做为运维人员能够经过Shell能够实现简单的控制流功能,如:循环、判断等。可是对于须要交互的场合则必须经过人工来干预,有时候咱们可能会须要实现和交互程序如telnet服务器等进行交互的功能。而Expect就使用来实现这种功能的工具。Expect是一个免费的编程工具语言,用来实现自动和交互式任务进行通讯,而无需人的干预。web
安装expect,直接yum install expect -y
shell
命令 | 解释 |
---|---|
spawn | 启动新的进程 |
send | 用于向进程发送字符串 |
expect | 从进程接收字符串 |
interact | 容许用户交互 |
exp_continue | 匹配多个字符串在执行动做后加此命令 |
通常步骤:编程
启动expect进程(spawn)--> 接收进程字符串(expect) --> 匹配字符串,成功发送字符串(send),不然等待 --> 结束vim
好了就直接步入主题吧,不扯那些没用的。直接上实例:bash
[root@localhost shell.sh]# vim test.exp #!/usr/bin/expectset timeout 30 spawn ssh -l root 192.168.1.106 expect { "(yes/no)?" { send "yes\r" } "password:" { send "jiajie\r" } } interact
参数 | 解释 |
---|---|
#!/usr/bin/expect | 说明使用的shell环境 |
set timeout 30 | 设置超时时间,单位为秒,-1为没有限制 |
spawn ssh... | 须要执行的命令,这里是ssh登录命令 |
expect "(yes/no)?" | 判断上次输出结果里是否包含(yes/no)?的字符串 |
send "yes\r" | 执行交互动做,接轨上一个命令,若是上面的expect执行成功,则发送yes |
interact | 执行完成后保持交互状态,把控制权交给控制台 |
执行该实例:./test.exp
服务器
若是报错-bash: ./test.exp: Permission denied
,给744权限便可。markdown
[root@localhost shell.sh]# vim test.expapp
#!/usr/bin/expect set ip 192.168.1.106 set user root set password jiajie set timeout 30 spawn ssh -l $user $ip expect { "(yes/no)?" { send "yes\r";exp_continue } "password:" { send "$password\r" } } interact
set:设置变量,后面直接变量,经过“$变量名”来调用运维
[root@localhost shell.sh]# vim test.exp #!/usr/bin/expect if {$argc!=3} { send_user "Usage:expect need three arguments:ip user password\n" exit 1 } set ip [lindex $argv 0] set user [lindex $argv 1] set password [lindex $argv 2] set timeout 30 spawn ssh -l $user $ip expect { "(yes/no)?" { send "yes\r";exp_continue } "password:" { send "$password\r" } } interact
[lindex $argv num]:表示位置参数,从num=0开始ssh
send_user: 打印当前提示,至关于shell里的echo.
[root@localhost shell.sh]# vim test.exp #!/usr/bin/expect if {$argc!=3} { send_user "Usage:expect need three arguments:ip user password\n" exit 1 } set ip [lindex $argv 0] set user [lindex $argv 1] set password [lindex $argv 2] set timeout 30spawn ssh -l $user $ip expect { "(yes/no)?" { send "yes\r";exp_continue } "password:" { send "$password\r" } } expect "]#" { send "useradd jj\r" } expect "]#" { send "echo jiajie|passwd --stdin jj\r" } send "exit\r"expect eofexit -onexit { send_user "useradd jj is successfully.\n" send_user "Jobs has finished,Goodbye.\n" }
执行后的结果输出:
[root@localhost shell.sh]# ./test.exp 192.168.1.106 root jiajie spawn ssh -l root 192.168.1.106root@192.168.1.106's password: Last login: Sat Sep 9 03:47:48 2017 from web [root@localhost ~]# useradd jj [root@localhost ~]# echo jiajie|passwd --stdin jj Changing password for user jj. passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [root@localhost ~]# exitlogout Connection to 192.168.1.106 closed. useradd jj is successfully. Jobs has finished,Goodbye.
send "exit\r":登陆出当前环境。
expect eof:结束expect匹配。
exit -onexit{...}:打印结束的提示信息。
[root@localhost shell.sh]# vim test.sh #!/bin/bash ip=$1 user=$2 password=$3 expect <<EOF set timeout 10 spawn ssh -l $user $ip expect { "yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue } "password" { send "$password\n" } } expect "]#" { send "useradd jj\n" } expect "]#" { send "echo jiajie|passwd --stdin jj\n" } expect "]#" { send "exit\n" } expect eof EOF
执行后的输出结果:
[root@localhost shell.sh]# ./test.sh 192.168.1.106 root jiajie spawn ssh -l root 192.168.1.106root@192.168.1.106's password: Last login: Sat Sep 9 04:10:46 2017 from web [root@localhost ~]# useradd jj [root@localhost ~]# echo jiajie|passwd --stdin jj Changing password for user jj. passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [root@localhost ~]# exit logout Connection to 192.168.1.106 closed. [root@localhost shell.sh]#
经过shell脚本经过调用expect脚本实现批量认证:
expect脚本:
[root@localhost shell.sh]# vim scp.exp #!/usr/bin/expect if {$argc!=3} { send_user "Usage:expect need three arguments lisk thks:file host dir\n" exit 1 } set srcname [lindex $argv 0] set hostname [lindex $argv 1] set destname [lindex $argv 2] set password "jiajie" spawn scp $srcname root@$hostname:$destnameset timeout 30 expect { # -timeout 2 "yes/no" {send "yes\r";exp_continue} "*password:" {send "$password\r"} # timeout {puts "expect connect failure,please contact admin.";return}} expect eofexit -onexit { send_user "Jobs has finished,Goodbye.\n" }
shell脚本:
[root@localhost shell.sh]# vim scp.sh #!/bin/bash if [[ "$#" != "2" ]];then echo "Usage:$0 src_filename des_filename" exit 0 fi IP_LIST=( 192.168.1.106 192.168.1.170 192.168.1.10) . /etc/init.d/functions for ip in ${IP_LIST[*]} do expect scp.exp $1 $ip $2 &> /dev/null if [ $? -eq 0 ];then action "$ip" /bin/true else action "$ip" /bin/false fi done
scp.sh脚本经过调用expect脚原本实现分发功能。执行结果以下:
[root@localhost shell.sh]# sh scp.sh /etc/fstab /tmp/ 192.168.1.106 [ OK ] 192.168.1.170 [ OK ] 192.168.1.10 [FAILED]
由于并无192.168.1.10全部报错。