Webpack4+Babel7+React16+Less简单配置笔记

时间  2019-11-17
标签 webpack4+babel7+react16+less webpack babel react 简单 配置 笔记 栏目 React 繁體版
原文   原文链接

Webpack4+Babel7+React16+Less简单配置笔记

1、项目初始化

新建一个项目react-initcss

mkdir react-init
cd react-init
复制代码

初始化html

yarn init -y
# 或
npm init -y
复制代码

2、安装Webpack

webpack4的安装须要安装两个，一个是webpack，另外就是webpack-clihtml5

yarn add webpack webpack-cli -D
# 或
npm i webpack webpack-cli -D
复制代码

3、创建webpack配置文件

在项目根目录下面建立config目录，并在该目录里面建3个配置文件，分别是：node

webpack.base.conf.js —— 共有配置react

webpack.dev.conf.js —— 开发环境配置webpack

webpack.prod.conf.js —— 生产环境配置web

由于使用了公共的配置项，因此为了可以使用公共项，须要引入另一个库，安装以下：npm

yarn add webpack-merge -D
# 或
npm i webpack-merge -D
复制代码

在webpack.base.conf.js里面写入：json

const path = require('path');
const DIST_PATH = path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist');
const APP_PATH = path.resolve(__dirname, '../src');

module.exports = {
  entry: {
    app: APP_PATH+'/index.js'
  },
  output: {
    filename: "js/[name].[chunkhash].js",
    path: DIST_PATH
  },
  resolve: {
    extensions: [".js", ".jsx", ".less"],
    alias: {
      "@": APP_PATH
    }
  },
}
复制代码

在webpack.dev.conf.js里面写入：浏览器

const path = require("path");
const merge = require("webpack-merge");
const baseWebpackConfig = require("./webpack.base.conf");

module.exports = merge(baseWebpackConfig, {
  mode: "development",
  output: {
    filename: "js/[name].[hash:16].js"
  },
  devtool: "inline-source-map",
});
复制代码

在webpack.prod.conf.js里面写入：

const merge = require("webpack-merge");
const baseWebpackConfig = require("./webpack.base.conf");

module.exports = merge(baseWebpackConfig, {
  mode: "production",
});
复制代码

在根目录下面建立src目录，而后建立index.js文件，做为整个项目的入口文件，建立App.jsx文件，做为react项目的根组件；

在根目录下面建立public目录，而后建立index.html文件，做为整个单页项目的模板文件；

index.html内容以下：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <!-- <title><%= htmlWebpackPlugin.options.title %></title> -->
    <title>React-Init</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="root"></div>
</body>
</html>
复制代码

在package.json里面，添加命令行脚本：

"scripts": {
  "build": "webpack --config config/webpack.prod.conf.js"
 }
复制代码

4、安装React

yarn add react react-dom
# 或
npm i react react-dom -S
复制代码

修改src/App.jsx文件以下：

import React, { Component } from "react";

class App extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <h1>Hello React</h1>
    );
  }
}

export default App;
复制代码

修改src/index.js文件以下：

import React from "react";
import ReactDom from "react-dom";

import App from "./App";

ReactDom.render(<App />, document.getElementById("root")); 复制代码

5、安装Babel

为了使ES6的模块化被支持以及可以转为浏览器识别的ES5代码，和JSX格式解析，必须引入对应的babel和babel插件，安装以下：

yarn add babel-loader @babel/core @babel/preset-env @babel/preset-react -D
# 或
npm i babel-loader @babel/core @babel/preset-env @babel/preset-react -D
复制代码

配置babel：

在webpack.base.conf.js里面

module.exports = {
  ...
  resolve: {
    extensions: [".js", ".jsx", ".less"],
    alias: {
      "@": APP_PATH
    }
  },
  // 如下是添加的内容
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.jsx?$/,
        use: 'babel-loader',
        include: APP_PATH
      },
    ]
  }
}
复制代码

而后在根目录新建.babelrc文件，内容以下：

{
  "presets": [
    "@babel/preset-env",
    "@babel/preset-react"
  ]
}
复制代码

6、添加Html模板

安装html-webpack-plugin插件：

yarn add html-webpack-plugin -D
# 或
npm i html-webpack-plugin -D
复制代码

这个能够将生成的JS文件自动加载到html的script标签内去，能够自定义html模板，具体看其在npm网站上的文档。

给webpack.prod.conf.js增长配置内容以下

...
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require("html-webpack-plugin");

module.exports = merge(baseWebpackConfig, {
  mode: "production",
  plugins: [
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      template: "public/index.html",
      minify: {
        removeComments: true,
        collapseWhitespace: true,
        removeAttributeQuotes: true
      }
    })
  ]
});
复制代码

