静态路由是指手工配置的路由信息。
拓扑网络
R1 interface Ethernet0/0/0 ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 interface Serial0/0/0 link-protocol ppp ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.0 R2 interface Serial0/0/0 link-protocol ppp ip address 10.0.23.2 255.255.255.0 interface Serial0/0/1 link-protocol ppp ip address 10.0.12.2 255.255.255.0 R3 interface Ethernet0/0/0 ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0 interface Serial0/0/1 link-protocol ppp ip address 10.0.23.1 255.255.255.0
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.12.2 [r2]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.23.1 [r1]ip route-static 10.0.23.0 24 Serial 0/0/0 [r2]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 10.0.12.1 [r3]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.23.2 [r3]ip route-static 10.0.12.0 24 Serial 0/0/1
[r1]dis ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 9 Routes : 9 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.1 Serial0/0/0 10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Serial0/0/0 10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.2 Serial0/0/0 10.0.23.0/24 Static 60 0 D 10.0.12.1 Serial0/0/0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 192.168.10.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.10.1 Ethernet0/0/0 192.168.10.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Ethernet0/0/0 192.168.20.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.12.2 Serial0/0/0
浮动静态路由(Floating Static Route)是一种特殊的静态路由,经过配置去往相同的目的网段,但优先级不一样的静态路由,以保证网络中优先级较高的路由,即主路由失效的状况下, 提供备份路由。正常状况下,备份路由不会出如今路由表中。负载均衡
R1 interface Serial0/0/0 link-protocol ppp ip address 10.0.10.1 255.255.255.0 interface Serial0/0/1 link-protocol ppp ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.0 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 R2 interface Serial0/0/0 link-protocol ppp ip address 10.0.10.2 255.255.255.0 interface Serial0/0/3 link-protocol ppp ip address 10.0.11.2 255.255.255.0 R3 interface Serial0/0/1 link-protocol ppp ip address 10.0.12.2 255.255.255.0 interface Serial0/0/2 link-protocol ppp ip address 10.0.11.1 255.255.255.0 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 Serial 0/0/1 [r2]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 Serial 0/0/0 [r2]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 Serial 0/0/1 [r3]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 Serial 0/0/1
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 10.0.10.2 preference 100 [r3]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 10.0.11.2 preference 100
[r1]dis ip routing-table protocol static Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Public routing table : Static Destinations : 1 Routes : 2 Configured Routes : 2 Static routing table status : <Active> Destinations : 1 Routes : 1 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 192.168.20.0/24 Static 60 0 D 10.0.12.1 Serial0/0/1 Static routing table status : <Inactive> Destinations : 1 Routes : 1 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 192.168.20.0/24 Static 100 0 R 10.0.10.2 Serial0/0/0
负载均衡(Load sharing)能实现链路冗余,数据分流,减轻单链路负载太重;经过配置优先级和开销来实现ide
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 Serial 0/0/0 [r3]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 Serial 0/0/2
[r1]dis ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 11 Routes : 12 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 10.0.10.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.10.1 Serial0/0/0 10.0.10.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Serial0/0/0 10.0.10.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.10.2 Serial0/0/0 10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.1 Serial0/0/1 10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Serial0/0/1 10.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.2 Serial0/0/1 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 192.168.10.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.10.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 192.168.10.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 192.168.20.0/24 Static 60 0 D 10.0.12.1 Serial0/0/1 Static 60 0 D 10.0.10.1 Serial0/0/0
参考HCNA网络技术实验指南oop