《Netkiller Java 手札》· 二进制文件操做大全

本文节选自《Netkiller Java 手札》git

Netkiller Java 手札

Mr. Neo Chan, 陈景峯(BG7NYT)

中国广东省深圳市望海路半岛城邦三期 518067 +86 13113668890 <netkiller@msn.com>github

$Id: book.xml 606 2013-05-29 09:52:58Z netkiller $编程

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1.10.12. 二进制文件操做大全

1.10.12.1. 理解二进制文件

咱们运行下面一段程序,向文件 netkiller.bin 中写入一个整形数值 1 ,而后观察文件变化

String filename = "netkiller.bin";
		DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename));
		out.writeInt(1);
		out.close();

打开终端,使用 xxd 命令查看二进制文件

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % xxd -b netkiller.bin 
00000000: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001                    ....

能够看到一串二进制 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001,运行下面程序能够讲二进制转换为十进制,注意替换掉空格。

int n = Integer.valueOf("00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001".replaceAll(" ", ""), 2);
		System.out.println(n);

运行结果是 1 ,为什前面那么多 0 呢?请运行下面一段程序

String filename = "netkiller.bin";
		DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename));
		out.writeInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
		out.close();

如今观察结果

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % xxd -b netkiller.bin
00000000: 01111111 11111111 11111111 11111111                    ....
int n = Integer.valueOf("01111111 11111111 11111111 11111111".replaceAll(" ", ""), 2);
		System.out.println(n);

输出结果是 2147483647, 这是 int 得最大值,2147483647 + 1 会怎么样呢?

String filename = "netkiller.bin";
		DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename));
		out.writeInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE + 1);
		out.close();

		System.out.println(Integer.MAX_VALUE + 1);

输出结果是 -2147483648,正确应该是 2147483648 这就是整形溢出。整形变量得二进制表示方法是4个字节长度32位 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 到 01111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 , 其中第一位0表示正数1表示负数。

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % xxd -b netkiller.bin
00000000: 10000000 00000000 00000000 00000000                    ....

整形溢出演示,超出整形范围怎么办? 使用 Long 型。

System.out.println(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
System.out.println(Integer.MAX_VALUE + 1);
System.out.println(Integer.MIN_VALUE);
System.out.println(Integer.MIN_VALUE - 1);

输出结果以下:

2147483647
-2147483648
-2147483648
2147483647

负数演示

String filename = "netkiller.bin";
		DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename));
		out.writeInt(-1);
		out.writeInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE + 1);
		out.close();

-1 得结果是 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % xxd -b netkiller.bin
00000000: 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111                    ....

如今咱们存储两个整形数值

String filename = "netkiller.bin";
		DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename));
		out.writeInt(1);
		out.writeInt(-1);
		out.close();

很清楚的看到里面有两个数值,1 和 -1 

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % xxd -c 4 -b netkiller.bin
00000000: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001  ....
00000004: 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111  ....

读取二进制文件中的 int 数据

DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename)));
		try {
			int i = in.readInt();
			System.out.println(i);
		} catch (EOFException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

1.10.12.2. byte 类型

String filename = "netkiller.bin";
		DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename));
		out.writeByte(1);
		out.close();

byte 只占用一个字节8位

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % xxd -c 4 -b netkiller.bin
00000000: 00000001

若是写入 -1 结果是,由此得出 第一位 0 是正数,1 是负数,能够得出他的取值范围 -128 ~ 127。超出范围也会溢出。

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % xxd -c 4 -b netkiller.bin
00000000: 11111111

经常写入最小值与最大值

String filename = "netkiller.bin";
		DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename));
		out.writeByte(Byte.MIN_VALUE);
		out.writeByte(Byte.MAX_VALUE);
		out.close();

运行结果

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % xxd -c 1 -b netkiller.bin
00000000: 10000000  .
00000001: 01111111  .