此时，能够进行build了，运行

yarn build
# 或
npm run build
复制代码

若是没有报错，且根目录下生成dist目录，则表示以前的配置基本上正确了

webpack优化

生产过程当中，可使用clean-webpack-plugin对dist文件夹先进行清理：

yarn add clean-webpack-plugin -D
复制代码

而后在webpack.prod.conf.js里面增长以下内容：

...
const { CleanWebpackPlugin } = require("clean-webpack-plugin");
...
  plugins: [
    new CleanWebpackPlugin(),
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      template: "public/index.html",
      minify: {
        removeComments: true,
        collapseWhitespace: true,
        removeAttributeQuotes: true
      }
    })
  ]
...
复制代码

7、添加热加载开发环境

yarn add webpack-dev-server -D
复制代码

在webpack.dev.conf.js里面添加：

...
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require("html-webpack-plugin");
const webpack = require("webpack");

module.exports = merge(baseWebpackConfig, {
  ...
  plugins: [
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      template: "public/index.html",
      inject: "body",
      minify: {
        html5: true
      },
      hash: false
    }),
    new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin()
  ],
  devServer: {
    port: 3000,
    contentBase: path.join(__dirname, "../public"),
    compress: true,
    historyApiFallback: true,
    hot: true,
    https: false,
    noInfo: true,
    open: true,
    proxy: {}
  }
});
复制代码

而后在package.json的脚本里面：

"scripts": {
  "build": "webpack --config config/webpack.prod.conf.js",
  "dev": "webpack-dev-server --inline --progress --config config/webpack.dev.conf.js"
}
复制代码

执行

yarn dev
# 或
npm run dev
复制代码

便可在打开的浏览器里面进行访问，地址为localhost:3000

8、对CSS和Less处理

使用webpack咱们能够在js里面导入css或less文件，可是必须使用相应的loader才能进行处理。

yarn add css-loader mini-css-extract-plugin less less-loader postcss-loader autoprefixer -D
复制代码

在webpack.base.conf.js里面添加

...
const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require("mini-css-extract-plugin");
...
module.exports = {
  ...
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.jsx?$/,
        use: "babel-loader",
        include: APP_PATH
      },
      {
        test: /\.css$/,
        use: [
          MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
          {
            loader: "css-loader",
            options: {
              modules: true  // 使支持css modules
            }
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        test: /\.less$/,
        exclude: /node_modules/,
        use: [
          MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
          {
            loader: "css-loader",
            options: {
              modules: true
            }
          },
          {
            loader: "postcss-loader",
            options: {
              plugins: [require("autoprefixer")()]
            }
          },
          {
            loader: "less-loader",
            options: {
              modifyVars: {
                // 自定义的主题内容写在这里
              }
            }
          }
        ]
      },
    ]
  },
  plugins: [
    new MiniCssExtractPlugin({
      filename: "css/[name].[hash].css",
      ignoreOrder: false
    })
  ]
};
复制代码

为了使autoprefixer生效，须要在package.json里面添加以下内容：

"browserslist": [
  "last 4 version",
  "> 1%",
  "maintained node versions",
  "not dead"
]
复制代码

9、对字体和图片进行处理

安装loader：

yarn add file-loader url-loader -D
复制代码

在webpack.base.conf.js里面添加：

module.exports = {
  ...
  module: {
    rules: [
      ...
      {
        test: /\.(png|jpg|gif|jpeg|bmp|webp)$/,
        use: [
          {
            loader: "url-loader",
            options: {
              publicPath: "/",
              name: "images/[name].[ext]",
              limit: 512
            }
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        test: /\.(woff|svg|eot|woff2|tff)$/,
        use: "file-loader",
        exclude: /node_modules/
      }
    ]
  },
  ...
};
复制代码

到这里，基本上所须要的配置都已经OK了，那么所有的配置文件内容以下所示：

  1. webpack.base.conf.js

    const path = require("path");
const DIST_PATH = path.resolve(__dirname, "../dist");
const APP_PATH = path.resolve(__dirname, "../src");
const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require("mini-css-extract-plugin");

