selenium设置chrome浏览器保持登陆方式两种options和cookie

方法一：html

1.在初始化driver以前先设置optionspython

2.其余关于options介绍连接：http://www.cnblogs.com/baoyu7yi/p/7058537.htmlweb

3.代码chrome

from selenium import webdriver #实例化谷歌设置选项
option = webdriver.ChromeOptions() #添加保持登陆的数据路径：安装目录通常在C:\Users\黄\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data
option.add_argument(r"user-data-dir=C:\Users\黄\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data") #初始化driver
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=option) driver.get("https://ke.qq.com/") driver.maximize_window()

方法二：浏览器

1.经过F12查找到保存登陆的cookie服务器

2.cookie添加的源码解读cookie

由源码能够看出，添加的cookie是字典类型的。添加键值为name和value，还有其余可选的键。session

这些键名都表明什么意思呢？参考博文《selenium3.7+ python3 添加cookie模拟登录》，罗列以下dom

name：cookie的名称网站
value：cookie对应的值，动态生成的
domain：服务器域名
expiry：Cookie有效终止日期
path：Path属性定义了Web服务器上哪些路径下的页面可获取服务器设置的Cookie
httpOnly：防脚本攻击
secure:在Cookie中标记该变量，代表只有当浏览器和Web Server之间的通讯协议为加密认证协议时

def add_cookie(self, cookie_dict): """ Adds a cookie to your current session. :Args: - cookie_dict: A dictionary object, with required keys - "name" and "value"; optional keys - "path", "domain", "secure", "expiry" Usage: driver.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar'}) driver.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar', 'path' : '/'}) driver.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar', 'path' : '/', 'secure':True}) """ self.execute(Command.ADD_COOKIE, {'cookie': cookie_dict})

3.webdriver提供了一些操做cookie的方法。
1）get_cookies():获取全部的cookie信息
2）get_cookie(name):返回字典key为“name”的cookie信息
3）add_cookie(cookie_dict):添加cookie，“cookie_dict”指的是字典对象，必须有key和value
4）delete_cookie(name,optionsString)：删除cookie信息。name为要删除的cookie名称，optionsString指该cookie的选项，目前支持的选项包括”路径“和”域“
5）delete_all_cookies()：删除全部cookie信息。

4.例：添加一个cookie，保持登陆

from selenium import webdriver ''' 1.F12获取cookie，在添加cookie先后都要写上driver.get() 2.此处cookie获取就一个 ''' driver = webdriver.Chrome() cookie1 = {"name":"_redmine_session","value":"SzByNTJSUXBReEViVUJZd1lLRll4bnFJMW1rRHdiTFVtOXM1ck85M0tiMXB6bWRXOUxoc21leTlWVlFSQ2tHRHVrZS90dTQ0T0pZZmxjQ0dQakRNR2FuMS9keVBXWmdSMEQ3TFJ0T0JHVWlHNEsxMWVZRkdpRFR5amxLbVl5NDZaeWhDRGpHM2M4TzN5VHM4ZTZ4ckV2VWVCbTgrVEFDdVU4YjVOcDNmcHNqYUVjN082YllkUm95YzR4V2dJRkNtZVhTVkVXUHFpRmRXOFRFcXppZHl5UUw5Z1NYUEZYRWRLdTBjZVc3RU5yYz0tLXgzcmcxL2c4ODIzN2hRWnV2QVl3cEE9PQ%3D%3D--3af0df2799ffc8552ef1d9dbf7f5e90379a2ecbd"} driver.get("http://192.168.129.109/projects/ptts-1-0?jump=account") driver.add_cookie(cookie_dict=cookie1) driver.get("http://192.168.129.109/projects/ptts-1-0?jump=account")

5.例：添加两个cookie，保持登陆状态（以百度页面登陆为例）

driver1 = webdriver.Chrome() driver1.maximize_window() cookie2 = {"name":"BDUSS","value":"UJJTH5rcE9qd1VsWDZ5SzFsQkJVZUVPZTMwRi05bzg4UDE5YXJYZDAzNklkRzViQVFBQUFBJCQAAAAAAAAAAAEAAADzdT9HTGlseTAyNTE4AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIjnRluI50Zbe"} cookie3 = {"name":"BAIDUID","value":"F513A1C2ADA0A19C868F711C1792A3D0"} driver1.get("https://passport.baidu.com/center") #将获取的两个cookie都添加上
driver1.add_cookie(cookie2) driver1.add_cookie(cookie3) driver1.get("https://passport.baidu.com/center")

6.在输入如下代码会出现报错为：Message: unable to set cookie。报错信息以下

Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:/python_workshop/python6/selenium_webdriver/add_cookies的使用(二).py", line 9, in <module> driver.add_cookie(cookie_dict=cookies) File "D:\Program\python34\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 872, in add_cookie self.execute(Command.ADD_COOKIE, {'cookie': cookie_dict}) File "D:\Program\python34\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 312, in execute self.error_handler.check_response(response) File "D:\Program\python34\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 242, in check_response raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace) selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unable to set cookie (Session info: chrome=66.0.3359.139) (Driver info: chromedriver=2.35.528161 (5b82f2d2aae0ca24b877009200ced9065a772e73),platform=Windows NT 6.1.7600 x86_64)

解决方法：参考文档--https://www.cnblogs.com/CoolJayson/p/7421013.html

须要在driver.add_cookie()前加上driver1.get("url地址")。

必须首先加载网站，这样Selenium 才能知道cookie 属于哪一个网站，即便加载网站的行为对咱们没任何用处。以下代码加粗部分。

driver1 = webdriver.Chrome() driver1.maximize_window() cookie2 = {"name":"BDUSS","value":"UJJTH5rcE9qd1VsWDZ5SzFsQkJVZUVPZTMwRi05bzg4UDE5YXJYZDAzNklkRzViQVFBQUFBJCQAAAAAAAAAAAEAAADzdT9HTGlseTAyNTE4AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIjnRluI50Zbe"} cookie3 = {"name":"BAIDUID","value":"F513A1C2ADA0A19C868F711C1792A3D0"} driver1.get("https://passport.baidu.com/center") #将获取的两个cookie都添加上
driver1.add_cookie(cookie2)
driver1.add_cookie(cookie3) driver1.get("https://passport.baidu.com/center")