阿里云CentOS 7.4 配置Nginx、PHP、Mariadb

阿里云CentOS 7.4 基本环境配置

添加 yum 第三方源

经常使用的第三方源有两个：EPEL 和 IUS，可在 https://ius.io/GettingStarted/ 查看到最新的安装方法

自动安装

curl -L https://setup.ius.io | sh

手动安装（用了自动安装，这个就省略）

$ wget https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
$ wget https://centos7.iuscommunity.org/ius-release.rpm

$ rpm -ivh epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
$ rpm -ivh ius-release.rpm

安装完成更新yum源缓存

$ yum clean all
$ yum makecache

安装开发工具包

$ yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools"

升级系统软件包

$ yum -y upgrade

安装 jemalloc

$ yum -y install jemalloc

安装 redis

$ yum -y install redis

启动redis服务并设置为自动启动

$ systemctl enable redis
$ systemctl start redis

安装 Mariadb 5.5.56

安装 mariadb

$ yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server

将mariadb的数据目录移动到自定义位置

建立mariadb数据目录

# -p 参数能够自动生成完整路径，好比上面不存在/data目录，会自动建立
mkdir -p /data/mariadb

#修改目录全部者
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mariadb

配置 mariadb

#备份 mariadb-libs生成的my.cnf
mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.libs.back
#从mariadb复制配置文件
cp /usr/share/mysql/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf

修改 /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
#设置数据目录
datadir=/data/mariadb

#添加字符集设置utf8
# setting character set
init_connect = 'SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake

#修改thread_concurrentcy为CPU数量*2
thread_concurrency = 2

#添加mysqld_safe设置
[mysqld_safe]
log-error = /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
#添加jemalloc支持
malloc-lib=/usr/lib64/libjemalloc.so.1

#最末尾添加包含配置目录
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

启动 mariadb

$ systemctl start mariadb

设置mariadb服务开机启动

$ systemctl enable mariadb

初始化mariadb

#修改mysql_secure_installation，不然会出现找不到sock文件的问题
#找到make_config函数在有[mysql]这句下方增长
echo "socket=/data/mariadb/mysql.sock" >> $config
#保存退出

$ mysql_secure_installation

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password: 
Re-enter new password: 
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!


By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

安装 Nginx

$ yum -y install nginx
#设置开机启动
$ systemctl enable nginx

修改systemctl启动设置，避免没法找到pid文件的问题

$ mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service.d
$ printf "[Service]\nExecStartPost=/bin/sleep 0.1\n" > /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service.d/override.conf
$ systemctl daemon-reload

启动 nginx

$ systemctl start nginx

安装 PHP 7.1

$ yum -y install php71u-fpm php71u-fpm-nginx
$ yum -y install php71u-mbstring php71u-common php71u-gd php71u-mcrypt
$ yum -y install php71u-mysqlnd php71u-xml php71u-cli php71u-devel
$ yum -y install php71u-pecl-redis php71u-opcache

修改/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm.conf

upstream php-fpm {
        #server 127.0.0.1:9000;
        server unix:/run/php-fpm/www.sock;
}

修改/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

#修改php-fpm进程用户
user = nginx
group = nginx

#修改网络方式
;listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
listen = /run/php-fpm/www.sock

#修改生成sock的用户
listen.owner = nginx
listen.group = nginx
listen.mode = 0666

启动php-fpm

$ systemctl enable php-fpm
$ systemctl start php-fpm

配置nginx虚拟主机

设置虚拟主机

# 添加虚拟主机配置目录
$ mkdir -p /etc/nginx/vhosts.d

修改nginx配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

# 在server配置后面添加
include /etc/nginx/vhosts.d/*.conf;

到/etc/nginx/vhosts.d目录建立 aaa.conf文件，假设www.aaa.com为域名

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  www.aaa.com;
    
    access_log  /data/aaa/logs/access.log main;
    error_log   /data/aaa/logs/error.log;

    charset utf-8;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?q=$uri&$args;
        root   /data/aaa/www;
        index  index.php index.html index.htm;
    }

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on Unix socket
    
    location ~ \.php$ {
         root           /data/aaa/www;
         fastcgi_pass   php-fpm;
         fastcgi_index  index.php;
         fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
         include        fastcgi_params;
    }

    error_page 404 /404.html;
    location = /40x.html {
    }

    error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root html;
    }

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    
    location ~ /\.ht {
        deny  all;
    }
}

建立虚拟主机网页存放目录和日志目录

$ mkdir -p /data/aaa/{logs,www}

建立一个测试文件

echo "<?php phpinfo();" > /data/aaa/www/index.php

重启动nginx和php-fpm

$ systemctl restart nginx
$ systemctl restart php-fpm

用浏览器访问域名看看是否看到phpinfo页面