如何用 SQL Tuning Advisor (STA) 优化SQL语句

时间 2019-12-05

标签如何 sql tuning advisor sta 优化语句栏目 SQL 繁體版

原文原文链接

在oracle10g以前，想要优化一个sql语句是比较麻烦，可是在oracle10g这个版本推出的SQL Tuning Advisor这个工具，能大大减小sql调优的工做量，不过要想使用SQL Tuning Advisor，必定要保证你的优化器是CBO模式。
1.首先须要建立一个用于调优的用户bamboo,并授予advisor给建立的用户
SQL> create user bamboo identified by bamboo;
User created.
SQL> grant connect,resource to bamboo;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> grant advisor to bamboo;
Grant succeeded.sql

2.建立用户作测试的2张表,大表里面插入500万条数据，小表里面插入10万条数据，其建立方法以下
SQL> create table bigtable (id number(10),name varchar2(100));
Table created.oracle

SQL> begin
2 for i in 1..5000000 loop
3 insert into bigtable values(i,'test'||i);
4 end loop;
5 end;
6 /ide

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.工具

SQL> commti;oop

SQL> create table smalltable (id number(10),name varchar2(100));
Table created.测试

SQL> begin
2 for i in 1..100000 loop
3 insert into smalltable values(i,'test'||i);
4 end loop;
5 end;
6 /优化

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.ui

SQL> commti;this

3.而后对bigtable和smalltable作一个等链接查询，而后跟踪其执行计划
SQL> select a.id,a.name,b.id,b.name from bigtable a,smalltable b where a.id=b.id and a.id=40000;spa

ID NAME ID NAME
---------- ---------------------------------------- ---------- ----------------------------------------
40000 test40000 40000 test40000

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1703851322

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation          | Name       | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT   |            |   839 |   106K| 3656   (5)| 00:00:44 |
|* 1 | HASH JOIN         |            |   839 |   106K| 3656   (5)| 00:00:44 |
|* 2 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| SMALLTABLE |     5 |   325 |    71   (3)| 00:00:01 |
|* 3 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| BIGTABLE   |   173 | 11245 | 3584   (5)| 00:00:44 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - access("A"."ID"="B"."ID")
   2 - filter("B"."ID"=40000)
   3 - filter("A"."ID"=40000)

Note
-----
- dynamic sampling used for this statement

Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          9 recursive calls
          0 db block gets
      16151 consistent gets
      11469 physical reads
          0 redo size
        588 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        385 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          2 sorts (memory)
          0 sorts (disk)
          1 rows processed
熟悉执行计划的就能够看出，这个sql执行是很慢的，2个表都作的是全表扫描，而且其物理读是11469，按照优化的经验，给2个表的id建立索引，减小查询时候的物理读,下面咱们就看看经过优化器，oracle能咱们什么样的建议呢？

4.下面就经过DBMS_SQLTUNE包的CREATE_TUNING_TASK来建立一个优化任务，而后经过DBMS_SQLTUNE.EXECUTE_TUNING_TASK来执行调优任务，生成调优建议
SQL> DECLARE
2    my_task_name VARCHAR2(30);
3    my_sqltext CLOB;
4 BEGIN
5    my_sqltext := 'select a.id,a.name,b.id,b.name from bigtable a,smalltable b where a.id=b.id and a.id=40000';
6
7    my_task_name := DBMS_SQLTUNE.CREATE_TUNING_TASK(
8                            sql_text => my_sqltext,
9                            user_name => 'SCOTT',
10                             scope => 'COMPREHENSIVE',
11                             time_limit => 60,
12                             task_name => 'test_sql_tuning_task1',
13                             description => 'Task to tune a query');
14     DBMS_SQLTUNE.EXECUTE_TUNING_TASK(task_name => 'test_sql_tuning_task1');
15 END;
16 /

5.执行的过程当中，也能够经过user_advisor_tasks或者dba_advisor_tasks来查看调优任务执行的情况
SQL> select task_name,ADVISOR_NAME,STATUS from user_advisor_tasks;

TASK_NAME ADVISOR_NAME STATUS
------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
test_sql_tuning_task1 SQL Tuning Advisor COMPLETED
若是status是EXECUTING，则表示任务正在执行，若是为COMPLETED，则任务已经执行完毕

6.经过调用dbms_sqltune.report_tuning_task能够查询调优的结果，不过在查询结果以前，得设置sqlplus的环境，若是不设置，则查询的结果出不来
SQL> set long 999999
SQL> set LONGCHUNKSIZE 999999
SQL> set serveroutput on size 999999
SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> select dbms_sqltune.report_tuning_task('test_sql_tuning_task1') from dual;

SQL> select dbms_sqltune.report_tuning_task('test_sql_tuning_task1') from dual;

DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('TEST_SQL_TUNING_TASK1')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GENERAL INFORMATION SECTION
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tuning Task Name                  : test_sql_tuning_task1
Tuning Task Owner                 : BAMBOO
Scope                             : COMPREHENSIVE
Time Limit(seconds)               : 60
Completion Status                 : COMPLETED
Started at                        : 10/13/2011 05:07:53
Completed at                      : 10/13/2011 05:08:18
Number of Statistic Findings      : 2
Number of Index Findings          : 1

DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('TEST_SQL_TUNING_TASK1')
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Schema Name: SCOTT
SQL ID     : 7arau1k5a3mv1
SQL Text   : select a.id,a.name,b.id,b.name from bigtable a,smalltable b
             where a.id=b.id and a.id=40000

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FINDINGS SECTION (3 findings)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Recommendation
--------------
- Consider collecting optimizer statistics for this table.
    execute dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname => 'SCOTT', tabname =>
            'SMALLTABLE', estimate_percent => DBMS_STATS.AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE,
            method_opt => 'FOR ALL COLUMNS SIZE AUTO');

DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('TEST_SQL_TUNING_TASK1')
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rationale
---------
The optimizer requires up-to-date statistics for the table in order to
select a good execution plan.

