每天生鲜项目学习之-项目建立

时间 2019-12-04

标签每天项目学习建立繁體版

原文原文链接

在这边我是基于Macpython

项目建立

项目建立以前咱们新建一个数据库, 下面是操做步骤mysql

xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:bin xxzx$ /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 114
Server version: 8.0.12 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| bj18               |
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.10 sec)

mysql> create database dailyfresh charset=utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.09 sec)
mysql>  show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| bj18               |
| dailyfresh         |
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> use dailyfresh;
Database changed
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要注意的是,若是咱们链接的不是本地的数据库, 咱们须要作一些特殊配置. 这里我使用本机作一下操做git

首先咱们要修改当前数据库绑定的ip地址, 找到正确路径下的配置

1. 打开终端Terminal

在 PyCharm 中也能够经过终端操做, 在这里咱们经过PyCharm内的终端打开sql

xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:bin xxzx$ cd ~/Desktop/python/bj18/
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:bj18 xxzx$ django-admin startproject dailyfresh
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:bj18 xxzx$ cd dailyfresh/
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:dailyfresh xxzx$ ls
dailyfresh      manage.py
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:dailyfresh xxzx$ python3 manage.py startapp user
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:dailyfresh xxzx$ python3 manage.py startapp goods
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:dailyfresh xxzx$ python3 manage.py startapp cart
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:dailyfresh xxzx$ python3 manage.py startapp order
xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:dailyfresh xxzx$ ls
cart            dailyfresh      goods           manage.py       order           user

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经过PyCharm打开项目

通常状况下, 项目的应用比较多,咱们会在项目中新建一个 package 把全部的应用放到这个文件夹下面数据库

咱们以后要在注册的应用中添加以下

若是咱们将来方便,不想写如 apps.user 这种咱们能够本身定义搜索路径,以下django

其中的 BASE_DIR 至关于当前项目的目录直接拼接便可,这样咱们在下面 INSTALLED_APPS 中直接输入便可,以下bash

以后咱们作一些基础配置,templates, 新增文件夹微信

配置静态文件路径session

在每一个应用中添加一个urls.py文件app

新建一个 package 的 db 文件夹做为抽象基类

在当前项目中须要用到 tinymce 这个安装包咱们能够在 PyCharm 的底部找到 Terminal 以下图

在这里安装, 会自动安装到当前环境中, 这这里咱们须要作以下配置

根据咱们分析页面中数据库表中

分别在每一个应用中新建模型,具体代码以下

user

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
from db.base_model import BaseModel
# Create your models here.


class User(AbstractUser, BaseModel):
    '''用户模型类'''

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_user'
        verbose_name = '用户'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Address(BaseModel):
    '''地址模型类'''
    user = models.ForeignKey('User', verbose_name='所属帐户')
    receiver = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='收件人')
    addr = models.CharField(max_length=256, verbose_name='收件地址')
    zip_code = models.CharField(max_length=6, null=True, verbose_name='邮政编码')
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name='联系电话')
    is_default = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name='是否默认')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_address'
        verbose_name = '地址'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

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goods

from django.db import models
from db.base_model import BaseModel
from tinymce.models import HTMLField
# Create your models here.


class GoodsType(BaseModel):
    '''商品类型模型类'''
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='种类名称')
    logo = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='标识')
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='type', verbose_name='商品类型图片')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_goods_type'
        verbose_name = '商品种类'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class GoodsSKU(BaseModel):
    '''商品SKU模型类'''
    status_choices = (
        (0, '下线'),
        (1, '上线'),
    )
    type = models.ForeignKey('GoodsType', verbose_name='商品种类')
    goods = models.ForeignKey('Goods', verbose_name='商品SPU')
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='商品名称')
    desc = models.CharField(max_length=256, verbose_name='商品简介')
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='商品价格')
    unite = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='商品单位')
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='goods', verbose_name='商品图片')
    stock = models.IntegerField(default=1, verbose_name='商品库存')
    sales = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='商品销量')
    status = models.SmallIntegerField(default=1, choices=status_choices, verbose_name='商品状态')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_goods_sku'
        verbose_name = '商品'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Goods(BaseModel):
    '''商品SPU模型类'''
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='商品SPU名称')
    # 富文本类型:带有格式的文本
    detail = HTMLField(blank=True, verbose_name='商品详情')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_goods'
        verbose_name = '商品SPU'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class GoodsImage(BaseModel):
    '''商品图片模型类'''
    sku = models.ForeignKey('GoodsSKU', verbose_name='商品')
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='goods', verbose_name='图片路径')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_goods_image'
        verbose_name = '商品图片'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class IndexGoodsBanner(BaseModel):
    '''首页轮播商品展现模型类'''
    sku = models.ForeignKey('GoodsSKU', verbose_name='商品')
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='banner', verbose_name='图片')
    index = models.SmallIntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='展现顺序')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_index_banner'
        verbose_name = '首页轮播商品'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class IndexTypeGoodsBanner(BaseModel):
    '''首页分类商品展现模型类'''
    DISPLAY_TYPE_CHOICES = (
        (0, "标题"),
        (1, "图片")
    )

    type = models.ForeignKey('GoodsType', verbose_name='商品类型')
    sku = models.ForeignKey('GoodsSKU', verbose_name='商品SKU')
    display_type = models.SmallIntegerField(default=1, choices=DISPLAY_TYPE_CHOICES, verbose_name='展现类型')
    index = models.SmallIntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='展现顺序')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_index_type_goods'
        verbose_name = "主页分类展现商品"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class IndexPromotionBanner(BaseModel):
    '''首页促销活动模型类'''
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='活动名称')
    url = models.URLField(verbose_name='活动连接')
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='banner', verbose_name='活动图片')
    index = models.SmallIntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='展现顺序')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_index_promotion'
        verbose_name = "主页促销活动"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

