你可能知道当你订阅 Observable 对象或设置事件监听时,在某个时间点,你须要执行取消订阅操做,进而释放操做系统的内存。不然,你的应用程序可能会出现内存泄露。html
接下来让咱们看一下,须要在 ngOnDestroy
生命周期钩子中,手动执行取消订阅操做的一些常见场景。git
export class TestComponent { ngOnInit() { this.form = new FormGroup({...}); // 监听表单值的变化 this.valueChanges = this.form.valueChanges.subscribe(console.log); // 监听表单状态的变化 this.statusChanges = this.form.statusChanges.subscribe(console.log); } ngOnDestroy() { this.valueChanges.unsubscribe(); this.statusChanges.unsubscribe(); } }
以上方案也适用于其它的表单控件。es6
export class TestComponent { constructor(private route: ActivatedRoute, private router: Router) { } ngOnInit() { this.route.params.subscribe(console.log); this.route.queryParams.subscribe(console.log); this.route.fragment.subscribe(console.log); this.route.data.subscribe(console.log); this.route.url.subscribe(console.log); this.router.events.subscribe(console.log); } ngOnDestroy() { // 手动执行取消订阅的操做 } }
export class TestComponent { constructor( private renderer: Renderer2, private element : ElementRef) { } ngOnInit() { this.click = this.renderer .listen(this.element.nativeElement, "click", handler); } ngOnDestroy() { this.click.unsubscribe(); } }
当你使用 interval()
或 fromEvent()
操做符时,你建立的是一个无限的 Observable 对象。这样的话,当咱们再也不须要使用它们的时候,就须要取消订阅,手动释放资源。github
export class TestComponent { constructor(private element : ElementRef) { } interval: Subscription; click: Subscription; ngOnInit() { this.interval = Observable.interval(1000).subscribe(console.log); this.click = Observable.fromEvent(this.element.nativeElement, 'click') .subscribe(console.log); } ngOnDestroy() { this.interval.unsubscribe(); this.click.unsubscribe(); } }
export class TestComponent { constructor(private store: Store) { } todos: Subscription; ngOnInit() { /** * select(key : string) { * return this.map(state => state[key]).distinctUntilChanged(); * } */ this.todos = this.store.select('todos').subscribe(console.log); } ngOnDestroy() { this.todos.unsubscribe(); } }
@Component({ selector: 'test', template: `<todos [todos]="todos$ | async"></todos>` }) export class TestComponent { constructor(private store: Store) { } ngOnInit() { this.todos$ = this.store.select('todos'); } }
当组件销毁时,async
管道会自动执行取消订阅操做,进而避免内存泄露的风险。typescript
Angular AsyncPipe 源码片断api
@Pipe({name: 'async', pure: false}) export class AsyncPipe implements OnDestroy, PipeTransform { // ... constructor(private _ref: ChangeDetectorRef) {} ngOnDestroy(): void { if (this._subscription) { this._dispose(); } } }
export class TestDirective { @HostListener('click') onClick() { .... } }
须要注意的是,若是使用 @HostListener 装饰器,添加事件监听时,咱们没法手动取消订阅。若是须要手动移除事件监听的话,能够使用如下的方式:async
// subscribe this.handler = this.renderer.listen('document', "click", event =>{...}); // unsubscribe this.handler();
当你使用 HTTP
服务或 timer
Observable 对象时,你也不须要手动执行取消订阅操做。post
export class TestComponent { constructor(private http: Http) { } ngOnInit() { // 表示1s后发出值,而后就结束了 Observable.timer(1000).subscribe(console.log); this.http.get('http://api.com').subscribe(console.log); } }
操做符签名this
public static timer(initialDelay: number | Date, period: number, scheduler: Scheduler): Observable
操做符做用url
timer
返回一个发出无限自增数列的 Observable,具备必定的时间间隔,这个间隔由你来选择。
操做符示例
// 每隔1秒发出自增的数字,3秒后开始发送 var numbers = Rx.Observable.timer(3000, 1000); numbers.subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // 5秒后发出一个数字 var numbers = Rx.Observable.timer(5000); numbers.subscribe(x => console.log(x));
你应该尽量少的调用 unsubscribe()
方法,你能够在 RxJS: Don’t Unsubscribe 这篇文章中了解与 Subject 相关更多信息。
具体示例以下:
export class TestComponent { constructor(private store: Store) { } private componetDestroyed: Subject = new Subject(); todos: Subscription; posts: Subscription; ngOnInit() { this.todos = this.store.select('todos') .takeUntil(this.componetDestroyed).subscribe(console.log); this.posts = this.store.select('posts') .takeUntil(this.componetDestroyed).subscribe(console.log); } ngOnDestroy() { this.componetDestroyed.next(); this.componetDestroyed.unsubscribe(); } }
操做符签名
public takeUntil(notifier: Observable): Observable<T>
操做符做用
发出源 Observable 发出的值,直到 notifier
Observable 发出值。
操做符示例
var interval = Rx.Observable.interval(1000); var clicks = Rx.Observable.fromEvent(document, 'click'); var result = interval.takeUntil(clicks); result.subscribe(x => console.log(x));