyManagementException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, ClientProtocolException, IOException {
        String body = "";
        //采用绕过验证的方式处理https请求
        SSLContext sslcontext = createIgnoreVerifySSL();
        
        // 设置协议http和https对应的处理socket连接工厂的对象
        Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
            .register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE)
            .register("https", new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext))
            .build();
        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(socketFactoryRegistry);
        HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager);

        //建立自定义的httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager).build();
//        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        
        //建立post方式请求对象
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        
        //装填参数
        List<NameValuePair> nvps = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
        if(map!=null){
            for (Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {
                nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
            }
        }
        //设置参数到请求对象中
        httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, encoding));

        System.out.println("请求地址："+url);
        System.out.println("请求参数："+nvps.toString());
        
        //设置header信息
        //指定报文头【Content-type】、【User-Agent】
        httpPost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
        httpPost.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.0; Windows NT; DigExt)");
        
        //执行请求操做，并拿到结果（同步阻塞）
        CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPost);
        //获取结果实体
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
        if (entity != null) {
            //按指定编码转换结果实体为String类型
            body = EntityUtils.toString(entity, encoding);
        }
        EntityUtils.consume(entity);
        //释放连接
        response.close();
        return body;
    }

可是，若是是本身用jdk或者其余工具生成的证书，仍是但愿用其余方式认证自签名的证书，这篇文章就来分享一下如何设置信任自签名的证书。固然你也能够参考官网示例中。app

要想信任自签名的证书，必须得知道密钥库的路径及密钥库的密码。而后加载到程序来才能够。具体代码以下：socket

    /**
     * 设置信任自签名证书
     *     
     * @param keyStorePath        密钥库路径
     * @param keyStorepass        密钥库密码
     * @return
     */
    public static SSLContext custom(String keyStorePath, String keyStorepass){
        SSLContext sc = null;
        FileInputStream instream = null;
        KeyStore trustStore = null;
        try {
            trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
            instream = new FileInputStream(new File(keyStorePath));
            trustStore.load(instream, keyStorepass.toCharArray());
            // 相信本身的CA和全部自签名的证书
            sc = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build();
        } catch (KeyStoreException | NoSuchAlgorithmException| CertificateException | IOException | KeyManagementException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                instream.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
            }
        }
        return sc;
    }

而后修改原来的send方法：ide

    /**
     * 模拟请求
     * 
     * @param url        资源地址
     * @param map    参数列表
     * @param encoding    编码
     * @return
     * @throws ParseException
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws KeyManagementException 
     * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException 
     * @throws ClientProtocolException 
     */
    public static String send(String url, Map<String,String> map,String encoding) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
        String body = "";
        
        //tomcat是我本身的密钥库的密码，你能够替换成本身的
        //若是密码为空，则用"nopassword"代替
        SSLContext sslcontext = custom("D:\\keys\\wsriakey", "tomcat");
        
        // 设置协议http和https对应的处理socket连接工厂的对象
        Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
            .register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE)
            .register("https", new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext))
            .build();
        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(socketFactoryRegistry);
        HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager);

        //建立自定义的httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager).build();
//        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        
        //建立post方式请求对象
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        
        //装填参数
        List<NameValuePair> nvps = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
        if(map!=null){
            for (Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {
                nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
            }
        }
        //设置参数到请求对象中
        httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, encoding));

        System.out.println("请求地址："+url);
        System.out.println("请求参数："+nvps.toString());
        
        //设置header信息
        //指定报文头【Content-type】、【User-Agent】
        httpPost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
        httpPost.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.0; Windows NT; DigExt)");
        
        //执行请求操做，并拿到结果（同步阻塞）
        CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPost);
        //获取结果实体
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
        if (entity != null) {
            //按指定编码转换结果实体为String类型
            body = EntityUtils.toString(entity, encoding);
        }
        EntityUtils.consume(entity);
        //释放连接
        response.close();
        return body;
    }