Redis 集群管理常见操做

Redis 内置客户端 redis-cli 经过 --cluster 选项集成了多个 Redis 集群管理工具， 这些工具能够执行建立集群、向集群中添加或移除节点、对集群实施重分片以及负载均衡等操做， 它们每个都很是强大：

$ redis-cli --cluster help Cluster Manager Commands: create host1:port1 ... hostN:portN --cluster-replicas <arg> check host:port info host:port fix host:port reshard host:port --cluster-from <arg> --cluster-to <arg> --cluster-slots <arg> --cluster-yes --cluster-timeout <arg> --cluster-pipeline <arg> rebalance host:port --cluster-weight <node1=w1...nodeN=wN> --cluster-use-empty-masters --cluster-timeout <arg> --cluster-simulate --cluster-pipeline <arg> --cluster-threshold <arg> add-node new_host:new_port existing_host:existing_port --cluster-slave --cluster-master-id <arg> del-node host:port node_id call host:port command arg arg .. arg set-timeout host:port milliseconds import host:port --cluster-from <arg> --cluster-copy --cluster-replace help For check, fix, reshard, del-node, set-timeout you can specify the host and port of any working node in the cluster.

本文将对上述工具的其中一些进行介绍， 帮助你们初步地了解这些工具的基本用法。

建立集群的工做能够经过 create 命令来完成， 用户只须要给定各个节点的地址以及想要设置的从服务器数量便可。 好比说， 经过执行如下命令， 咱们能够建立出一个由三个主节点和三个从节点组成的集群：

$ redis-cli --cluster create 127.0.0.1:30001 127.0.0.1:30002 127.0.0.1:30003 127.0.0.1:30004 127.0.0.1:30005 127.0.0.1:30006 --cluster-replicas 1 >>> Performing hash slots allocation on 6 nodes... Master[0] -> Slots 0 - 5460 Master[1] -> Slots 5461 - 10922 Master[2] -> Slots 10923 - 16383 Adding replica 127.0.0.1:30004 to 127.0.0.1:30001 Adding replica 127.0.0.1:30005 to 127.0.0.1:30002 Adding replica 127.0.0.1:30006 to 127.0.0.1:30003 >>> Trying to optimize slaves allocation for anti-affinity [WARNING] Some slaves are in the same host as their master M: 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707 127.0.0.1:30001 slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master M: 4ff303d96f5c7436ce8ce2fa6e306272e82cd454 127.0.0.1:30002 slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master M: 07e230805903e4e1657743a2e4d8811a59e2f32f 127.0.0.1:30003 slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master S: 4788fd4d92387fc5d38a2cd12f0c0d80fc0f6609 127.0.0.1:30004 replicates 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707 S: b45a7f4355ea733a3177b89654c10f9c31092e92 127.0.0.1:30005 replicates 4ff303d96f5c7436ce8ce2fa6e306272e82cd454 S: 7c56ffba63e3758bc4c2e9b6a55caf294bb21650 127.0.0.1:30006 replicates 07e230805903e4e1657743a2e4d8811a59e2f32f Can I set the above configuration? (type 'yes' to accept): yes >>> Nodes configuration updated >>> Assign a different config epoch to each node >>> Sending CLUSTER MEET messages to join the cluster Waiting for the cluster to join .. >>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 127.0.0.1:30001) M: 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707 127.0.0.1:30001 slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master 1 additional replica(s) S: 4788fd4d92387fc5d38a2cd12f0c0d80fc0f6609 127.0.0.1:30004 slots: (0 slots) slave replicates 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707 S: b45a7f4355ea733a3177b89654c10f9c31092e92 127.0.0.1:30005 slots: (0 slots) slave replicates 4ff303d96f5c7436ce8ce2fa6e306272e82cd454 S: 7c56ffba63e3758bc4c2e9b6a55caf294bb21650 127.0.0.1:30006 slots: (0 slots) slave replicates 07e230805903e4e1657743a2e4d8811a59e2f32f M: 4ff303d96f5c7436ce8ce2fa6e306272e82cd454 127.0.0.1:30002 slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master 1 additional replica(s) M: 07e230805903e4e1657743a2e4d8811a59e2f32f 127.0.0.1:30003 slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master 1 additional replica(s) [OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration. >>> Check for open slots... >>> Check slots coverage... [OK] All 16384 slots covered.