写入一个字符

String filename = "netkiller.bin";
		DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename));
		out.writeBytes("a");
		out.close();

写入结果

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % xxd -c 1 -b netkiller.bin
00000000: 01100001  a

从 ASCII 表中查出 01100001 十进制 97 十六进制 61 对应字母 a

写入一段字符串

String filename = "netkiller.bin";
		DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename));
		out.writeBytes("http://www.netkiller.cn");
		out.close();

运行结果

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % xxd -c 8 -b netkiller.bin
00000000: 01101000 01110100 01110100 01110000 00111010 00101111 00101111 01110111  http://w
00000008: 01110111 01110111 00101110 01101110 01100101 01110100 01101011 01101001  ww.netki
00000010: 01101100 01101100 01100101 01110010 00101110 01100011 01101110           ller.cn

读取二进制文件中的 byte 字符串,readAllBytes() 能够一次读取全部 byte 到 byte[] 中。

DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename)));
		try {
			System.out.println(new String(in.readAllBytes()));
		} catch (EOFException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

readByte() 逐字节读取

DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename)));
		try {
			char c = ' ';
			while (true) {
				try {
					c = (char) in.readByte();
					System.out.print(c);

				} catch (EOFException e) {
					System.out.println();
					break;
				}
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

如今咱们已经掌握了 byte 的操做方法,如今咱们来作一个例子,读取 int 数据,int 是由 4 个字节组成一组。因此咱们每次取 4个字节。

// 这个例子中,咱们写入三个数值到 netkiller.bin 文件,分别是 1024,-128,2147483647
		String filename = "netkiller.bin";
		DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename));
		out.writeInt(1024);
		out.writeInt(-128);
		out.writeInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
		out.close();

二进制文件以下

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % xxd -c 4 -b netkiller.bin
00000000: 00000000 00000000 00000100 00000000  ....
00000004: 11111111 11111111 11111111 10000000  ....
00000008: 01111111 11111111 11111111 11111111  ....

从二进制文件读出 int 数据。

String filename = "netkiller.bin";
		FileInputStream stream = new FileInputStream(filename);

		byte[] buffer = new byte[4];

		while (stream.read(buffer) != -1) {
			ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer);
			System.out.println(byteBuffer.getInt());
		}

运行结果

1024
-128
2147483647

1.10.12.3. boolean 布尔型

咱们想文件写入两个布尔类型,一个是 true, 另外一个是 false

String filename = "netkiller.bin";
		DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename));
		out.writeBoolean(true);
		out.writeBoolean(false);
		out.close();

运行结果能够看出 boolean 使用了一个字节,最后一位 1 表示true, 0 表示 false。因此对于二进制文件最小单位就是 byte 字节,虽然boolean型只须要一个 1 bit 位,可是存储的最小单位是字节,因此前面须要补7个零 0000000。

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % xxd -c 1 -b netkiller.bin
00000000: 00000001  .
00000001: 00000000  .

使用 ls 命令能够看这个文件占用了 2B(两个字节)

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % ll netkiller.bin 
-rw-r--r--  1 neo  staff     2B Oct 18 13:47 netkiller.bin

读取二进制文件中的 boolean 数据

DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename)));
		try {
			boolean bool = in.readBoolean();
			System.out.println(bool);
		} catch (EOFException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

1.10.12.4. Long 型

String filename = "netkiller.bin";
		DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename));
		out.writeLong(1);
		out.close();

有了上面 int 型数据的经验,下面一看你就会明白。long 型采用 8 个字节保存数据,是 int 的一倍。取值范围这里就很少说了,也会存在溢出现象。

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % xxd -c 8 -b netkiller.bin
00000000: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001  ........

取值范围

String filename = "netkiller.bin";
		DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename));
		out.writeLong(Long.MIN_VALUE);
		out.writeLong(Long.MAX_VALUE);
		out.close();

输出文件

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % xxd -c 8 -b netkiller.bin
00000000: 10000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000  ........
00000008: 01111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111  ........

