八. k8s--configmap学习笔记

[TOC]html

为何使用configmap

不少状况下咱们为某一应用作好镜像,当咱们想修改其中的一些参数的时候,就变得比较麻烦,又要从新制做镜像,咱们是否是有一种方式,让镜像根据不一样的场景调用咱们不一样的配置文件呢,那咱们就须要用到 k8s 的另一种资源,那就是 ConfigMap。nginx

咱们知道,在几乎全部的应用开发中,都会涉及到配置文件的变动,好比说在web的程序中,须要链接数据库,缓存甚至是队列等等。而咱们的一个应用程序从写第一行代码开始,要经历开发环境、测试环境、预发布环境只到最终的线上环境。而每个环境都要定义其独立的各类配置。若是咱们不能很好的管理这些配置文件,你的运维工做将顿时变的无比的繁琐。为此业内的一些大公司专门开发了本身的一套配置管理中心,如360的Qcon,百度的disconf等。kubernetes也提供了本身的一套方案,即ConfigMap。kubernetes经过ConfigMap来实现对容器中应用的配置管理。web

建立configmap的四种方式

ConfigMap是用来存储配置文件的kubernetes资源对象,全部的配置内容都存储在etcd中。shell

建立ConfigMap的方式有4种:数据库

  • 经过直接在命令行中指定configmap参数建立,即--from-literal=key=value

    kubectl create configmap nginx-config --from-literal=nginx_port=80 --from-literal=server_name=myapp.magedu.com
    
    #查看configmap
    [root@master ~]# kubectl get cm
    NAME           DATA   AGE
    nginx-config   2      4s
    
    #查看configmap的具体信息
    [root@master ~]# kubectl describe configmaps nginx-config
    Name:         nginx-config
    Namespace:    default
    Labels:       <none>
    Annotations:  <none>
    
    Data
    ====
    nginx_port:
    ----
    80
    server_name:
    ----
    myapp.magedu.com
    Events:  <none>
  • 经过指定文件建立,即将一个配置文件建立为一个ConfigMap,--from-file=File_Path

    #文件内容
    cat manifests/configmap/www.conf
    server {
            server_name myapp.magedu.com;
        listen 80;
        root /data/web/html
    }
    
    #经过文件建立configmap
    kubectl create configmap nginx-www --from-file=./manifests/configmap/www.conf
    
    #查看configmap
    [root@master configmap]# kubectl describe configmaps nginx-www
    Name:         nginx-www
    Namespace:    default
    Labels:       <none>
    Annotations:  <none>
    
    Data
    ====
    www.conf:
    ----
    server {
      server_name myapp.magedu.com;
        listen 80;
        root /data/web/html
    }
    
    Events:  <none>
  • 经过一个文件内多个键值对,--from-env-file=

    cat << EOF > env.txt
    db.host=10.0.0.50
    db.port=3306
    EOF
    kubectl create cm env-cm --from-env-file=env.txt
    若是有多个env文件, 只有最后一个env文件会生效
    [root@master configmap_test]# cat game.properties
    enemies=aliens
    lives=3
    enemies.cheat=true
    enemies.cheat.level=noGoodRotten
    secret.code.passphrase=UUDDLRLRBABAS
    secret.code.allowed=true
    secret.code.lives=30
    
    [root@master configmap_test]# cat ui.properties
    color.good=purple
    color.bad=yellow
    allow.textmode=true
    how.nice.to.look=fairlyNice
    #执行命令建立configmap
    kubectl create configmap configmap-env --from-env-file=./game.properties --from-env-file=./ui.properties
    #能够看到, 只有ui.properties生效了
    [root@master configmap_test]# kubectl get configmaps configmap-env -o yaml
    apiVersion: v1
    data:
      allow.textmode: "true"
      color.bad: yellow
      color.good: purple
      how.nice.to.look: fairlyNice
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: "2019-09-11T01:58:17Z"
      name: configmap-env
      namespace: default
      resourceVersion: "186936"
      selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/configmaps/configmap-env
      uid: 4e36009f-267c-4713-8a7a-99d8f6dd3039
  • 事先写好标准的configmap的yaml文件,而后kubectl apply -f 建立

    [root@master configmap]# cat test.yaml
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: ConfigMap
    metadata:
      name: cm-4
    data:
      db.host: 10.0.0.50
      db.port: "3306"
    [root@master configmap]# kubectl apply -f test.yaml
    [root@master configmap]# kubectl describe cm cm-4
    Name:         cm-4
    Namespace:    default
    Labels:       <none>
    Annotations:  kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration:
                    {"apiVersion":"v1","data":{"db.host":"10.0.0.50","db.port":"3306"},"kind":"ConfigMap","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"cm-4","...
    