经过执行 info 命令， 用户能够看到集群包含的主从节点数量， 以及集群中的键、槽分布信息：

$ redis-cli --cluster info 127.0.0.1:30001 127.0.0.1:30001 (4979f858...) -> 1 keys | 5461 slots | 1 slaves. 127.0.0.1:30002 (4ff303d9...) -> 4 keys | 5462 slots | 1 slaves. 127.0.0.1:30003 (07e23080...) -> 3 keys | 5461 slots | 1 slaves. [OK] 8 keys in 3 masters. 0.00 keys per slot on average.

添加节点/移除节点 在拥有了集群以后， 用户就能够经过执行 add-node 命令或者 del-node 命令， 向集群里面添加新节点又或者移除已有的节点。 好比说， 经过执行如下命令， 咱们能够把节点 30007 添加至集群当中：

redis-cli --cluster add-node 127.0.0.1:30007 127.0.0.1:30001 >>> Adding node 127.0.0.1:30007 to cluster 127.0.0.1:30001 >>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 127.0.0.1:30001) ... [OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration. >>> Check for open slots... >>> Check slots coverage... [OK] All 16384 slots covered. >>> Send CLUSTER MEET to node 127.0.0.1:30007 to make it join the cluster. [OK] New node added correctly.

又或者经过执行如下命令， 将 ID 为 e1971e... 的节点 30007 移出集群：

redis-cli --cluster del-node 127.0.0.1:30001 e1971eef02709cf4698a6fcb09935a910982ab3b >>> Removing node e1971eef02709cf4698a6fcb09935a910982ab3b from cluster 127.0.0.1:30001 >>> Sending CLUSTER FORGET messages to the cluster... >>> SHUTDOWN the node.

经过执行 reshard 命令， 用户能够将指定数量的槽从一个节点迁移至另外一个节点。 好比说， 经过执行如下命令， 咱们能够将 ID 为 4979f... 的节点 30001 目前负责的其中 10 个槽转交给 ID 为 1cd87d... 的节点 30007 负责：

$ redis-cli --cluster reshard 127.0.0.1:30001 --cluster-from 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707 --cluster-to 1cd87d132101893b7aa2b81cf333b2f7be9e1b75 --cluster-slots 10 >>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 127.0.0.1:30001) M: 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707 127.0.0.1:30001 slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master 1 additional replica(s) S: 4788fd4d92387fc5d38a2cd12f0c0d80fc0f6609 127.0.0.1:30004 slots: (0 slots) slave replicates 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707 S: b45a7f4355ea733a3177b89654c10f9c31092e92 127.0.0.1:30005 slots: (0 slots) slave replicates 4ff303d96f5c7436ce8ce2fa6e306272e82cd454 M: 1cd87d132101893b7aa2b81cf333b2f7be9e1b75 127.0.0.1:30007 slots: (0 slots) master S: 7c56ffba63e3758bc4c2e9b6a55caf294bb21650 127.0.0.1:30006 slots: (0 slots) slave replicates 07e230805903e4e1657743a2e4d8811a59e2f32f M: 4ff303d96f5c7436ce8ce2fa6e306272e82cd454 127.0.0.1:30002 slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master 1 additional replica(s) M: 07e230805903e4e1657743a2e4d8811a59e2f32f 127.0.0.1:30003 slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master 1 additional replica(s) [OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration. >>> Check for open slots... >>> Check slots coverage... [OK] All 16384 slots covered. Ready to move 10 slots. Source nodes: M: 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707 127.0.0.1:30001 slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master 1 additional replica(s) Destination node: M: 1cd87d132101893b7aa2b81cf333b2f7be9e1b75 127.0.0.1:30007 slots: (0 slots) master Resharding plan: Moving slot 0 from 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707 Moving slot 1 from 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707 Moving slot 2 from 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707 Moving slot 3 from 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707 Moving slot 4 from 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707 Moving slot 5 from 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707 Moving slot 6 from 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707 Moving slot 7 from 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707 Moving slot 8 from 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707 Moving slot 9 from 4979f8583676c46039672fb7319e917e4b303707 Do you want to proceed with the proposed reshard plan (yes/no)? yes Moving slot 0 from 127.0.0.1:30001 to 127.0.0.1:30007: Moving slot 1 from 127.0.0.1:30001 to 127.0.0.1:30007: Moving slot 2 from 127.0.0.1:30001 to 127.0.0.1:30007: Moving slot 3 from 127.0.0.1:30001 to 127.0.0.1:30007: Moving slot 4 from 127.0.0.1:30001 to 127.0.0.1:30007: Moving slot 5 from 127.0.0.1:30001 to 127.0.0.1:30007: Moving slot 6 from 127.0.0.1:30001 to 127.0.0.1:30007: Moving slot 7 from 127.0.0.1:30001 to 127.0.0.1:30007: Moving slot 8 from 127.0.0.1:30001 to 127.0.0.1:30007: Moving slot 9 from 127.0.0.1:30001 to 127.0.0.1:30007:

