【RMAN】SPFILE的恢复方式有哪几种？

时间 2021-08-13

标签数据库 oracle app dom ide spa .net rest 日志 orm 栏目 SQL 繁體版

原文原文链接

真题一、SPFILE的恢复方式有哪几种？数据库

答案：在数据库尚未关闭的状况下，能够使用以下的SQL从内存中恢复数据库的参数：oracle

create spfile from memory;app

create spfile='/home/oracle/spfileOCPLHR1.ora' from memory;dom

create pfile from memory;ide

create spfile from pfile;spa

除非必要，应该将如下划线开头的隐含参数删掉：.net

grep -v '^(_|#).' initlhrdb.ora > initlhrdb.ora2rest

若是数据库已经关闭，可是存在SPFILE的RMAN备份，那么能够使用以下的方式进行恢复：日志

l 若是知道数据库的DBID，那么能够按照以下步骤进行恢复：orm

startup nomount

set dbid 9815108;

restore spfile from autobackup;--已链接到了catalog恢复目录数据库

shutdown immediate

set dbid 9815108;

startup;

l 若是不知道数据库的DBID，那么能够按照以下步骤进行恢复：

①　startup nomount;

②　restore spfile from '备份文件';

③　shutdown immediate;

④　startup;

l 若是没有关于SPFILE的RMAN备份，那么能够从告警日志中获取数据库启动所须要的参数。

& 说明：

有关SPFILE的恢复能够参考个人BLOG：http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-2152507/

4.5.2 spfile 丢失

4.5.2.1 数据库没有挂掉

create spfile from memory;

create spfile='/home/oracle/spfileOCPLHR1.ora' from memory;

create pfile from memory;

create spfile from pfile;

除非必要，应该将如下划线开头的隐含参数删掉：

grep -v '^(_|#).' initlhrdb.ora > initlhrdb.ora2

4.5.2.2 数据库已经挂掉

1、从rman的自动备份中找回

若是知道数据库的DBID，那么：

startup nomount

set dbid 9815108;

restore spfile from autobackup;--已链接到了catalog恢复目录数据库

shutdown immediate

set dbid 9815108;

startup;

若是不知道dbid能够这样作：

①　startup nomount;

②　restore spfile from '备份文件';

③　shutdown immediate;

④　startup;

restore spfile from autobackup; 能够成功的前提是链接到了catalog恢复目录数据库。

[oracle@OCPLHR dbs]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sun Mar 25 20:29:42 2018

connected to target database (not started)

RMAN> startup nomount

startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initOCPLHR1.ora'

starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area 158662656 bytes

Fixed Size 2226456 bytes

Variable Size 130025192 bytes

Database Buffers 20971520 bytes

Redo Buffers 5439488 bytes

RMAN> restore spfile from autobackup;

Starting restore at 2018-03-25 20:30:08

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=429 device type=DISK

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 03/25/2018 20:30:08

RMAN-06495: must explicitly specify DBID with SET DBID command

RMAN> SET DBID 2909198110

executing command: SET DBID

RMAN> restore spfile from autobackup;

Starting restore at 2018-03-25 20:30:24

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for AUTOBACKUP on day: 20180325

channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for AUTOBACKUP on day: 20180324

channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for AUTOBACKUP on day: 20180323

channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for AUTOBACKUP on day: 20180322

channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for AUTOBACKUP on day: 20180321

channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for AUTOBACKUP on day: 20180320

channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for AUTOBACKUP on day: 20180319

channel ORA_DISK_1: no AUTOBACKUP in 7 days found

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 03/25/2018 20:30:26

RMAN-06172: no AUTOBACKUP found or specified handle is not a valid copy or piece

RMAN> exit

Recovery Manager complete.

[oracle@OCPLHR dbs]$

[oracle@OCPLHR dbs]$ rman target / catalog rc_admin/rc_admin@ocplhr2

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sun Mar 25 20:31:23 2018

connected to target database: DUMMY (not mounted)

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00554: initialization of internal recovery manager package failed

RMAN-04004: error from recovery catalog database: ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

[oracle@OCPLHR dbs]$

[oracle@OCPLHR dbs]$ rman target / catalog rc_admin/lhr@ocplhr2

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sun Mar 25 20:31:32 2018

connected to target database: DUMMY (not mounted)

connected to recovery catalog database

RMAN>

RMAN> restore spfile from autobackup;

Starting restore at 2018-03-25 20:31:38

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=429 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for AUTOBACKUP on day: 20180325

channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for AUTOBACKUP on day: 20180324

channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for AUTOBACKUP on day: 20180323

channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for AUTOBACKUP on day: 20180322

channel ORA_DISK_1: AUTOBACKUP found: /bak/cf_c-2909198110-20180322-0e.ctl

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /bak/cf_c-2909198110-20180322-0e.ctl

channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete

Finished restore at 2018-03-25 20:31:41

RMAN> exit

Recovery Manager complete.

