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Redux是针对JavaScript应用的可预测状态容器。html
若是熟悉设计模式之观察者模式理解起来就简单了。就是将你在其余组件中须要用到的数据放到一个容器中,那么组件就能够从其中取放数据的东西就是redux的工做。
特性:react
action:是把数据从应用(译者注:这里之因此不叫 view 是由于这些数据有多是服务器响应,用户输入或其它非 view 的数据 )传到 store 的有效载荷。它是 store 数据的惟一来源。通常来讲你会经过 store.dispatch() 将 action 传到 store。git
reducer:指定了应用状态的变化如何响应 actions,并发送到 store 的,记住 actions 只是描述了有事情发生了这一事实,并无描述应用如何更新 state。 github
store: store就是把action和reducer联系到一块儿的对象,store本质上是一个状态树,保存了全部对象的状态。任何UI组件均可以直接从store访问特定对象的状态。
Store 有如下职责:npm
getState()
方法获取 state;dispatch(action)
方法更新 state;subscribe(listener)
注册监听器;subscribe(listener)
返回的函数注销监听器。再次强调一下 Redux 应用只有一个单一的 store。redux
这个数据流的位于最中心的设计是一个AppDispatcher(应用发送器),你能够把它想成是个发送中心,不论来自组件何处的动做都须要通过它来发送。每一个store会在AppDispatcher上注册它本身,提供一个callback(回调),当有动做(action)发生时,AppDispatcher(应用发送器)会用这个回调函数通知store。设计模式
因为每一个Action(动做)只是一个单纯的对象,包含actionType(动做类型)与数据(一般称为payload),咱们会另外须要Action Creator(动做建立器),它们是一些辅助函数,除了建立动做外也会把动做传给Dispatcher(发送器),也就是调用Dispatcher(发送器)中的dispatch方法。api
Dispatcher(发送器)的用途就是把接收到的actionType与数据(payload),广播给全部注册的callbacks。它这个设计并不是是首创的,这在设计模式中相似于pub-sub(发布-订阅)系统,Dispatcher则是相似Eventbus的概念。服务器
安装并发
npm install --save react-redux npm install --save-dev redux-devtools
实例
主要是理解观察者模式,以及结合原理图先理解
redux的action,reducer,store基本运做。
import { createStore } from 'redux' /** * This is a reducer, a pure function with (state, action) => state signature. * It describes how an action transforms the state into the next state. * * The shape of the state is up to you: it can be a primitive, an array, an object, * or even an Immutable.js data structure. The only important part is that you should * not mutate the state object, but return a new object if the state changes. * * In this example, we use a `switch` statement and strings, but you can use a helper that * follows a different convention (such as function maps) if it makes sense for your * project. */ /** * 来源:官网:https://github.com/reduxjs/redux * * 第一步:定义reducer */ function counter(state = 0, action) { switch (action.type) { case 'INCREMENT': return state + 1 case 'DECREMENT': return state - 1 default: return state } } // Create a Redux store holding the state of your app. // Its API is { subscribe, dispatch, getState }. //第二步:根据reducer规则生成store let store = createStore(counter) // You can use subscribe() to update the UI in response to state changes. // Normally you'd use a view binding library (e.g. React Redux) rather than subscribe() directly. // However it can also be handy to persist the current state in the localStorage. //第三步:定义数据(即state)变化以后的派发规则 store.subscribe(() => console.log(store.getState())) store.subscribe(() => console.log(store.getState())) store.subscribe(() => console.log(store.getState())) // The only way to mutate the internal state is to dispatch an action. // The actions can be serialized, logged or stored and later replayed. //第四步:触发数据变化 store.dispatch({ type: 'INCREMENT' }) // 1 store.dispatch({ type: 'INCREMENT' }) // 2 store.dispatch({ type: 'DECREMENT' }) // 1
通常的文件结构,基本就是store目录下
actions的操做
user.js:主要包含user模块下的action操做。
import * as types from '../constants/types' export function loginSuccess(data) { return { type: types.LOGOIN_SUCCESS, payload: data } } export function logOut() { return { type: types.LOGOUT } }
reducers的操做
module/user.js:定义
import * as types from '../../constants/types'; export function user(state = 0,action){ switch(action.type) { case types.LOGOIN_SUCCESS: console.log("user......"+ action.payload); return state+10; case types.LOGOUT: return state - 10; default: return state; } }
index.js
将全部reducers的集合在一块儿。
import { combineReducers } from 'redux' import { user } from './module/user' const rootReducer = combineReducers({ /* your reducers */ user }) export default rootReducer
store的操做
import { createStore } from 'redux' import rootReducer from './reducers' export default function configureStore(initialState) { const store = createStore(rootReducer,initialState, window.devToolsExtension ? window.devToolsExtension() : undefined ) return store }
组件中的操做(简单)
import React from 'react'; import { bindActionCreators } from 'redux'; import { connect } from 'react-redux'; import ComA from './ComA' import ComB from './ComB' import * as userInfoActions from '../store/actions/user' class BodyIndex extends React.Component { componentDidMount() { this.props.userInfoActions.loginSuccess({ id:'呵呵呵呵', username: 'bibibiibibi' }) } render() { return ( <div> <p>Hello world</p> <ComA user={this.props.user}/> <ComB user= {this.props.user} /> </div> ) } } function mapStateToProps(state) { console.log("mapStateToProps...."+state); return { user: state.user.userInfo } } function mapDispatchToProps(dispatch) { return { userInfoActions: bindActionCreators(userInfoActions,dispatch) } } export default connect( mapStateToProps, mapDispatchToProps )(BodyIndex)
组件中的操做(常规)
使用connect 这样子能够省去mapDispatchToProps,mapDispatchToProps的操做。
import React from 'react'; import { connect } from 'react-redux'; import { addComment } from '../store/actions/comment' @connect( state => ({comment:state.comments.comment}), { addComment } ) class TestCom extends React.Component { componentDidMount() { this.props.addComment({ comment: 100 }) } render() { console.log("render...."+this.props.comment); return ( <div> <p>TestCom.... {this.props.comment} </p> </div> ) } } export default TestCom;
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