Mac下安装LNMP(Nginx+PHP5.6)环境

【转自：http://avnpc.com/pages/install-lnmp-on-osx】

 

安装Homebrew

最近工做环境切换到Mac，因此以OS X Yosemite（10.10.1）为例，记录一下从零开始安装Mac下LNMP环境的过程

确保系统已经安装xcode，而后使用一行命令安装依赖管理工具Homebrew

ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

以后就可使用

brew install FORMULA

来安装所须要的依赖了。

brew（意为酿酒）的命名颇有意思，所有都使用了酿酒过程当中采用的材料/器具，名词对应如下的概念：

• Formula（配方） 程序包定义，本质上是一个rb文件
• Keg（桶）程序包的安装路径
• Cellar（地窖）全部程序包（桶）的根目录
• Tap（水龙头）程序包的源
• Bottle （瓶子）编译打包好的程序包

最终编译安装完毕的程序就是一桶酿造好的酒

更详细的信息参考Homebrew的官方Cookbook

所以使用Homebrew常见的流程是：

1. 增长一个程序源（新增一个水龙头） brew tap homebrew/php
2. 更新程序源 brew update
3. 安装程序包（按照配方酿酒） brew install git
4. 查看配置 brew config 能够看到程序包默认安装在/usr/local/Cellar下 （酒桶放在地窖内）

安装PHP5.6（FPM方式）

首先加入Homebrew官方的几个软件源

brew tap homebrew/dupes
brew tap homebrew/versions
brew tap homebrew/php

PHP若是采用默认配置安装，会编译mod_php模块并只运行在Apache环境下，为了使用Nginx，这里须要编译php-fpm而且禁用apache，主要经过参数--without-fpm --without-apache来实现。完整的安装指令为

brew install php56 \
--without-snmp \ --without-apache \ --with-debug \ --with-fpm \ --with-intl \ --with-homebrew-curl \ --with-homebrew-libxslt \ --with-homebrew-openssl \ --with-imap \ --with-mysql \ --with-tidy 

因为OSX已经自带了PHP环境，所以须要修改系统路径，优先运行brew安装的版本，在~/.bashrc里加入：

export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:$PATH"

若是要安装新的php扩展，能够直接安装而不用每次从新编译php，全部的扩展能够经过

brew search php56

看到，下面是我本身所须要的扩展，能够支持Phalcon框架：

brew install php56-gearman php56-msgpack php56-memcache php56-memcached php56-mongo  php56-phalcon php56-redis php56-xdebug

PHP-FPM的加载与启动

安装完毕后能够经过如下指令启动和中止php-fpm

php-fpm -D
killall php-fpm

同时能够将php-fpm加入开机启动

ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/php56/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php56.plist 

安装Nginx

brew install nginx

安装完毕后能够经过

nginx
nginx -s quit

启动和关闭，同时也支持重载配置文件等操做

nginx -s reload|reopen|stop|quit 

nginx安装后默认监听8080端口，能够访问http://localhost:8080查看状态。若是要想监听80端口须要root权限，运行

sudo chown root:wheel /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.2/bin/nginx sudo chmod u+s /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.2/bin/nginx 

并使用root权限启动

sudo nginx 

开机启动

ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/nginx/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist 

Nginx + PHP-FPM配置

Nginx通常都会运行多个域名，所以这里参考了@fish的方法，按Ubuntu的文件夹结构来存放Nginx的配置文件

mkdir -p /usr/local/var/logs/nginx mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl 

编辑Nginx全局配置

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

worker_processes  1; error_log /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/error.log debug; pid /usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 256; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] ' '"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent ' '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" ' '"$http_x_forwarded_for" $host $request_time $upstream_response_time $scheme ' '$cookie_evalogin'; access_log /usr/local/var/logs/access.log main; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; port_in_redirect off; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; } 

这样一来首先能够把一些可复用配置独立出来放在/usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d下，好比fastcgi的设置就能够独立出来

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm

内容为

location ~ \.php$ {
    try_files                   $uri = 404; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf; } 

而后/usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled目录下能够一个文件对应一个域名的配置，好比web服务器目录是/opt/htdocs

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default 

server {
    listen       80; server_name localhost; root /opt/htdocs/; location / { index index.html index.htm index.php; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm; } } 

此时启动了php-fpm而且启动了Nginx后，就能够经过http://localhost来运行php程序了

安装MySQL

brew install mysql

能够经过

mysql.server start mysql.server stop 

来启动／中止，启动后默认应为空密码，能够经过mysqladmin设置一个密码

mysqladmin -uroot password "mypassword"

可是在操做的时候出现了空密码没法登入的状况，最终只能经过mysqld_safe来设置

sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables mysql -u root mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('mypassword') WHERE User='root'; mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; 

最后将MySQL加入开机启动

cp /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.6.22/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/ 

Memcache

brew install memcached

启动/中止指令

memcached -d
killall memcached

加入开机启动

cp /usr/local/Cellar/memcached/1.4.20/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/ 

Redis

brew install redis

Redis默认配置文件不容许以Deamon方式运行，所以须要先修改配置文件

vim /usr/local/etc/redis.conf

将daemonize修改成yes，而后载入配置文件便可实现后台进程启动

redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis.conf

加入开机启动

cp /usr/local/Cellar/redis/2.8.19/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/ 

设置别名

最后能够对全部服务的启动中止设置别名方便操做

vim ~/.bash_profile

加入

alias nginx.start='launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist' alias nginx.stop='launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist' alias nginx.restart='nginx.stop && nginx.start' alias php-fpm.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist" alias php-fpm.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist" alias php-fpm.restart='php-fpm.stop && php-fpm.start' alias mysql.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist" alias mysql.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist" alias mysql.restart='mysql.stop && mysql.start' alias redis.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist" alias redis.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist" alias redis.restart='redis.stop && redis.start' alias memcached.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist" alias memcached.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist" alias memcached.restart='memcached.stop && memcached.start' 

安装其余项目支持

brew install composer node

安装Oh My Zsh

brew install zsh-completions
chsh -s /usr/local/bin/zsh
vim ~/.zshenv

加入内容

export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH 

而后

vim ~/.zshrc

加入内容

fpath=(/usr/local/share/zsh-completions $fpath)
autoload -Uz compinit compinit -u 

最后运行

rm -f ~/.zcompdump; compinit

查看正在使用的shell

dscl localhost -read Local/Default/Users/$USER UserShell 

安装Oh My Zsh

wget https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh -O - | sh 

参考

• 全新安装Mac OSX 开发者环境