2- Statistics Finding
---------------------
Table "SCOTT"."BIGTABLE" was not analyzed.

Recommendation
--------------

DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('TEST_SQL_TUNING_TASK1')
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Consider collecting optimizer statistics for this table.
    execute dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname => 'SCOTT', tabname =>
            'BIGTABLE', estimate_percent => DBMS_STATS.AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE,
            method_opt => 'FOR ALL COLUMNS SIZE AUTO');

Rationale
---------
The optimizer requires up-to-date statistics for the table in order to
select a good execution plan.

3- Index Finding (see explain plans section below)

Recommendation (estimated benefit: 100%)
----------------------------------------
- Consider running the Access Advisor to improve the physical schema design
or creating the recommended index.
create index SCOTT.IDX$$_00790001 on SCOTT.SMALLTABLE('ID');

- Consider running the Access Advisor to improve the physical schema design

DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('TEST_SQL_TUNING_TASK1')
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
or creating the recommended index.
create index SCOTT.IDX$$_00790002 on SCOTT.BIGTABLE('ID');

Rationale
---------
    Creating the recommended indices significantly improves the execution plan
    of this statement. However, it might be preferable to run "Access Advisor"
    using a representative SQL workload as opposed to a single statement. This
    will allow to get comprehensive index recommendations which takes into
    account index maintenance overhead and additional space consumption.

1- Original
-----------
Plan hash value: 1703851322

DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('TEST_SQL_TUNING_TASK1')
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT   |            |   839 |   106K| 3656   (5)| 00:00:44 |
|* 1 | HASH JOIN         |            |   839 |   106K| 3656   (5)| 00:00:44 |
|* 2 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| SMALLTABLE |     5 |   325 |    71   (3)| 00:00:01 |
|* 3 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| BIGTABLE   |   173 | 11245 | 3584   (5)| 00:00:44 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

1 - access("A"."ID"="B"."ID")
2 - filter("B"."ID"=40000)

2- Using New Indices
--------------------
Plan hash value: 3720188830

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation                     | Name           | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT              |                |     1 |   130 |     5   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | BIGTABLE       |     1 |    65 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('TEST_SQL_TUNING_TASK1')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   2 |   NESTED LOOPS                |                |     1 |   130 |     5   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   3 |    TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| SMALLTABLE     |     1 |    65 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 4 |     INDEX RANGE SCAN          | IDX$$_00790001 |     1 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 5 |    INDEX RANGE SCAN           | IDX$$_00790002 |     1 |       |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

4 - access("B"."ID"=40000)
5 - access("A"."ID"=40000)

从上面的结果能够看到oracle的调优顾问给咱们3条建议：
（1）SCOTT.SMALLTABLE表没有作分析，须要作一下表结构的分析，而且给出一个分析的建议，以下所示
     execute dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname => 'SCOTT', tabname =>
            'SMALLTABLE', estimate_percent => DBMS_STATS.AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE,
            method_opt => 'FOR ALL COLUMNS SIZE AUTO');
（2）SCOTT.BIGTABLE表没有作分析，须要作一下表结构的分析，而且给出一个分析的建议，以下所示
     execute dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname => 'SCOTT', tabname =>
            'BIGTABLE', estimate_percent => DBMS_STATS.AUTO_SAMPLE_SIZE,
            method_opt => 'FOR ALL COLUMNS SIZE AUTO');
（3）oracle建议咱们在表SCOTT.SMALLTABLE，SCOTT.BIGTABLE的id列建立一个bitree索引，给的建议以下
      create index SCOTT.IDX$$_00790002 on SCOTT.BIGTABLE('ID');
      create index SCOTT.IDX$$_00790001 on SCOTT.SMALLTABLE('ID');
    固然建立索引的名字能够改为别的名字
    经过以上查看oracle的调优顾问给的建议，基本和咱们在前面给出的调优方案是一致，所以当咱们给一个大的ＳＱＬ作优化的时候，能够先使用oracle调优顾问，获得一些调优方案，而后根据实际状况作一些调整就能够。

如下就是执行oracle调优顾问的建议，从新执行select a.id,a.name,b.id,b.name from bigtable a,smalltable b where a.id=b.id and a.id=40000这天语句获得的执行计划，能够看出查询时间和物理读大大减小
SQL> select a.id,a.name,b.id,b.name from bigtable a,smalltable b where a.id=b.id and a.id=40000;

ID NAME ID NAME
---------- ---------------------------------------- ---------- ----------------------------------------
40000 test40000 40000 test40000

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 777647921

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation                     | Name            | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT              |                 |     1 |    31 |     5   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | BIGTABLE        |     1 |    17 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   2 |   NESTED LOOPS                |                 |     1 |    31 |     5   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   3 |    TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| SMALLTABLE      |     1 |    14 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 4 |     INDEX RANGE SCAN          | I_ID_SAMLLTABLE |     1 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 5 |    INDEX RANGE SCAN           | I_ID_BIGTABLE   |     1 |       |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

4 - access("B"."ID"=40000)
5 - access("A"."ID"=40000)

Statistics---------------------------------------------------------- 0 recursive calls 0 db block gets 9 consistent gets 0 physical reads 0 redo size 588 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 385 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed