新特性解读 | MySQL 8.0 新特性-副本集(replicaset)

时间  2020-06-09
标签 特性 解读 mysql 8.0 副本 replicaset 栏目 MySQL 繁體版
原文   原文链接
做者：杨涛涛

引言

以前，我介绍过一篇《MySQL Innodb Cluster 扫盲篇》。html

MySQL Innodb Cluster = MySQL Shell + MySQL Router + MySQL Group Replication(MGR)mysql

全程由 MySQL Shell 来管理操做 MGR 的聚合套件。MySQL 8.0.19 发布后，这种组合延伸到 MySQL Replication（主从复制），也就是 MySQL Shell + MySQL Router + MySQL Replication。 sql

MySQL 主从复制，相信你们已经很是了解了，原理大概以下图：shell

mysql replication.png

1、环境准备

举个例子，搭建主从的基本步骤大概以下：bootstrap

  • 主机 A：192.168.2.171:4010
  • 从机 B/C：192.168.2.171:4011 / 192.168.2.171:4012

主机和从机通过简单的配置，后期其余配置本身任意搭配（不一样的主机要将 server-id 分别改为不一样的就好了）segmentfault

# my.cnf
server-id = 4010

log-bin=ytt

enforce_gtid_consistency=on
gtid_mode=on

log_slave_updates=on

master-info-repository=table
relay-log-info-repository=table
slave_parallel_type=logical
slave_parallel_workers=4

重启全部实例session

systemctl restart mysql@{4010,4011,4012}

而后在 A 上建立主从须要的用户，而且分别在 B 和 C 上执行 change master to 命令配置从机便可。app

我上面只是涉及到主从从零开始的场景，若是说主机 A 有数据，还得重加步骤。关于这点资料不少，我这里也就很少介绍了。那么对主从的管理没有搭建这么简单，稍微要繁琐些，譬如要实现以下的功能点：async

  1. 主从级别互换：主机降级为从机；从机升级为主机。
  2. 从机因为异常，没法恢复正常；或者恢复正常了，发现数据和主机有差别，必需要重作从机，恢复主从关系。
  3. 列出主从关系，可能要本身写个小脚本或者是利用 MySQL Utility 工具集或者是其余的工具集合。

那接下来来看看 MySQL 8.0.19 中 MySQL Shell 新特性：副本集以及管理。工具

2、副本集

副本集也就是极度简化了对 MySQL 主从的相关管理操做。

那接下来仍是用刚才那三个实例举例说明 MySQL Shell 怎么简化了相关操做。

进入 MySQL X 端口 40100

root@ytt-pc:/home/ytt/scripts# mysqlsh mysqlx://ytt@ytt-pc:40100
MySQL Shell 8.0.19

Copyright (c) 2016, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates.
Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.

Type '\help' or '\?' for help; '\quit' to exit.
Creating an X protocol session to 'ytt@ytt-pc:40100'
Fetching schema names for autocompletion... Press ^C to stop.
Your MySQL connection id is 12 (X protocol)
Server version: 8.0.19 MySQL Community Server - GPL
No default schema selected; type \use <schema> to set one.

2.1 建立副本集 ytt_replicaset

MySQL  ytt-pc:40100+ ssl  JS > var c1 = dba.createReplicaSet("ytt_replicaset")
A new replicaset with instance 'ytt-pc:4010' will be created.

* Checking MySQL instance at ytt-pc:4010

This instance reports its own address as ytt-pc:4010
ytt-pc:4010: Instance configuration is suitable.

* Updating metadata...

ReplicaSet object successfully created for ytt-pc:4010.
Use rs.addInstance() to add more asynchronously replicated instances to this replicaset and rs.status() to check its status.

查看帮助

能够看到全部的方法：c1.help()

查看当前副本集的状态

默认 RW，单机运行

MySQL  ytt-pc:40100+ ssl  JS > c1.status()
{
    "replicaSet": {
        "name": "ytt_replicaset", 
        "primary": "ytt-pc:4010", 
        "status": "AVAILABLE", 
        "statusText": "All instances available.", 
        "topology": {
            "ytt-pc:4010": {
                "address": "ytt-pc:4010", 
                "instanceRole": "PRIMARY", 
                "mode": "R/W", 
                "status": "ONLINE"
            }
        }, 
        "type": "ASYNC"
    }
}

添加从机

默认用克隆的方式复制数据

MySQL  ytt-pc:40100+ ssl  JS > c1.addInstance('ytt@ytt-pc:4011')
Adding instance to the replicaset...

* Performing validation checks

This instance reports its own address as ytt-pc:4011
ytt-pc:4011: Instance configuration is suitable.

* Checking async replication topology...

* Checking transaction state of the instance...

WARNING: A GTID set check of the MySQL instance at 'ytt-pc:4011' determined that it contains transactions that do not originate from the replicaset, which must be discarded before it can join the replicaset.

ytt-pc:4011 has the following errant GTIDs that do not exist in the replicaset:
a19a4ac4-3a98-11ea-8f47-9cb6d0e27d15:1-7

WARNING: Discarding these extra GTID events can either be done manually or by completely overwriting the state of ytt-pc:4011 with a physical snapshot from an existing replicaset member. To use this method by default, set the 'recoveryMethod' option to 'clone'.