[oracle@OCPLHR dbs]$ ll

total 9764

-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Mar 25 20:29 hc_OCPLHR1.dat

-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Mar 22 20:02 hc_OCPLHR2.dat

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 24 Mar 25 20:26 lkDUMMY

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 24 Jan 17 20:08 lkOCPLHR1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 24 Jan 17 20:16 lkOCPLHR2

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1536 Mar 25 20:09 orapwOCPLHR1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1536 Jan 17 20:25 orapwOCPLHR2

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9945088 Mar 22 21:24 snapcf_OCPLHR1.f

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 3584 Mar 25 20:31 spfileOCPLHR1.ora

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2560 Mar 25 19:54 spfileOCPLHR2.ora

[oracle@OCPLHR dbs]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sun Mar 25 20:32:26 2018

connected to target database: DUMMY (not mounted)

RMAN> shutdown abort

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

Oracle instance shut down

RMAN> exit

Recovery Manager complete.

[oracle@OCPLHR dbs]$ echo $ORACLE_SID

OCPLHR1

[oracle@OCPLHR dbs]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sun Mar 25 20:32:47 2018

connected to target database (not started)

RMAN> startup

Oracle instance started

database mounted

database opened

Total System Global Area 521936896 bytes

Fixed Size 2229944 bytes

Variable Size 297797960 bytes

Database Buffers 213909504 bytes

Redo Buffers 7999488 bytes

RMAN>

若是不知道dbid能够这样作：

⑤　startup nomount;

⑥　restore spfile from '备份文件';

⑦　shutdown immediate;

⑧　startup;

（一）startup nomount

[oracle@OCPLHR dbs]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sun Mar 25 20:19:00 2018

connected to target database (not started)

RMAN> startup nomount

startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initOCPLHR1.ora'

starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area 158662656 bytes

Fixed Size 2226456 bytes

Variable Size 130025192 bytes

Database Buffers 20971520 bytes

Redo Buffers 5439488 bytes

RMAN>

[oracle@OCPLHR oracle]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sun Mar 25 20:22:43 2018

connected to target database: DUMMY (not mounted)

[oracle@OCPLHR ~]$ ps -ef|grep pmon

oracle 13806 1 0 18:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_OCPLHR2

oracle 15930 1 0 20:19 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_OCPLHR1

oracle 15969 15657 0 20:19 pts/0 00:00:00 grep pmon

（二）restore spfile from '备份文件'

[oracle@OCPLHR oracle]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sun Mar 25 20:22:43 2018

connected to target database: DUMMY (not mounted)

RMAN>

RMAN> restore spfile from '/bak/OCPLHR1/spfile_OCPLHR1x_1ssuevao_1_1_20180322.bak';

Starting restore at 2018-03-25 20:23:55

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=429 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /bak/OCPLHR1/spfile_OCPLHR1x_1ssuevao_1_1_20180322.bak

channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete

Finished restore at 2018-03-25 20:23:57

RMAN> exit

Recovery Manager complete.

[oracle@OCPLHR dbs]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sun Mar 25 20:27:03 2018

connected to target database: DUMMY (not mounted)

RMAN> shutdown abort

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

Oracle instance shut down

RMAN> exit

Recovery Manager complete.

[oracle@OCPLHR dbs]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sun Mar 25 20:27:12 2018

connected to target database (not started)

RMAN> startup nomount

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area 521936896 bytes

Fixed Size 2229944 bytes

Variable Size 293603656 bytes

Database Buffers 218103808 bytes

Redo Buffers 7999488 bytes

RMAN>

2、手动建立

手动建立，建立的时候参数的值能够从告警日志中找见。

Starting up:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options.

ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

System name: Linux

Node name: OCPLHR

Release: 2.6.18-194.el5

Version: #1 SMP Tue Mar 16 21:52:39 EDT 2010

Machine: x86_64

VM name: VMWare Version: 6

Using parameter settings in server-side spfile /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/spfileOCPLHR1.ora

System parameters with non-default values:

processes = 150

sga_max_size = 500M

control_files = "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCPLHR1/control01.ctl"

control_files = "/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/OCPLHR1/control02.ctl"

db_block_size = 8192

compatible = "11.2.0.0.0"

log_archive_format = "%t_%s_%r.dbf"

db_recovery_file_dest = "/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area"

db_recovery_file_dest_size= 4122M

undo_tablespace = "UNDOTBS1"

remote_login_passwordfile= "EXCLUSIVE"

db_domain = ""

dispatchers = "(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=OCPLHR1XDB)"

audit_file_dest = "/u01/app/oracle/admin/OCPLHR1/adump"

audit_trail = "DB"

db_name = "OCPLHR1"

open_cursors = 300

diagnostic_dest = "/u01/app/oracle"