OSPF实验记录

时间 2019-11-11

标签 ospf 实验记录繁體版

原文原文链接

以下面拓扑的R3和R4属于ABR，R1属于ASBR

R1配置

1、配置接口IP

[r1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.0.0.1 255.255.255.252
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[r1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 16.0.0.1 255.255.255.252
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[r1]interface LoopBack0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
[r1-LoopBack0]quit 

<r1>display ip interface brief  //查看接口IP信息
*down: administratively down
!down: FIB overload down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
(d): Dampening Suppressed
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 8
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 8

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
Ethernet0/0/0                     unassigned           down       down      
Ethernet0/0/1                     unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              12.0.0.1/30          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              16.0.0.1/30          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/3              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         1.1.1.1/32           up         up(s)

2、配置OSPF协议，将区域网段发布出去

[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
//将area 1区域中的接口网段发布出去，后面为反掩码
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
//将环回口也发布出去，另外一个接口是和R6相链接的，不须要进行发布，并且运行的是RIP协议
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]

3、指定router id

第一种方法

[r1]router id 1.1.1.1   //指定router id，全局，全部协议都会使用这个router id

第二种方法

[r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1    //只针对ospf指定router id

4、重启OSPF进程，使router id生效

<r1>reset ospf 1 process 

<r1>dis ospf brief  //查看OSPF的一些信息

5、配置与R6间的RIP协议

[r1]rip
[r1-rip-1]version 2
[r1-rip-1]undo summary 
[r1-rip-1]network 16.0.0.0

6、查看RIP协议

[r1-rip-1]dis ip routing-table protocol rip 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : RIP
         Destinations : 1        Routes : 1        

RIP routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 1        Routes : 1

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        6.6.6.6/32  RIP     100  1          D   16.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
RIP routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

[r1-rip-1]

7、在R1进行一个路由引入的动做

1）把RIP路由引入到OSPF域

[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]import-route rip 1   //把RIP引入到了OSPF，默认用的类型是type 2，即cost不累加
//在R3上经过<r3>dis ip routing-table 能够看到一条路由
 6.6.6.6/32  O_ASE   150  1（这个1就是cost）  D    23.0.0.1      GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
cost值是1，并无累加，若是累加了应该是2
//再在R3上经过<r3>dis ospf routing 能够看到
Routing for ASEs
 Destination        Cost      Type       Tag         NextHop         AdvRouter
 6.6.6.6/32         1         Type2      1           23.0.0.1        1.1.1.1
 16.0.0.0/30        1         Type2      1           23.0.0.1        1.1.1.1
这里的Type是2，说明刚才的import-route rip 1命令默认是使用的类型2，即cost值不会累加

从新在R1配置该命令以下
[r1-ospf-1]import-route rip 1 type 1 cost 5 
//手动设置为类型1，且设置cost值为5，那么通过R2到达R3 cost值应该变为了7

再在R3上经过<r3>dis ospf routing 来查看
Routing for ASEs
 Destination        Cost      Type       Tag         NextHop         AdvRouter
 6.6.6.6/32         7         Type1      1           23.0.0.1        1.1.1.1
 16.0.0.0/30        7         Type1      1           23.0.0.1        1.1.1.1
//验证确实cost变为了7

2）同时也把OSPF的域引入到RIP

[r1]rip 
[r1-rip-1]import-route ospf 1 
[r1-rip-1]dis th
#
rip 1
 undo summary
 version 2
 network 16.0.0.0
 import-route ospf 1
#
导入路由完成后在R1查看路由表
[r1-rip-1]dis ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 15       Routes : 15       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        1.1.1.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
        2.2.2.2/32  OSPF    10   1         D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
        3.3.3.3/32  OSPF    10   2         D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
        4.4.4.4/32  OSPF    10   3         D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
        5.5.5.5/32  OSPF    10   4         D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
        6.6.6.6/32  RIP     100  1          D   16.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
       12.0.0.0/30  Direct  0    0           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
       12.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
       16.0.0.0/30  Direct  0    0           D   16.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
       16.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
       23.0.0.0/30  OSPF    10   2         D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
       34.0.0.0/30  OSPF    10   3         D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
       45.0.0.0/30  OSPF    10   4         D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

在R6查看路由表
<r6>dis ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 14       Routes : 14       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        1.1.1.1/32  RIP     100  1          D   16.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
        2.2.2.2/32  RIP     100  1          D   16.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
        3.3.3.3/32  RIP     100  1          D   16.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
        4.4.4.4/32  RIP     100  1          D   16.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
        5.5.5.5/32  RIP     100  1          D   16.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
        6.6.6.6/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
       12.0.0.0/30  RIP     100  1          D   16.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
       16.0.0.0/30  Direct  0    0           D   16.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
       16.0.0.2/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
       23.0.0.0/30  RIP     100  1          D   16.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
       34.0.0.0/30  RIP     100  1          D   16.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
       45.0.0.0/30  RIP     100  1          D   16.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

<r6>ping 5.5.5.5    //测试从R6ping R5的环回口IP地址
  PING 5.5.5.5: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=251 time=160 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=251 time=170 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=251 time=110 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=251 time=120 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=251 time=170 ms

  --- 5.5.5.5 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 110/146/170 ms

<r5>ping 6.6.6.6    //再从R5ping R6的环回口IP地址
  PING 6.6.6.6: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=251 time=160 ms
    Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=251 time=160 ms
    Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=251 time=120 ms
    Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=251 time=110 ms
    Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=251 time=160 ms