    Data
    ====
    db.host:
    ----
    10.0.0.50
    db.port:
    ----
    3306
    Events:  <none>

configmap结合pod使用

使用ConfigMap有二种方式:api

第一种是经过环境变量的方式,直接传递给pod

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod-cm-1   #name必须小写
  namespace: default
  labels:
    app: myapp
    tier: frontend
  annotations:
    create-by: tianpei.wang
spec:
  containers:
  - name: myapp
    image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1
    ports:
    - name: http
      containerPort: 80
    env:
    - name: NGINX_SERVER_PORT
      valueFrom:
        configMapKeyRef:
            name: nginx-config
            key: nginx_port
    - name: NGINX_SERVER_NAME
      valueFrom:
        configMapKeyRef:
            name: nginx-config
            key: server_name
#建立configmap
kubectl create configmap nginx-config --from-literal=nginx_port=80 --from-literal=server_name=myapp.magedu.com

#建立pod经过configmap注入到pod内
[root@master configmap]# kubectl apply -f pod-cm-1.yaml
pod/pod-cm-1 created

能够看到已经成功注入到pod中了
[root@master configmap]# kubectl exec -it pod-cm-1 -- /bin/sh
/ # printenv |grep NGINX
NGINX_SERVER_PORT=80
NGINX_SERVER_NAME=myapp.magedu.com
当以环境变量的方式注入pod时, 只在pod启动时加载, 后续更改configmap不会同步到pod内
## 第二种是做为volume的方式挂载到pod内
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod-cm-2   #name必须小写
  namespace: default
  labels:
    app: myapp
    tier: frontend
  annotations:
    create-by: tianpei.wang
spec:
  containers:
  - name: myapp
    image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1
    ports:
    - name: http
      containerPort: 80
    volumeMounts:
      - name: nginxconf
        mountPath: /etc/nginx/config.d
        readOnly: true
  volumes:
    - name: nginxconf
      configMap:
        name: nginx-config
#经过上边的yaml文件建立pod, 并将configmap以volumes的形式挂载到pod内
kubectl apply -f pod-cm-2.yaml

#能够看到已经生效了
[root@master configmap]# kubectl exec -it pod-cm-2 -- /bin/sh
/ # cd /etc/nginx/config.d/
/etc/nginx/config.d # ls
nginx_port   server_name
/etc/nginx/config.d # cat nginx_port
80

#将configmap的端口更改成8080
[root@master configmap]# kubectl edit cm nginx-config
configmap/nginx-config edited
[root@master configmap]# kubectl describe cm nginx-config
Name:         nginx-config
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>

Data
====
nginx_port:
----
8080
server_name:
----
myapp.magedu.com
Events:  <none>

#等待一段时间后生效了
[root@master configmap]# kubectl exec -it pod-cm-2 -- /bin/sh
/ # cd /etc/nginx/config.d/
/etc/nginx/config.d # ls
nginx_port   server_name
/etc/nginx/config.d # cat nginx_port
/etc/nginx/config.d # cat nginx_port
/etc/nginx/config.d # cat nginx_port
/etc/nginx/config.d # cat nginx_port
8080
​``````shell
wget https://k8s.io/examples/configmap/ui-env-file.properties -O configure-pod-container/configmap/ui-env-file.properties

configmap的item使用

建立configmap缓存

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: special-config
  namespace: default
data:
  SPECIAL_LEVEL: very
  SPECIAL_TYPE: charm

将configmap中的SPECIAL_LEVEL挂载到pod/etc/config/keysapp

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: test-pod
spec:
  containers:
    - name: test-container
      image: busybox
      command: [ "/bin/sh","-c","sleep 3600"]
      volumeMounts:
      - name: config-volume
        mountPath: /etc/config
  volumes:
    - name: config-volume
      configMap:
        name: special-config
        items:
        - key: SPECIAL_LEVEL
          path: keys

能够看到已经生效了运维

[root@master configmap_test]# kubectl exec -ti test-pod -- /bin/sh
/ # cat /etc/config/keys
very
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