Spring MVC的工做原理,咱们来看看其源码实现

前言

  开心一刻html

    晚上陪老丈人吃饭,忽然手机响了,我手贱按了免提……哥们:快出来喝酒!哥几个都在呢!我:今天不行,我如今陪老丈人吃饭呢。哥们:那你抓紧喝,我三杯白酒,把我岳父放倒了才出来的,你也快点。看着我老丈人的脸,我不知道该怎么回了……git

猪同样的队友web

遗留问题

  在关于利用maven搭建ssm的博客,咱们一块儿来探讨下问的最多的问题中,我遗留了一个问题:Spring mvc是什么时候、何地、如何将Model中的属性绑定到哪一个做用域,这里的做用域指的是Servlet的四大做用域;不了解问题背景的能够回过头去看看个人上篇博文。spring

  明确的解答我会放到最后,在解答问题以前,我先和你们一块儿来捋一捋Spring mvc的工做原理。废话很少说,开始咱们神秘的探险之旅!tomcat

应用示例

  在讲工做原理以前,咱们先看一个简单的spring mvc(ssm)示例,以及实现的效果mvc

  工程代码地址:ssm-web app

  工程结构与效果如上所示,咱们不作过多的探究,咱们打起精神往下看本篇的重点jsp

工做原理

  准备 - 资源的加载与初始化

    一、DispatcherServlet 静态初始化async

      DispatcherServlet中有以下静态块maven

static {
        // Load default strategy implementations from properties file.
        // This is currently strictly internal and not meant to be customized
        // by application developers.
        try {
            ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH, DispatcherServlet.class);
            defaultStrategies = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
        }
        catch (IOException ex) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Could not load 'DispatcherServlet.properties': " + ex.getMessage());
        }
    }

      这里会将DispatcherServlet.properties中的内容读取到DispatcherServlet的属性:private static final Properties defaultStrategies中,DispatcherServlet.properties内容以下

# Default implementation classes for DispatcherServlet's strategy interfaces.
# Used as fallback when no matching beans are found in the DispatcherServlet context.
# Not meant to be customized by application developers.

org.springframework.web.servlet.LocaleResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver

org.springframework.web.servlet.ThemeResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.theme.FixedThemeResolver

org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping=org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping,\
    org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping

org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerAdapter=org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.HttpRequestHandlerAdapter,\
    org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter,\
    org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter

org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerExceptionResolver,\
    org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.ResponseStatusExceptionResolver,\
    org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver

org.springframework.web.servlet.RequestToViewNameTranslator=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.DefaultRequestToViewNameTranslator

org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver

org.springframework.web.servlet.FlashMapManager=org.springframework.web.servlet.support.SessionFlashMapManager
View Code

      指定了DispatcherServlet策略接口的默认实现,后续DispatcherServlet初始化策略的时候会用到

    二、interceptor定义的加载

      spring启动过程当中会调用InterceptorsBeanDefinitionParser的parse方法来解析出咱们自定义的interceptor定义,封装成MappedInterceptor类型的bean定义,并放到spring容器中;咱们能够简单的认为spring容器中已经存在了咱们自定义的interceptor的bean定义

    三、DispatcherServlet初始化策略:initStrategies

      DispatcherServlet的继承图以下

      DispatcherServlet是一个Servlet,tomcat启动过程当中会调用其init方法,一串的调用后,会调用DispatcherServlet的initStrategies方法

protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
    initMultipartResolver(context);
    initLocaleResolver(context);
    initThemeResolver(context);
    initHandlerMappings(context);
    initHandlerAdapters(context);
    initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
    initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
    initViewResolvers(context);
    initFlashMapManager(context);
}

      实例化步骤1中的默认实现,并填充到DispatcherServlet各个属性值中

    四、DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping的拦截器初始化

      DispatcherServlet.properties种指定了两个默认的HandlerMapping:BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping、DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping,这二者的类继承图以下(咱们暂时只关注DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping)

      DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping间接实现了ApplicationContextAware,那么在DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping实例初始化过程当中,会调用setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext)方法,一串调用后,会来到AbstractUrlHandlerMapping的initApplicationContext()

@Override
protected void initApplicationContext() throws BeansException {
    extendInterceptors(this.interceptors);
    detectMappedInterceptors(this.mappedInterceptors);
    initInterceptors();
}

      初始化了DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping的拦截器:interceptor

    咱们来看下具体的初始化过程,看看上面的顺序是否只是我我的的臆想?

