开心一刻html
晚上陪老丈人吃饭,忽然手机响了,我手贱按了免提……哥们:快出来喝酒!哥几个都在呢!我:今天不行,我如今陪老丈人吃饭呢。哥们:那你抓紧喝,我三杯白酒,把我岳父放倒了才出来的,你也快点。看着我老丈人的脸,我不知道该怎么回了……git
猪同样的队友web
在关于利用maven搭建ssm的博客,咱们一块儿来探讨下问的最多的问题中,我遗留了一个问题:Spring mvc是什么时候、何地、如何将Model中的属性绑定到哪一个做用域,这里的做用域指的是Servlet的四大做用域;不了解问题背景的能够回过头去看看个人上篇博文。spring
明确的解答我会放到最后,在解答问题以前,我先和你们一块儿来捋一捋Spring mvc的工做原理。废话很少说,开始咱们神秘的探险之旅!tomcat
在讲工做原理以前,咱们先看一个简单的spring mvc(ssm)示例,以及实现的效果mvc
工程代码地址:ssm-web app
工程结构与效果如上所示,咱们不作过多的探究,咱们打起精神往下看本篇的重点jsp
一、DispatcherServlet 静态初始化async
DispatcherServlet中有以下静态块maven
static { // Load default strategy implementations from properties file. // This is currently strictly internal and not meant to be customized // by application developers. try { ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH, DispatcherServlet.class); defaultStrategies = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource); } catch (IOException ex) { throw new IllegalStateException("Could not load 'DispatcherServlet.properties': " + ex.getMessage()); } }
这里会将DispatcherServlet.properties中的内容读取到DispatcherServlet的属性:private static final Properties defaultStrategies中,DispatcherServlet.properties内容以下
# Default implementation classes for DispatcherServlet's strategy interfaces. # Used as fallback when no matching beans are found in the DispatcherServlet context. # Not meant to be customized by application developers. org.springframework.web.servlet.LocaleResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver org.springframework.web.servlet.ThemeResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.theme.FixedThemeResolver org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping=org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping,\ org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerAdapter=org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.HttpRequestHandlerAdapter,\ org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter,\ org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerExceptionResolver,\ org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.ResponseStatusExceptionResolver,\ org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver org.springframework.web.servlet.RequestToViewNameTranslator=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.DefaultRequestToViewNameTranslator org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver org.springframework.web.servlet.FlashMapManager=org.springframework.web.servlet.support.SessionFlashMapManager
指定了DispatcherServlet策略接口的默认实现,后续DispatcherServlet初始化策略的时候会用到
二、interceptor定义的加载
spring启动过程当中会调用InterceptorsBeanDefinitionParser的parse方法来解析出咱们自定义的interceptor定义,封装成MappedInterceptor类型的bean定义,并放到spring容器中;咱们能够简单的认为spring容器中已经存在了咱们自定义的interceptor的bean定义
三、DispatcherServlet初始化策略:initStrategies
DispatcherServlet的继承图以下
DispatcherServlet是一个Servlet,tomcat启动过程当中会调用其init方法,一串的调用后,会调用DispatcherServlet的initStrategies方法
protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) { initMultipartResolver(context); initLocaleResolver(context); initThemeResolver(context); initHandlerMappings(context); initHandlerAdapters(context); initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context); initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context); initViewResolvers(context); initFlashMapManager(context); }
实例化步骤1中的默认实现,并填充到DispatcherServlet各个属性值中
四、DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping的拦截器初始化
DispatcherServlet.properties种指定了两个默认的HandlerMapping:BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping、DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping,这二者的类继承图以下(咱们暂时只关注DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping)
DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping间接实现了ApplicationContextAware,那么在DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping实例初始化过程当中,会调用setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext)方法,一串调用后,会来到AbstractUrlHandlerMapping的initApplicationContext()
@Override protected void initApplicationContext() throws BeansException { extendInterceptors(this.interceptors); detectMappedInterceptors(this.mappedInterceptors); initInterceptors(); }
初始化了DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping的拦截器:interceptor
咱们来看下具体的初始化过程,看看上面的顺序是否只是我我的的臆想?