Having extra GTID events is not expected, and it is recommended to investigate this further and ensure that the data can be removed prior to choosing the clone recovery method.

Please select a recovery method [C]lone/[A]bort (default Abort): C
* Updating topology
Waiting for clone process of the new member to complete. Press ^C to abort the operation.
* Waiting for clone to finish...
NOTE: ytt-pc:4011 is being cloned from ytt-pc:4010
** Stage DROP DATA: Completed
** Clone Transfer  
    FILE COPY  ############################################################  100%  Completed
    PAGE COPY  ############################################################  100%  Completed
    REDO COPY  ############################################################  100%  Completed

NOTE: ytt-pc:4011 is shutting down...

* Waiting for server restart... ready
* ytt-pc:4011 has restarted, waiting for clone to finish...
* Clone process has finished: 59.64 MB transferred in about 1 second (~1.00 B/s)

** Configuring ytt-pc:4011 to replicate from ytt-pc:4010
** Waiting for new instance to synchronize with PRIMARY...

The instance 'ytt-pc:4011' was added to the replicaset and is replicating from ytt-pc:4010.

用一样的方法添加实例 C

MySQL  ytt-pc:40100+ ssl  JS > c1.addInstance('ytt@ytt-pc:4012')

接下来看看新的主从状态，此时 ytt-pc:4010 为主机，ytt-pc:4011 和 ytt-pc:4012 为从机，而且状态都正常

MySQL  ytt-pc:40100+ ssl  JS > c1.status()
{
    "replicaSet": {
        "name": "ytt_replicaset", 
        "primary": "ytt-pc:4010", 
        "status": "AVAILABLE", 
        "statusText": "All instances available.", 
        "topology": {
            "ytt-pc:4010": {
                "address": "ytt-pc:4010", 
                "instanceRole": "PRIMARY", 
                "mode": "R/W", 
                "status": "ONLINE"
               }, 
            "ytt-pc:4011": {
                "address": "ytt-pc:4011", 
                "instanceRole": "SECONDARY", 
                "mode": "R/O", 
                "replication": {
                    "applierStatus": "APPLIED_ALL", 
                    "applierThreadState": "Waiting for an event from Coordinator", 
                    "applierWorkerThreads": 4, 
                    "receiverStatus": "ON", 
                    "receiverThreadState": "Waiting for master to send event", 
                    "replicationLag": null
                }, 
                "status": "ONLINE"
            }, 
            "ytt-pc:4012": {
                "address": "ytt-pc:4012", 
                "instanceRole": "SECONDARY", 
                "mode": "R/O", 
                "replication": {
                    "applierStatus": "APPLIED_ALL", 
                    "applierThreadState": "Waiting for an event from Coordinator", 
                    "applierWorkerThreads": 4, 
                    "receiverStatus": "ON", 
                    "receiverThreadState": "Waiting for master to send event", 
                    "replicationLag": null
                }, 
                "status": "ONLINE"
            }
        }, 
        "type": "ASYNC"
    }
}
 MySQL  ytt-pc:40100+ ssl  JS >

2.2 配置 MySQLRouter 路由实例

先用 MySQLrouter 来配置读写分离，而且分配虚拟端口

root@ytt-pc:/home/ytt/scripts# mysqlrouter --bootstrap ytt@ytt-pc:4010 --user=mysqlrouter --force-password-validation --report-host ytt-pc
Please enter MySQL password for ytt: 

# Bootstrapping system MySQL Router instance...

- Creating account(s) (only those that are needed, if any)
- Verifying account (using it to run SQL queries that would be run by Router)
- Storing account in keyring
- Adjusting permissions of generated files
- Creating configuration /etc/mysqlrouter/mysqlrouter.conf

Existing configuration backed up to '/etc/mysqlrouter/mysqlrouter.conf.bak'

# MySQL Router configured for the InnoDB ReplicaSet 'ytt_replicaset'

After this MySQL Router has been started with the generated configuration

重启 mysqlrouter

$ /etc/init.d/mysqlrouter restart
or
$ systemctl start mysqlrouter
or
$ mysqlrouter -c /etc/mysqlrouter/mysqlrouter.conf
//重启完毕
the cluster 'ytt_replicaset' can be reached by connecting to:

## MySQL Classic protocol

- Read/Write Connections: ytt-pc:6446
- Read/Only Connections:  ytt-pc:6447

## MySQL X protocol

- Read/Write Connections: ytt-pc:64460
- Read/Only Connections:  ytt-pc:64470

重启mysqlrouter
root@ytt-pc:/home/ytt/scripts# systemctl restart mysqlrouter

查看 router 路由

用 listRouters 方法详细的展现出 mysqlrouter 的路由信息，写端口为 6446/64460，读端口为 6447/64470

MySQL  ytt-pc:40100+ ssl  JS > c1.listRouters()
{
    "replicaSetName": "ytt_replicaset", 
    "routers": {
        "ytt-pc::system": {
            "hostname": "ytt-pc", 
            "lastCheckIn": "2020-01-19 17:26:08", 
            "roPort": 6447, 
            "roXPort": 64470, 
            "rwPort": 6446, 
            "rwXPort": 64460, 
            "version": "8.0.19"
        }
    }
}