当集群中各个节点的槽配置趋于不均衡的时候， 各个节点负担的载荷就可能会出现区别， 并致使某些节点超负荷运行， 而某些节点则长时间空置。 为了解决这个问题， 用户能够经过执行 rebalance 命令， 让各个节点负责的槽数量从新回到平均状态。 好比说， 对于如下这个由三个节点组成， 而且三个节点分别负责 2000 、 11384 和 3000 个槽的集群来讲：

$ redis-cli --cluster info 127.0.0.1:30001 127.0.0.1:30001 (61d1f17b...) -> 0 keys | 2000 slots | 1 slaves. 127.0.0.1:30002 (101fbae9...) -> 0 keys | 11384 slots | 1 slaves. 127.0.0.1:30003 (31822e0a...) -> 0 keys | 3000 slots | 1 slaves. [OK] 0 keys in 3 masters. 0.00 keys per slot on average.

咱们能够经过执行如下命令来从新分配各个节点负责的槽：

$ redis-cli --cluster rebalance 127.0.0.1:30001 >>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 127.0.0.1:30001) [OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration. >>> Check for open slots... >>> Check slots coverage... [OK] All 16384 slots covered. >>> Rebalancing across 3 nodes. Total weight = 3.00 Moving 3462 slots from 127.0.0.1:30002 to 127.0.0.1:30001 #####...##### Moving 2461 slots from 127.0.0.1:30002 to 127.0.0.1:30003 #####...#####

在复杂均衡操做执行完毕以后， 集群各个节点负责的槽数量将趋于平均， 这样它们各自负担的载荷也会从新回到平均状态：

$ redis-cli --cluster info 127.0.0.1:30001 127.0.0.1:30001 (61d1f17b...) -> 0 keys | 5462 slots | 1 slaves. 127.0.0.1:30002 (101fbae9...) -> 0 keys | 5461 slots | 1 slaves. 127.0.0.1:30003 (31822e0a...) -> 0 keys | 5461 slots | 1 slaves. [OK] 0 keys in 3 masters. 0.00 keys per slot on average.

在集群的全部节点中执行命令 若是用户想要对集群中的全部节点执行同一个命令， 那么能够经过 call 命令来完成。 好比说， 经过执行如下命令， 用户就可让集群中的每一个节点都执行 DBSIZE 命令， 从而获得各个节点各自的数据库大小：

$ redis-cli --cluster call 127.0.0.1:30001 DBSIZE >>> Calling DBSIZE 127.0.0.1:30001: (integer) 0 127.0.0.1:30004: (integer) 0 127.0.0.1:30005: (integer) 3 127.0.0.1:30006: (integer) 0 127.0.0.1:30002: (integer) 3 127.0.0.1:30003: (integer) 0

好的， 关于 redis-cli --cluster 选项的简单介绍就到此结束了， 但愿这些介绍能够帮助你们更好地了解到这些命令。 你们有兴趣的话， 也能够以此为起点， 更加深刻地学习这些命令。

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