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cart

from django.db import models
from db.base_model import BaseModel
# Create your models here.


class OrderInfo(BaseModel):
    '''订单模型类'''
    PAY_METHOD_CHOICES = (
        (1, '货到付款'),
        (2, '微信支付'),
        (3, '支付宝'),
        (4, '银联支付')
    )

    ORDER_STATUS_CHOICES = (
        (1, '待支付'),
        (2, '待发货'),
        (3, '待收货'),
        (4, '待评价'),
        (5, '已完成')
    )

    order_id = models.CharField(max_length=128, primary_key=True, verbose_name='订单id')
    user = models.ForeignKey('user.User', verbose_name='用户')
    addr = models.ForeignKey('user.Address', verbose_name='地址')
    pay_method = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=PAY_METHOD_CHOICES, default=3, verbose_name='支付方式')
    total_count = models.IntegerField(default=1, verbose_name='商品数量')
    total_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='商品总价')
    transit_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2,verbose_name='订单运费')
    order_status = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=ORDER_STATUS_CHOICES, default=1, verbose_name='订单状态')
    trade_no = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name='支付编号')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_order_info'
        verbose_name = '订单'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class OrderGoods(BaseModel):
    '''订单商品模型类'''
    order = models.ForeignKey('OrderInfo', verbose_name='订单')
    sku = models.ForeignKey('goods.GoodsSKU', verbose_name='商品SKU')
    count = models.IntegerField(default=1, verbose_name='商品数目')
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='商品价格')
    comment = models.CharField(max_length=256, verbose_name='评论')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_order_goods'
        verbose_name = '订单商品'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

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order

from django.db import models
from db.base_model import BaseModel
# Create your models here.


class OrderInfo(BaseModel):
    '''订单模型类'''
    PAY_METHOD_CHOICES = (
        (1, '货到付款'),
        (2, '微信支付'),
        (3, '支付宝'),
        (4, '银联支付')
    )

    ORDER_STATUS_CHOICES = (
        (1, '待支付'),
        (2, '待发货'),
        (3, '待收货'),
        (4, '待评价'),
        (5, '已完成')
    )

    order_id = models.CharField(max_length=128, primary_key=True, verbose_name='订单id')
    user = models.ForeignKey('user.User', verbose_name='用户')
    addr = models.ForeignKey('user.Address', verbose_name='地址')
    pay_method = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=PAY_METHOD_CHOICES, default=3, verbose_name='支付方式')
    total_count = models.IntegerField(default=1, verbose_name='商品数量')
    total_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='商品总价')
    transit_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2,verbose_name='订单运费')
    order_status = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=ORDER_STATUS_CHOICES, default=1, verbose_name='订单状态')
    trade_no = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name='支付编号')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_order_info'
        verbose_name = '订单'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class OrderGoods(BaseModel):
    '''订单商品模型类'''
    order = models.ForeignKey('OrderInfo', verbose_name='订单')
    sku = models.ForeignKey('goods.GoodsSKU', verbose_name='商品SKU')
    count = models.IntegerField(default=1, verbose_name='商品数目')
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='商品价格')
    comment = models.CharField(max_length=256, verbose_name='评论')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_order_goods'
        verbose_name = '订单商品'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

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接下来咱们指定当前django系统使用的模型类

当咱们使用

xxzxdeMacBook-Pro:dailyfresh xxzx$ python manage.py create superuser

这条命令去建立用户的时候, django 会使用本身默认的模型类为咱们建立帐户具体帐户信息以下下面是例子代码

mysql> show tables;
+----------------------------+
| Tables_in_bj18             |
+----------------------------+
| auth_group                 |
| auth_group_permissions     |
| auth_permission            |
| auth_user                  |
| auth_user_groups           |
| auth_user_user_permissions |
| booktest_bookinfo          |
| booktest_heroinfo          |
| django_admin_log           |
| django_content_type        |
| django_migrations          |
| django_session             |
+----------------------------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 
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咱们会看到有一个 auth_user 这个表, 会有一个默认的 auth_user_model. 若是咱们不指定的话, 就是使用这个默认的model, 因此咱们在使用 python manage.py create superuser 命令去建立内容的时候, 就会默认放到 auth_user 这个表里, 因此咱们须要使用以下方式指定使用的模型类

mysql> desc auth_user;
+--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field        | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id           | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| password     | varchar(128) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| last_login   | datetime(6)  | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| is_superuser | tinyint(1)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| username     | varchar(30)  | NO   | UNI | NULL    |                |
| first_name   | varchar(30)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| last_name    | varchar(30)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| email        | varchar(254) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| is_staff     | tinyint(1)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| is_active    | tinyint(1)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| date_joined  | datetime(6)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+--------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
11 rows in set (0.03 sec)
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下面记录一下遇到的问题

Django 2.0以后使用了新的方式,若是咱们创建了 apps 文件夹咱们在 project 下的 settings.py 中使用 'apps.user' 的方式引用

在 project 的 urls.py 下咱们若是想要使用命名空间, 以下的方式, 咱们须要在 apps 下的 user 这个应用中的 urls.py 这个文件中增长 app_name = 'user' 以下图,不然会出问题(出现以下报错)

django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Specifying a namespace in include() without providing an app_name is not supported. Set the app_name attribute in the included module, or pass a 2-tuple containing the list of patterns and app_name instead.