读取二进制文件中的 long 数据

DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename)));
		try {
		
			long l = in.readLong();
			System.out.println(l);

		} catch (EOFException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

1.10.12.5. chat 类型

有符号 signed char 类型的范围为 -128~127

无符号 unsigned char 的范围为0~ 255

char 与 byte 操做相似,咱们首先去 ASCII 表查找字符 A 对应 65,咱们将 65 写入二进制文件。而后读取该字符,输出结果是 A。

String filename = "netkiller.bin";
		DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename));
		out.writeChar(65);
		out.close();
		
		DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename)));
		try {

			char c = in.readChar();
			System.out.println(c);

		} catch (EOFException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

从二进制文件中咱们能够看到 char 类型占用2个字节16位

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % xxd -c 2 -b netkiller.bin
00000000: 00000000 01000001  .A

使用 writeChars()写入字符串到二进制文件

String filename = "netkiller.bin";
		DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename));
		out.writeChars("http://www.netkiller.cn");
		out.close();
		
		DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename)));

		char c = ' ';
		while (true) {
			try {
				c = in.readChar();
				System.out.print(c);

			} catch (EOFException e) {
				System.out.println();
				break;
			}
		}

二进制文件以下,你会发现第一个字节没有用到,不少 00000000 因此若是存储英文 byte 更适合,char 是双倍 byte 开销。

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % xxd -c 8 -b netkiller.bin 
00000000: 00000000 01101000 00000000 01110100 00000000 01110100 00000000 01110000  .h.t.t.p
00000008: 00000000 00111010 00000000 00101111 00000000 00101111 00000000 01110111  .:././.w
00000010: 00000000 01110111 00000000 01110111 00000000 00101110 00000000 01101110  .w.w...n
00000018: 00000000 01100101 00000000 01110100 00000000 01101011 00000000 01101001  .e.t.k.i
00000020: 00000000 01101100 00000000 01101100 00000000 01100101 00000000 01110010  .l.l.e.r
00000028: 00000000 00101110 00000000 01100011 00000000 01101110                    ...c.n

存储汉字

String filename = "netkiller.bin";
		DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename));
		String s = "陈";
		char name = s.charAt(s.length() - 1);
		out.writeChar(name);
		out.close();
		
		DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename)));

		char c = ' ';
		while (true) {
			try {
				c = in.readChar();
				System.out.print(c);

			} catch (EOFException e) {
				System.out.println();
				break;
			}
		}

二进制文件以下,使用两个字节表示一个汉字

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % xxd -c 2 -b netkiller.bin
00000000: 10010110 01001000  .H

转成 Hex 十六进制,获得 96 48 两个数字。

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % hexdump  netkiller.bin 
0000000 96 48                                          
0000002

如今去搜索引擎搜索“汉字内码”,而后查询“陈”这个汉字,能够看到 Unicode编码16进制就是 96 48

尝试写入汉字字符串

String filename = "netkiller.bin";
		DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename));
		out.writeChars("陈景峰");
		out.close();

		DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename)));
		try {
			char c = ' ';
			while (true) {
				try {
					c = in.readChar();
					System.out.print(c);

				} catch (EOFException e) {
					System.out.println();
					break;
				}
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % xxd -b netkiller.bin 
00000000: 10010110 01001000 01100110 01101111 01011100 11110000  .Hfo\.

1.10.12.6. UTF 字符串

此次咱们使用新的文件名 netkiller.txt

String filename = "netkiller.txt";
		DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename));
	
		out.writeUTF("峰");

		out.close();

		DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename)));
		try {
			System.out.println(in.readUTF());
		} catch (EOFException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

查看二进制文件,一个汉字怎么这么多字节?

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % xxd -b netkiller.txt    
00000000: 00000000 00000011 11100101 10110011 10110000           .....

转成 16 禁止看看。

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % hexdump netkiller.txt
0000000 00 03 e5 b3 b0                                 
0000005

咱们在网上查询 “峰” 字的汉字内码,能够看到UTF-8 内码是 E5 B3 B0。这是由于UTF8使用三个字节存储汉字。 00000000 00000011 多是 UTF 标志位,具体我也不太清楚,总之不是 BOM 信息。

咱们如今写入一个字符串试试

out.writeUTF("陈景峰");

xxd -s 2 -c 3 表示跳过两个字节,三列显示

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % xxd -s 2 -c 3 -b netkiller.txt
00000002: 11101001 10011001 10001000  ...
00000005: 11100110 10011001 10101111  ...
00000008: 11100101 10110011 10110000  ...

UTF字符是能够直接使用文本工具查看的。

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % cat netkiller.txt 
	陈景峰

1.10.12.7. Short 类型

String filename = "netkiller.bin";
		DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename));

		out.writeShort(1);

		out.flush();
		out.close();

输出结果,Short 使用两个字节16位表示。

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % xxd -c 2 -b netkiller.bin
00000000: 00000000 00000001  ..

Short 分为有符号和无符号类型

String filename = "netkiller.bin";
		DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename));

		out.writeShort(1);
		out.writeShort(1);
		out.writeShort(-1);
		out.writeShort(-1);

		out.flush();
		out.close();


		DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename)));
		try {
			System.out.println(in.readShort());
			System.out.println(in.readUnsignedShort());
			System.out.println(in.readShort());
			System.out.println(in.readUnsignedShort());
		} catch (EOFException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

运行结果

1
1
-1
65535

有符号的取值范围

最小值:Short.MIN_VALUE=-32768 (-2的15此方)
最大值:Short.MAX_VALUE=32767 (2的15次方-1)

无符号的取值范围是 0 ~ 65535

1.10.12.8. float 单精度浮点类型

String filename = "netkiller.bin";
		DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename));

		out.writeFloat(0);
		out.writeFloat(1.0f);
		out.writeFloat(1.1f);
		out.flush();
		out.close();

		DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename)));

		float c = 0;
		while (true) {
			try {
				c = in.readFloat();
				System.out.println(c);

			} catch (EOFException e) {
				System.out.println();
				break;
			}
		}

float 使用 4 字节 32 为表示浮点类型,float 不一样于前面数据类型,没法直接读取浮点数,须要通过计算才能得出,有点复杂。

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % xxd -c 4 -b netkiller.bin
00000000: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000  ....
00000004: 00111111 10000000 00000000 00000000  ?...
00000008: 00111111 10001100 11001100 11001101  ?...

浮点型示意图

/------------- 32 bit ----------------\
 | 1 |     8  |           23            |
 |--------------------------------------|
 31 30        22                        0
  ^       ^               ^
符号位   指数位     	    尾数部分         32位

首先float二进制是从后向前读。与上面全部类型相反。
符号位(Sign) : 0表明正,1表明为负
指数位(Exponent):用于存储科学计数法中的指数数据,而且采用移位存储
尾数部分(Mantissa):尾数部分


将一个内存存储的float二进制格式转化为十进制的步骤: 
(1)将第22位到第0位的二进制数写出来,在最左边补一位“1”,获得二十四位有效数字。将小数点点在最左边那个“1”的右边。 
(2)取出第29到第23位所表示的值n。当30位是“0”时将n各位求反。当30位是“1”时将n增1。 
(3)将小数点左移n位(当30位是“0”时)或右移n位(当30位是“1”时),获得一个二进制表示的实数。 
(4)将这个二进制实数化为十进制,并根据第31位是“0”仍是“1”加上正号或负号便可。


1.0f = 00111111 10000000 00000000 00000000

Sign 31 位是 0 表示正数
Exponent 23~30 位 0111111 1
Mantissa 0~22 位 0000000 00000000 00000000

获得

| 0 | 0111111 1 | 0000000 00000000 00000000 |

具体细节请参考 IEEE R32.24

1.10.12.9. double 数据类型

String filename = "netkiller.bin";
		DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename));
		out.writeDouble(12.5d);
		out.flush();
		out.close();

		DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename)));

		double d = 0d;
		while (true) {
			try {
				d = in.readDouble();
				System.out.println(d);

			} catch (EOFException e) {
				System.out.println();
				break;
			}
		}

二进制文件

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % xxd -c 8 -b netkiller.bin
00000000: 01000000 00101001 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000  @)......
/------------------------- 64 bit ------------------------------\
 | 1 |    11    |           52                                    |
 |----------------------------------------------------------------|
 63 62          51                                                0
  ^         ^                  ^
符号位     指数位       	    尾数部分                              64位

