git 使用笔记(二)

撤消操做

在最近使用 git 的过程当中,有时候遇到这样的一个问题:习惯性的 "add -A",这会将全部的修改都添加到暂存区,但是有两个文件的修改暂时不想添加的呀,这该怎么办?git 提供了一些撤销操做的方法。好比:css

取消已经暂存的修改

就像前面说的,习惯性的 "add -A" 将暂时不想添加的修改添加到了暂存区。而取消已经暂存的修改的方法,git 已经在你每次使用 git status 查看文件状态的时候给出了解决方案,git

➜  hexo-theme git:(master) ✗ git status
On branch master
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 2 commits.
  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)

Changes to be committed:
  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

    modified:   processing/README.md
    modified:   processing/layout/_partial/navigation.jade
    modified:   processing/layout/_widget/archive.jade
    modified:   processing/layout/_widget/categories.jade
    modified:   processing/source/css/_base/base.scss
    modified:   processing/source/css/_base/variables.scss
    modified:   processing/source/css/_partial/navigation.scss
    modified:   processing/source/css/style.scss

可使用 git reset HEAD ... 的方式取消暂存。 vim

➜  hexo-theme git:(master) ✗ git reset HEAD *
Unstaged changes after reset:
M   processing/README.md
M   processing/layout/_partial/navigation.jade
M   processing/layout/_widget/archive.jade
M   processing/layout/_widget/categories.jade
M   processing/source/css/_base/base.scss
M   processing/source/css/_base/variables.scss
M   processing/source/css/_partial/navigation.scss
M   processing/source/css/style.scss

这时再使用 git status 查看文件状态能够看到hexo

➜  hexo-theme git:(master) ✗ git status
On branch master
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 2 commits.
  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)

Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)

    modified:   processing/README.md
    modified:   processing/layout/_partial/navigation.jade
    modified:   processing/layout/_widget/archive.jade
    modified:   processing/layout/_widget/categories.jade
    modified:   processing/source/css/_base/base.scss
    modified:   processing/source/css/_base/variables.scss
    modified:   processing/source/css/_partial/navigation.scss
    modified:   processing/source/css/style.scss

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

能够看到,如今全部的修改都没有被暂存。命令行

取消对文件的修改

有一次,我正修复一个bug,修改本地仓库的一个文件,尚未完成时,同伴告诉我他已经修改好了,而且已经提交到远程了。我停下手头的工做,准备 pull ,这时候意识到,若是直接 pull,merge 的时候必然会冲突,由于我和同事同时修改了同一个文件的差很少相同的地方。可是我本身修改了文件不少地方,一味的 CTRL+Z 也难以解决问题,此时我须要将我修改的文件返回到修改以前的状态。很凑巧的是,在执行 git status 时,一样也给出了具体的撤销方法。code

➜  hexo-theme git:(master) git status
On branch master
Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.

Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)

    modified:   processing/layout/_widget/archive.jade
    modified:   processing/layout/_widget/categories.jade
    modified:   processing/layout/_widget/tags.jade
    modified:   processing/layout/layout.jade
    modified:   processing/source/css/_base/base.scss

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

使用 git checkout -- <filename> 来取消工做目录中的修改。jade

➜  hexo-theme git:(master) ✗ git checkout -- *
➜  hexo-theme git:(master) git status
On branch master
Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.

nothing to commit, working directory clean

效果显而易见!!这条命令有些危险,全部对文件的修改都没有了。若是一个不当心将本身须要的修改 discard 了,那就只有哭了……get

修改最后一次的提交

有时候在提交时,发现本身漏掉或者多选了几个文件,亦或者提交信息写错了,想要撤销刚才的提交操做,可使用 --amend 这个选项,从新提交scss

➜  hexo-theme git:(master) ✗ git add -A
➜  hexo-theme git:(master) ✗ git commit -m "commit wrong"
[master ebcbab2] commit wrong
 4 files changed, 78 insertions(+), 106 deletions(-)
 rewrite processing/source/css/_base/base.scss (64%)

发现本身提交了一个 "commit wrong" 的错误提交信息,也不用太紧张,输入指令it

git commit --amend

以后,会跳转到命令行中的 vim 中,提示你修改提交信息。只要没有推送到远程端,一切都好说~

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