2.3 测试读写端口

链接 6446，路由到实例 4010

root@ytt-pc:/home/ytt/scripts# mysql -uytt -p -hytt-pc -P6446 -e "select @@port" -ss
Enter password: 
4010

链接到 6447，随机路由到实例 4011 或者 4012

root@ytt-pc:/home/ytt/scripts# mysql -uytt -p -hytt-pc -P6447 -e "select @@port" -ss
Enter password: 
4011
root@ytt-pc:/home/ytt/scripts# mysql -uytt -p -hytt-pc -P6447 -e "select @@port" -ss
Enter password: 
4012

以上简单的演示下 mysql shell 操做主从复制的基本方法，下来分别看看主从级别互换、从实例删除、从实例加入场景。

2.4 场景实验

断开链接

MySQL  ytt-pc:40100+ ssl  JS > c1.disconnect();

从新获得副本集的名称

MySQL  ytt-pc:40100+ ssl  JS > var c1 = dba.getReplicaSet()
You are connected to a member of replicaset 'ytt_replicaset'.

提高从机为新主机，这里操做的实例是 ytt-pc:4012

MySQL  ytt-pc:40100+ ssl  JS > c1.setPrimaryInstance('ytt@ytt-pc:4012');
ytt-pc:4012 will be promoted to PRIMARY of 'ytt_replicaset'.
The current PRIMARY is ytt-pc:4010.

- Connecting to replicaset instances
  ** Connecting to ytt-pc:4010
  ** Connecting to ytt-pc:4011
  ** Connecting to ytt-pc:4012
  ** Connecting to ytt-pc:4010
  ** Connecting to ytt-pc:4011
  ** Connecting to ytt-pc:4012
- Performing validation checks
  ** Checking async replication topology...
  ** Checking transaction state of the instance...
- Synchronizing transaction backlog at ytt-pc:4012
- Updating metadata
- Acquiring locks in replicaset instances
  ** Pre-synchronizing SECONDARIES
  ** Acquiring global lock at PRIMARY
  ** Acquiring global lock at SECONDARIES
- Updating replication topology
  ** Configuring ytt-pc:4010 to replicate from ytt-pc:4012
  ** Changing replication source of ytt-pc:4011 to ytt-pc:4012

ytt-pc:4012 was promoted to PRIMARY.

查看新状态，4012 为新的主机，4011 和 4010 为从机

MySQL  ytt-pc:40100+ ssl  JS > c1.status()
{
    "replicaSet": {
        "name": "ytt_replicaset", 
        "primary": "ytt-pc:4012", 
        "status": "AVAILABLE", 
        "statusText": "All instances available.", 
        "topology": {
            "ytt-pc:4010": {
                "address": "ytt-pc:4010", 
                "instanceRole": "SECONDARY", 
                "mode": "R/O", 
                "replication": {
                    "applierStatus": "APPLIED_ALL", 
                    "applierThreadState": "Waiting for an event from Coordinator", 
                    "applierWorkerThreads": 4, 
                    "receiverStatus": "ON", 
                    "receiverThreadState": "Waiting for master to send event", 
                    "replicationLag": null
                }, 
                "status": "ONLINE"
            }, 
            "ytt-pc:4011": {
                "address": "ytt-pc:4011", 
                "instanceRole": "SECONDARY", 
                "mode": "R/O", 
                "replication": {
                    "applierStatus": "APPLIED_ALL", 
                    "applierThreadState": "Waiting for an event from Coordinator", 
                    "applierWorkerThreads": 4, 
                    "receiverStatus": "ON", 
                    "receiverThreadState": "Waiting for master to send event", 
                    "replicationLag": null
                }, 
                "status": "ONLINE"
            }, 
            "ytt-pc:4012": {
                "address": "ytt-pc:4012", 
                "instanceRole": "PRIMARY", 
                "mode": "R/W", 
                "status": "ONLINE"
            }
        }, 
        "type": "ASYNC"
    }
}
 MySQL  ytt-pc:40100+ ssl  JS >

从副本集中移除实例 4010

MySQL  ytt-pc:40100+ ssl  JS > c1.removeInstance("ytt@ytt-pc:4010");
The instance 'ytt-pc:4010' was removed from the replicaset.

从结果看到，4010 被成功移除，接下来再把 4010 添加进去

MySQL  ytt-pc:40100+ ssl  JS > c1.addInstance("ytt@ytt-pc:4010")
Adding instance to the replicaset...
* Updating topology
** Configuring ytt-pc:4010 to replicate from ytt-pc:4012
** Waiting for new instance to synchronize with PRIMARY...

The instance 'ytt-pc:4010' was added to the replicaset and is replicating from ytt-pc:4012.

3、总结

这篇介绍了 MySQL Shell 的新特性，管理 MySQL 主从复制，能够看到比传统的方式要简单的多。

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