module.exports = {
  entry: {
    app: APP_PATH + "/index.js"
  },
  output: {
    filename: "js/[name].[chunkhash].js",
    path: DIST_PATH
  },
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.jsx?$/,
        use: "babel-loader",
        include: APP_PATH
      },
      {
        test: /\.css$/,
        use: [
          MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
          {
            loader: "css-loader",
            options: {
              modules: true
            }
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        test: /\.less$/,
        exclude: /node_modules/,
        use: [
          MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
          {
            loader: "css-loader",
            options: {
              modules: true
            }
          },
          {
            loader: "postcss-loader",
            options: {
              plugins: [require("autoprefixer")()]
            }
          },
          {
            loader: "less-loader",
            options: {
              modifyVars: {
                // 自定义的主题内容写在这里
              }
            }
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        test: /\.(png|jpg|gif|jpeg|bmp|webp)$/,
        use: [
          {
            loader: "url-loader",
            options: {
              publicPath: "/",
              name: "images/[name].[ext]",
              limit: 512
            }
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        test: /\.(woff|svg|eot|woff2|tff)$/,
        use: "file-loader",
        exclude: /node_modules/
      }
    ]
  },
  resolve: {
    extensions: [".js", ".jsx", ".less"],
    alias: {
      "@": APP_PATH
    }
  },
  plugins: [
    new MiniCssExtractPlugin({
      filename: "css/[name].[hash].css",
      ignoreOrder: false
    })
  ]
};
复制代码

  2. webpack.dev.conf.js

    const path = require("path");
const merge = require("webpack-merge");
const baseWebpackConfig = require("./webpack.base.conf");
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require("html-webpack-plugin");
const webpack = require("webpack");

module.exports = merge(baseWebpackConfig, {
  mode: "development",
  output: {
    filename: "js/[name].[hash:16].js"
  },
  devtool: "inline-source-map",
  plugins: [
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      template: "public/index.html",
      inject: "body",
      minify: {
        html5: true
      },
      hash: false
    }),
    new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin()
  ],
  devServer: {
    port: 3000,
    contentBase: path.join(__dirname, "../public"),
    compress: true,
    historyApiFallback: true,
    hot: true,
    https: false,
    noInfo: true,
    open: true,
    proxy: {}
  }
});
复制代码

  3. webpack.prod.conf.js

    const merge = require("webpack-merge");
const baseWebpackConfig = require("./webpack.base.conf");
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require("html-webpack-plugin");
const { CleanWebpackPlugin } = require("clean-webpack-plugin");

module.exports = merge(baseWebpackConfig, {
  mode: "production",
  plugins: [
    new CleanWebpackPlugin(),
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      template: "public/index.html",
      minify: {
        removeComments: true,
        collapseWhitespace: true,
        removeAttributeQuotes: true
      }
    })
  ]
});
复制代码

  4. .babelrc

    {
  "presets": ["@babel/preset-env", "@babel/preset-react"]
}
复制代码

  5. package.json

    {
  "name": "react-init",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "main": "index.js",
  "license": "MIT",
  "scripts": {
    "build": "webpack --config config/webpack.prod.conf.js",
    "dev": "webpack-dev-server --inline --progress --config config/webpack.dev.conf.js"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@babel/core": "^7.5.5",
    "@babel/plugin-transform-runtime": "^7.5.5",
    "@babel/preset-env": "^7.5.5",
    "@babel/preset-react": "^7.0.0",
    "autoprefixer": "^9.6.1",
    "babel-loader": "^8.0.6",
    "clean-webpack-plugin": "^3.0.0",
    "css-loader": "^3.2.0",
    "file-loader": "^4.2.0",
    "html-webpack-plugin": "^3.2.0",
    "less": "^3.9.0",
    "less-loader": "^5.0.0",
    "mini-css-extract-plugin": "^0.8.0",
    "postcss-loader": "^3.0.0",
    "url-loader": "^2.1.0",
    "webpack": "^4.39.1",
    "webpack-cli": "^3.3.6",
    "webpack-dev-server": "^3.7.2",
    "webpack-merge": "^4.2.1"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "react": "^16.8.6",
    "react-dom": "^16.8.6"
  },
  "browserslist": [
    "last 4 version",
    "> 1%",
    "maintained node versions",
    "not dead"
  ]
}
复制代码

整个项目的目录结构为：

react-init
├── config
│   ├── webpack.base.conf.js
│   ├── webpack.dev.conf.js
│   └── webpack.prod.conf.js
├── public
│   └── index.html
├── src
│   ├── App.jsx
│   ├── app.less
│   ├── assets
│   │   └── 01.jpeg
│   └── index.js
├── .babelrc
├── package.json
└── yarn.lock
复制代码
相关文章
相关标签/搜索
每日一句
    每一个你不满意的现在，都有一个你没有努力的曾经。
本站公众号
   欢迎关注本站公众号,获取更多信息
联系我们 最近搜索 最新文章 沪ICP备13005482号-10 MyBatis教程 SQL 教程 MySQL教程 Java 教程 Thymeleaf 教程 Hibernate教程 Spring教程 Redis教程