sql --mysql主从复制

时间 2019-12-06

标签 sql mysql 主从复制栏目 SQL 繁體版

原文原文链接

基于windows平台，mysql版本mysql-5.7.14-winx64，步骤以下
###1.建立两个mysql实例
详见http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-qktxkfpy-de.html
###2.查看mysql官网
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication.html
###3.配置master
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication-howto-masterbaseconfig.html
个人配置以下html

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
basedir = E:\mysql-5.7.14-winx64\mysql-5.7.14-winx64
datadir = E:\mysql-5.7.14-winx64\mysql-5.7.14-winx64\data
port = 3306
server_id = 1
#开启二进制日志
log-bin= master-bin

备注：咱们下载的mysql.zip，默认配置文件是my-default.ini，可是mysql文档描述以下mysql

To configure the binary log and server ID options, shut down the MySQL server and edit the my.cnf or my.ini file. Within the [mysqld] section of the configuration file, add the log-bin and server-id options. If these options already exist, but are commented out, uncomment the options and alter them according to your needs. For example, to enable binary logging using a log file name prefix of mysql-bin, and configure a server ID of 1, use these lines:

我试过my-default.ini，可是没有成功，所以这里手动的将配置文件的名称改为my.ini。master数据库改了，slave数据库也要修改，slave修改了以后，mysql2启动不起来，同时要修改windows注册表里面的信息。
###4.启动master
####1.启动mastersql

E:\mysql-5.7.14-winx64\mysql-5.7.14-winx64\bin>net start mysql
MySQL 服务正在启动 .
MySQL 服务已经启动成功。

####2.登录master数据库

E:\mysql-5.7.14-winx64\mysql-5.7.14-winx64\bin>mysql -u root -p777888999

####3.查看masterwindows

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

####4.查看用户ide

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+-----------+-----------+
| user      | host      |
+-----------+-----------+
| lxl       | %         |
| panda     | %         |
| mysql.sys | localhost |
| root      | localhost |
+-----------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

####5.新建用户
因为slave链接master须要一个用户，因此，咱们这里新建一个用户，而且赋予它权限。测试

mysql> create user zhangsan identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+-----------+-----------+
| user      | host      |
+-----------+-----------+
| lxl       | %         |
| panda     | %         |
| zhangsan  | %         |
| mysql.sys | localhost |
| root      | localhost |
+-----------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

####6.赋予新建用户权限ui

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to zhangsan;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql>

赋予 zhangsan这个用户slave权限，*.*表示master全部的数据库下面全部的表，实际项目中，应该是指定数据库。
###5.配置slave
mysql官网
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication-setup-slaves.html
个人配置以下.net

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
basedir = F:\mysql2\mysql-5.7.14-winx64\mysql-5.7.14-winx64
datadir = F:\mysql2\mysql-5.7.14-winx64\mysql-5.7.14-winx64\data
port = 3307
server_id = 2
relay_log=slave-relay-bin

####1..启动/登录/进入slave日志

F:\mysql2\mysql-5.7.14-winx64\mysql-5.7.14-winx64\bin>net start mysql2
mysql2 服务正在启动 .
mysql2 服务已经启动成功。
F:\mysql2\mysql-5.7.14-winx64\mysql-5.7.14-winx64\bin>mysql -P3307 -u root -p
Enter password:

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

这里能够发现，slave与master是同样的，都是新安装后的初始状态。 ####2.配置slave归属master
1.获取master二进制文件名称与位置

mysql> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+--------------
-----+
| File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid
_Set |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+--------------
-----+
| master-bin.000009 |     1419 |              |                  |
     |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+--------------
-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

2.配置slave归属master

mysql> change master to
    -> master_host='192.168.2.67',
    -> master_user='zhangsan',
    -> master_password='123456',
    -> master_log_file='master-bin.000009',
    -> master_log_pos=1419;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.18 sec)

mysql>

3.开启slave

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

4.查看slave状态

mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.2.67
                  Master_User: zhangsan
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: master-bin.000009
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1419
               Relay_Log_File: slave-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 321
        Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000009
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB:
          Replicate_Ignore_DB:
           Replicate_Do_Table:
       Replicate_Ignore_Table:
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error:
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1419
              Relay_Log_Space: 528
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File:
           Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
               Master_SSL_Key:
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error:
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error:
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
             Master_Server_Id: 1
                  Master_UUID: ed77c8ba-7496-11e6-8100-c86000d039ef
             Master_Info_File: F:\mysql2\mysql-5.7.14-winx64\mysql-5.7.14-winx64
\data\master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more up
dates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind:
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
               Master_SSL_Crl:
           Master_SSL_Crlpath:
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
            Executed_Gtid_Set:
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
                 Channel_Name:
           Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:
No query specified

mysql>

有上述信息可知：
1.Slave_IO_State：等待master发送事件
做用：监控master二进制日志是否有变动
2.Slave_IO_Running：正在运行
做用：将master二进制日志变动部分取回slave
3.Slave_SQL_Running：正在运行
做用：在slave上重现变动部分，即实现了数据同步
###6.测试
####1.在master上建立数据库

mysql> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| test               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

####2.查看slave

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| test               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

发现已经同步了。接着测试下数据。
####3.master建表，添加数据

mysql> create table t_user(id int(4),name varchar(100));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.41 sec)

mysql>

添加数据

mysql> insert into t_user(id,name) values(1000,'zhangsan');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.16 sec)

mysql>

####4.查看slave

mysql> use test
Database changed
mysql> select * from t_user;
+------+----------+
| id   | name     |
+------+----------+
| 1000 | zhangsan |
+------+----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql>

如上信息，代表已经同步成功了。
注意：若是slave不须要与master同步了，必定要

mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)

mysql>

不然，下次设置该slave的时候会出现以下错误

mysql> change master to
    -> master_host='192.168.2.67',
    -> master_user='zhangsan',
    -> master_password='123456',
    -> master_log_file='master-bin.000009',
    -> master_log_pos=1419;
ERROR 3021 (HY000): This operation cannot be performed with a running slave io t
hread; run STOP SLAVE IO_THREAD FOR CHANNEL '' first.

固然解决办法很明显，先stop slave，在设置slave。