能够看到,初始化顺序就是咱们上面说的,不是我我的的意淫;此时的DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping中有咱们自定义的MyInterceptor。初始化过程咱们须要关注的就是上述这些,下面咱们一块儿看看具体请求的过程
请求从servlet的service开始,一路到DispatcherServlet的doDispatch,以下图
doDispatch
/** * Process the actual dispatching to the handler. 将请求分发到具体的handler,也就是咱们的controller * <p>The handler will be obtained by applying the servlet's HandlerMappings in order. * The HandlerAdapter will be obtained by querying the servlet's installed HandlerAdapters * to find the first that supports the handler class. * <p>All HTTP methods are handled by this method. It's up to HandlerAdapters or handlers * themselves to decide which methods are acceptable. * @param request current HTTP request * @param response current HTTP response * @throws Exception in case of any kind of processing failure */ protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request; HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null; boolean multipartRequestParsed = false; WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request); try { ModelAndView mv = null; Exception dispatchException = null; try { processedRequest = checkMultipart(request); multipartRequestParsed = processedRequest != request; // Determine handler for the current request. 决定哪一个handler来处理当前的请求 // mappedHandler是由handler和interceptor集合组成的一个执行链,有点相似FilterChain mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest); if (mappedHandler == null || mappedHandler.getHandler() == null) { noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response); return; } // Determine handler adapter for the current request. 决定哪一个adapter来处理当前的请求 // handlerMapping是找出适配的handler,而真正回调handler的是adapter HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler()); // Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler. String method = request.getMethod(); boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method); if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) { long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler()); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { String requestUri = urlPathHelper.getRequestUri(request); logger.debug("Last-Modified value for [" + requestUri + "] is: " + lastModified); } if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) { return; } } // handler的前置处理,也就是调用适配当前url的interceptor的preHandler方法 if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) { return; } try { // Actually invoke the handler. 真正调用handler mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler()); } finally { if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) { return; } } applyDefaultViewName(request, mv); // handler的后置处理,也就是调用适配当前url的interceptor的postHandler方法 mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv); } catch (Exception ex) { dispatchException = ex; } // 处理handler返回的结果,会调用适配当前url的interceptor的afterCompletion方法 // 这里会将响应结果返回给请求者 processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException); } catch (Exception ex) { triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex); } catch (Error err) { triggerAfterCompletionWithError(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, err); } finally { if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) { // Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response); return; } // Clean up any resources used by a multipart request. if (multipartRequestParsed) { cleanupMultipart(processedRequest); } } }
handlerMapping具体如何找到匹配当前url的handler(通常而言就是咱们的controller)、handlerAdapter具体如何回调真正的handler,有兴趣的能够自行去跟下,我就不跟了。咱们具体看下processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException); 这个与咱们最初的疑问有关
processDispatchResult
能够看到model中的persons会被设置到request的attributes中,而后转发请求到show_person.jsp,转发过程当中request做用域的变量仍然有效,因此show_person.jsp中的jstl标签和el表达式可以取到persons变量,最后将show_person.jsp中的内容填充好以后的静态内容返回给请求者;至此就完成了一次请求的响应
回到咱们开篇的疑问:Spring mvc是什么时候、何地、如何将Model中的属性绑定到哪一个做用域?想必你们已经知道答案了
Controller中的model、ModelMap的注入由spring mvc完成,这个不是请求传入的参数,用于绑定变量到Servlet做用域;默认状况下,在DispatcherServlet调用了真正的handler以后,将结果返回给请求者的过程当中,将model、modelMap中的变量设置到了request的attributes中,转发的过程当中,request中的变量仍然有效,因此show_person.jsp中能取到persons这个变量,自此疑问获得解答
一、Spring MVC工做原理图
图是用的别人的,具体是谁的我也不记得了(捂脸)
二、DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping在spring3.2中被废弃,替换成了RequestMappingHandlerMapping