首先float二进制是从后向前读。与上面全部类型相反。
符号位(Sign) : 0表明正,1表明为负
指数位(Exponent):用于存储科学计数法中的指数数据,而且采用移位存储
尾数部分(Mantissa):尾数部分
			
详细参加考 IEEE R64.53

1.10.12.10. 全部类型演示一遍

String filename = "netkiller.bin";
		DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename));
		out.writeInt(1024);
		out.writeShort(255);
		out.writeLong(100000000000L);
		out.writeFloat(3.14f);
		out.writeDouble(3.141592653579d);
		out.writeBoolean(true);
		out.writeChar(165);
		out.writeChars("陈景峰");
		out.writeUTF("Netkiller Java 手札 - http://www.netkiller.cn");
		out.writeChars("这是最后一行\r\n");
		out.flush();
		out.close();

		DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filename)));

		System.out.println(in.readInt());
		System.out.println(in.readUnsignedShort());
		System.out.println(in.readLong());
		System.out.println(in.readFloat());
		System.out.println(in.readDouble());
		System.out.println(in.readBoolean());
		System.out.println(in.readChar());

		int i = 0;
		String name = "";
		while (i < 3) {
			try {
				char c = in.readChar();
				name += c;
			} catch (EOFException e) {
				break;
			}
			i++;
		}

		System.out.println(name);
		System.out.println(in.readUTF());
		System.out.println(in.readUTF());

须要注意的一点是 out.writeChars("陈景峰"); 写入char字符串,在读取的时候你须要知道字符串的长度。而后循环取出char数据。

二进制文件内容

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % xxd -c 8 -b netkiller.bin
00000000: 00000000 00000000 00000100 00000000 00000000 11111111 00000000 00000000  ........
00000008: 00000000 00010111 01001000 01110110 11101000 00000000 01000000 01001000  ..Hv..@H
00000010: 11110101 11000011 01000000 00001001 00100001 11111011 01010100 01000011  ..@.!.TC
00000018: 11001110 00101000 00000001 00000000 10100101 10010110 01001000 01100110  .(....Hf
00000020: 01101111 01011100 11110000 00000000 00101111 01001110 01100101 01110100  o\../Net
00000028: 01101011 01101001 01101100 01101100 01100101 01110010 00100000 01001010  killer J
00000030: 01100001 01110110 01100001 00100000 11100110 10001001 10001011 11100110  ava ....
00000038: 10011100 10101101 00100000 00101101 00100000 01101000 01110100 01110100  .. - htt
00000040: 01110000 00111010 00101111 00101111 01110111 01110111 01110111 00101110  p://www.
00000048: 01101110 01100101 01110100 01101011 01101001 01101100 01101100 01100101  netkille
00000050: 01110010 00101110 01100011 01101110 10001111 11011001 01100110 00101111  r.cn..f/
00000058: 01100111 00000000 01010100 00001110 01001110 00000000 10001000 01001100  g.T.N..L
00000060: 00000000 00001101 00000000 00001010                                      ....

16 进制编辑器更好阅读一些

neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace/netkiller % hexdump -C netkiller.bin 
00000000  00 00 04 00 00 ff 00 00  00 17 48 76 e8 00 40 48  |..........Hv..@H|
00000010  f5 c3 40 09 21 fb 54 43  ce 28 01 00 a5 96 48 66  |..@.!.TC.(....Hf|
00000020  6f 5c f0 00 2f 4e 65 74  6b 69 6c 6c 65 72 20 4a  |o\../Netkiller J|
00000030  61 76 61 20 e6 89 8b e6  9c ad 20 2d 20 68 74 74  |ava ...... - htt|
00000040  70 3a 2f 2f 77 77 77 2e  6e 65 74 6b 69 6c 6c 65  |p://www.netkille|
00000050  72 2e 63 6e 8f d9 66 2f  67 00 54 0e 4e 00 88 4c  |r.cn..f/g.T.N..L|
00000060  00 0d 00 0a                                       |....|
00000064
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