  --- 6.6.6.6 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 110/142/160 ms

※备注

一、RID的选举，即router id的选举
通常默认从环回口选择一个最大的，若是环回口没有地址，就会从物理口选个最大的；
建议手动指定router id，这样内心有数，便于排错；ide
二、DR的选举
在一个以太网里面router id大的是DR，第二大的是BDR，其余都是Drother；
能够经过修改借口的优先级来选举DR和BDR；

interface g 0/0/0
    ospf dr-priority 0  //默认为1，修改成0使其不能参与DR的选举
    //若是一个修改成5，一个修改成10，那么优先级为10的就是DR，优先级为5的就是BDR

在现网中也不会去关心，让他本身去选举就能够了；oop

R2配置

1、接口IP

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ip address 12.0.0.2 255.255.255.252
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 ip address 23.0.0.1 255.255.255.252
#
interface LoopBack0
 ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
#

2、OSPF配置，指定router id，发布网段

[r2]ospf 10 router-id 2.2.2.2   
//进程号多少无所谓，只有本地意义，这里使用的是10，同时指定router id
[r2-ospf-10]area 1 
[r2-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.1]network 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
[r2-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.1]network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
[r2-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.1]network 23.0.0.0 0.0.0.3

R3配置

1、接口IP

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ip address 23.0.0.2 255.255.255.252
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 ip address 34.0.0.1 255.255.255.252
#
interface LoopBack0
 ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
#

2、OSPF配置，指定router id，发布网段

[r3]ospf 10 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-10]area 1
[r3-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.1]network 23.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
[r3-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.1]q
[r3-ospf-10]area 0
[r3-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
[r3-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0    //环回口也能够放到区域1中

R4配置

1、接口IP

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ip address 34.0.0.2 255.255.255.252
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 ip address 45.0.0.1 255.255.255.252
#
interface LoopBack0
 ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
#

2、OSPF配置，指定router id，发布网段

[r4]ospf 10 router-id 4.4.4.4
[r4-ospf-10]area 0
[r4-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
[r4-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
[r4-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r4-ospf-10]area 2
[r4-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.2]network 45.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
[r4-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.2]

3、查看OSPF的邻接关系

[r4-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.2]return //直接回到用户视图
<r4>display ospf peer brief 

     OSPF Process 10 with Router ID 4.4.4.4
          Peer Statistic Information
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/0             3.3.3.3          Full        
 0.0.0.2          GigabitEthernet0/0/1             5.5.5.5          Full        
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //能够看到R4的邻接关系有3和5

4、查看OSPF接口的信息

<r4>dis ospf interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

     OSPF Process 10 with Router ID 4.4.4.4
         Interfaces 

 Interface: 34.0.0.2 (GigabitEthernet0/0/0)
 Cost: 1       State: BDR       Type: Broadcast    MTU: 1500  
 Priority: 1
 Designated Router: 34.0.0.1
 Backup Designated Router: 34.0.0.2
 Timers: Hello 10 , Dead 40 , Poll  120 , Retransmit 5 , Transmit Delay 1

关于上面的Cost:1的理解

OSPF协议是使用的带宽来做为度量值的，100M除以接口获得的带宽，
这里试验中应该是100M/1G获得的应该是一个小数，可是度量值不多是一个小数，最小就是1；
这样致使接口是10G、1G、100M，得出的度量值都是1，不能真正区分出链路的优劣！
解决办法：
一、更改参考带宽的值，即将100M改成10G，或者100G，而后用更改后的值来除以接口，
可是须要在自治系统里的全部设备上进行更改，工做量巨大；
二、现网中通常采起直接给接口配置cost值；
如:学习

interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
ospf cost 10
//流量从cost小的走

R5配置

1、接口IP

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ip address 45.0.0.2 255.255.255.252
#
interface LoopBack0
 ip address 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255
#

2、OSPF配置，指定router id，发布网段

[r5]ospf 10 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-10]area 2
[r5-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.2]network 45.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
[r5-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.2]network 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0

3、查看OSPF的邻接关系

[r5]display ospf peer brief     //查看OSPF的邻接关系

     OSPF Process 10 with Router ID 5.5.5.5
          Peer Statistic Information
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    
 0.0.0.2          GigabitEthernet0/0/0             4.4.4.4          Full        
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //能够看到R5的邻接关系只有一个4

4、查看路由表，都学习到了

<r4>dis ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 13       Routes : 13       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        1.1.1.1/32  OSPF    10   3         D   34.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
        2.2.2.2/32  OSPF    10   2         D   34.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
        3.3.3.3/32  OSPF    10   1         D   34.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
        4.4.4.4/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
        5.5.5.5/32  OSPF    10   1         D   45.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
       12.0.0.0/30  OSPF    10   3         D   34.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
       23.0.0.0/30  OSPF    10   2         D   34.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
       34.0.0.0/30  Direct  0    0           D   34.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
       34.0.0.2/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
       45.0.0.0/30  Direct  0    0           D   45.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
       45.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

R6配置

1、启用RIP

[r6]rip 
[r6-rip-1]version 2     //启用版本2
[r6-rip-1]undo summary  //关闭自动汇总
[r6-rip-1]network 6.0.0.0   //宣告本身的网段，只能宣告有类网段
[r6-rip-1]network 16.0.0.0