    能够看到,初始化顺序就是咱们上面说的,不是我我的的意淫;此时的DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping中有咱们自定义的MyInterceptor。初始化过程咱们须要关注的就是上述这些,下面咱们一块儿看看具体请求的过程

  请求的处理

    请求从servlet的service开始,一路到DispatcherServlet的doDispatch,以下图

    doDispatch

/**
 * Process the actual dispatching to the handler. 将请求分发到具体的handler,也就是咱们的controller
 * <p>The handler will be obtained by applying the servlet's HandlerMappings in order.
 * The HandlerAdapter will be obtained by querying the servlet's installed HandlerAdapters
 * to find the first that supports the handler class.
 * <p>All HTTP methods are handled by this method. It's up to HandlerAdapters or handlers
 * themselves to decide which methods are acceptable.
 * @param request current HTTP request
 * @param response current HTTP response
 * @throws Exception in case of any kind of processing failure
 */
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
    HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
    HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
    boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;

    WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);

    try {
        ModelAndView mv = null;
        Exception dispatchException = null;

        try {
            processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
            multipartRequestParsed = processedRequest != request;

            // Determine handler for the current request. 决定哪一个handler来处理当前的请求
            // mappedHandler是由handler和interceptor集合组成的一个执行链,有点相似FilterChain
            mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
            if (mappedHandler == null || mappedHandler.getHandler() == null) {
                noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
                return;
            }

            // Determine handler adapter for the current request. 决定哪一个adapter来处理当前的请求
            // handlerMapping是找出适配的handler,而真正回调handler的是adapter
            HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());

            // Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler.
            String method = request.getMethod();
            boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method);
            if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) {
                long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    String requestUri = urlPathHelper.getRequestUri(request);
                    logger.debug("Last-Modified value for [" + requestUri + "] is: " + lastModified);
                }
                if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
                    return;
                }
            }

            // handler的前置处理,也就是调用适配当前url的interceptor的preHandler方法
            if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
                return;
            }

            try {
                // Actually invoke the handler. 真正调用handler
                mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
            }
            finally {
                if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
                    return;
                }
            }

            applyDefaultViewName(request, mv);
            // handler的后置处理,也就是调用适配当前url的interceptor的postHandler方法
            mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            dispatchException = ex;
        }
        // 处理handler返回的结果,会调用适配当前url的interceptor的afterCompletion方法
        // 这里会将响应结果返回给请求者
        processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
    }
    catch (Exception ex) {
        triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
    }
    catch (Error err) {
        triggerAfterCompletionWithError(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, err);
    }
    finally {
        if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
            // Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion
            mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);
            return;
        }
        // Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.
        if (multipartRequestParsed) {
            cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
        }
    }
}
View Code

      handlerMapping具体如何找到匹配当前url的handler(通常而言就是咱们的controller)、handlerAdapter具体如何回调真正的handler,有兴趣的能够自行去跟下,我就不跟了。咱们具体看下processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException); 这个与咱们最初的疑问有关

    processDispatchResult

      能够看到model中的persons会被设置到request的attributes中,而后转发请求到show_person.jsp,转发过程当中request做用域的变量仍然有效,因此show_person.jsp中的jstl标签和el表达式可以取到persons变量,最后将show_person.jsp中的内容填充好以后的静态内容返回给请求者;至此就完成了一次请求的响应

问题解答

  回到咱们开篇的疑问:Spring mvc是什么时候、何地、如何将Model中的属性绑定到哪一个做用域?想必你们已经知道答案了

  Controller中的model、ModelMap的注入由spring mvc完成,这个不是请求传入的参数,用于绑定变量到Servlet做用域;默认状况下,在DispatcherServlet调用了真正的handler以后,将结果返回给请求者的过程当中,将model、modelMap中的变量设置到了request的attributes中,转发的过程当中,request中的变量仍然有效,因此show_person.jsp中能取到persons这个变量,自此疑问获得解答

总结

  一、Spring MVC工做原理图

    图是用的别人的,具体是谁的我也不记得了(捂脸)

  二、DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping在spring3.2中被废弃,替换成了RequestMappingHandlerMapping

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