你们好,我是痞子衡,是正经搞技术的痞子。今天痞子衡给你们介绍的是飞思卡尔Kinetis系列MCU的KBOOT之完整性检测(Integrity Check)特性。html
Application完整性检测是很是重要的,想象一下若是你的系统中Application被人为破坏了一部分并注入异常代码,而系统在启动过程当中不能检测出Application的异常直接跳转执行,那么将会致使不可预测的结果,这种状况确定是要避免的,KBOOT在设计时考虑到这种状况的存在,特地引入了Integrity Check这一特性来解决这个问题。今天痞子衡就为你们介绍KBOOT中的Integrity Check特性:c++
KBOOT中使用了CRC32算法来检查Application的Integrity,痞子衡在前面文章 KBOOT配置(FOPT/BOOT Pin/BCA) 里介绍过KBOOT的BCA配置,其中跟CRC32相关的是offset为0x04 - 0x0f的12bytes:算法
typedef struct BootloaderConfigurationData { uint32_t tag; //!< [00:03] Tag value used to validate the BCA data. Must be set to 'kcfg'. uint32_t crcStartAddress; //!< [04:07] uint32_t crcByteCount; //!< [08:0b] uint32_t crcExpectedValue; //!< [0c:0f] // ... } bootloader_configuration_data_t;
要想使能Integrity Check功能,Application中必须包含有效的BCA配置数据(即tag需为'kcfg'),且crcStartAddress、crcByteCount、crcExpectedValue不能全为0xFFFFFFFF,而实际使用中crcStartAddress通常指向Application起始地址,crcByteCount为Application总长度(假定Application在内存中是连续的),crcExpectedValue为Application的CRC32 checksum。
知道了怎么使能Integrity Check,那有没有方便的工具为Application添加有效的Integrity Check数据呢?固然有!在\NXP_Kinetis_Bootloader_2_0_0\bin\Tools\KinetisFlashTool\win目录下面有一个KinetisFlashTool.exe工具,打开这个工具,选择【BCA Utilities】,并在Image File下面指定你的Application binary文件(此处以\NXP_Kinetis_Bootloader_2_0_0\apps\led_demo\MK80F25615\iar\binaries\led_demo_tower_0000.bin为例),而后点击【Config】便会弹出一个Kinetis Bootloader Configuration界面,确保Tag已被勾选,且在Crc check里勾选Enable并填写正确的Image Address,点击【ok】以后,回到主界面再点击【Save】,恭喜你,你的Application已经被添加了有效的Integrity Check数据。app
你能够用二进制编辑器打开你的Application binary文件查看Integrity Check数据是否添加成功,下面是痞子衡生成的新Application文件,能够看到crcStartAddress = 0, crcByteCount = 0x7A8, crcExpectedValue = 0x4779A38E。编辑器
Note 1: BCA里指定的CRC计算范围若是包含crcExpectedValue这4bytes的话,在计算CRC时会自动跳过这4bytes。
Note 2: BCA里指定的CRC计算长度若是不是4字节对齐,在计算CRC时会自动补0。工具
若是你使能了Integrity Check功能并把含有效Integrity Check配置的Application数据下载进了Flash,下一次芯片复位启动时会进入KBOOT执行,KBOOT会按照下面流程对Application进行完整性检测:ui
KBOOT首先会从Flash里加载BCA数据并检测BCA数据是否有效,当发现BCA和integrity check数据都是有效的,便会将Integrity Checker状态置为inactive,不然则会置为invalid;
当KBOOT对Application完成常规的有效性检查(初始PC地址是否合法)以后开始尝试跳转到Application,在跳转到Application以前会启动Integrity Checker流程,Integrity Checker正常工做的前提是其状态为inactive,Integrity Checker会分别检查CRC计算范围是否合法以及CRC结果是否匹配,仅当这些检查都经过时,Integrity Checker会返回passed状态通知KBOOT能够跳转Application。this
关于CRC32算法的具体实现有不少分支,KBOOT中使用的比较主流的MPEG2分支,其具体参数以下表所示:设计
上表中最重要的参数是多项式系数polynomial = 0x04C11BD7,这个参数值表明的是以下多项式:3d
x32+x26+x23+x22+x16+x12+x11+x10+x8+x7+x5+x4+x2+x+1
Kinetis芯片中都是有硬件CRC模块的,KBOOT中CRC32-MPEG2算法能够经过硬件CRC模块来实现,恩智浦官方SDK里提供了CRC模块的驱动,下面是KBOOT里对CRC驱动的封装:
#include "fsl_crc.h" /* Table of base addresses for crc instances. */ static CRC_Type *const g_crcBase[1] = CRC_BASE_PTRS; // initialize the members of the allocated crc32_data_t struct void crc32_init(crc32_data_t *crc32Config) { crc32Config->currentCrc = 0xffffffffU; crc32Config->byteCountCrc = 0; } // "running" crc32 calculation void crc32_update(crc32_data_t *crc32Config, const uint8_t *src, uint32_t lengthInBytes) { crc_config_t crcUserConfigPtr; CRC_GetDefaultConfig(&crcUserConfigPtr); crcUserConfigPtr.crcBits = kCrcBits32; crcUserConfigPtr.seed = crc32Config->currentCrc; crcUserConfigPtr.polynomial = 0x04c11db7U; crcUserConfigPtr.complementChecksum = false; crcUserConfigPtr.reflectIn = false; crcUserConfigPtr.reflectOut = false; // Init CRC module and then run it //! Note: We must init CRC module here, As we may seperate one crc calculation into several times //! Note: It is better to use lock to ensure the integrity of current updating operation of crc calculation // in case crc module is shared by multiple crc updating requests at the same time if (lengthInBytes) { lock_acquire(); CRC_Init(g_crcBase[0], &crcUserConfigPtr); CRC_WriteData(g_crcBase[0], src, lengthInBytes); crcUserConfigPtr.seed = CRC_Get32bitResult(g_crcBase[0]); lock_release(); } crc32Config->currentCrc = crcUserConfigPtr.seed; crc32Config->byteCountCrc += lengthInBytes; } // finalize the crc32 calculation for non-word-aligned counts void crc32_finalize(crc32_data_t *crc32Config, uint32_t *hash) { uint32_t extraBytes = crc32Config->byteCountCrc % 4; // pad with zeroes if (extraBytes) { uint8_t temp[3] = { 0, 0, 0 }; crc32_update(crc32Config, temp, 4 - extraBytes); } *hash = crc32Config->currentCrc; // De-init CRC module when we complete a full crc calculation CRC_Deinit(g_crcBase[0]); }
固然CRC32-MPEG2算法也能够经过软件来实现,下面是查表法实现CRC32-MPEG2的参考:
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Definitions //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //! @brief State information for the CRC32 algorithm. typedef struct Crc32Data { uint32_t currentCrc; //!< Current CRC value. uint32_t byteCountCrc; //!< Number of bytes processed. } crc32_data_t; //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Variables //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //! Table of CRC-32's of all single byte values. The values in //! this table are those used in the Ethernet CRC algorithm. static const uint32_t s_crc32Table[] = { 0x00000000, 0x04c11db7, 0x09823b6e, 0x0d4326d9, 0x130476dc, 0x17c56b6b, 0x1a864db2, 0x1e475005, 0x2608edb8, 0x22c9f00f, 0x2f8ad6d6, 0x2b4bcb61, 0x350c9b64, 0x31cd86d3, 0x3c8ea00a, 0x384fbdbd, 0x4c11db70, 0x48d0c6c7, 0x4593e01e, 0x4152fda9, 0x5f15adac, 0x5bd4b01b, 0x569796c2, 0x52568b75, 0x6a1936c8, 0x6ed82b7f, 0x639b0da6, 0x675a1011, 0x791d4014, 0x7ddc5da3, 0x709f7b7a, 0x745e66cd, 0x9823b6e0, 0x9ce2ab57, 0x91a18d8e, 0x95609039, 0x8b27c03c, 0x8fe6dd8b, 0x82a5fb52, 0x8664e6e5, 0xbe2b5b58, 0xbaea46ef, 0xb7a96036, 0xb3687d81, 0xad2f2d84, 0xa9ee3033, 0xa4ad16ea, 0xa06c0b5d, 0xd4326d90, 0xd0f37027, 0xddb056fe, 0xd9714b49, 0xc7361b4c, 0xc3f706fb, 0xceb42022, 0xca753d95, 0xf23a8028, 0xf6fb9d9f, 0xfbb8bb46, 0xff79a6f1, 0xe13ef6f4, 0xe5ffeb43, 0xe8bccd9a, 0xec7dd02d, 0x34867077, 0x30476dc0, 0x3d044b19, 0x39c556ae, 0x278206ab, 0x23431b1c, 0x2e003dc5, 0x2ac12072, 0x128e9dcf, 0x164f8078, 0x1b0ca6a1, 0x1fcdbb16, 0x018aeb13, 0x054bf6a4, 0x0808d07d, 0x0cc9cdca, 0x7897ab07, 0x7c56b6b0, 0x71159069, 0x75d48dde, 0x6b93dddb, 0x6f52c06c, 0x6211e6b5, 0x66d0fb02, 0x5e9f46bf, 0x5a5e5b08, 0x571d7dd1, 0x53dc6066, 0x4d9b3063, 0x495a2dd4, 0x44190b0d, 0x40d816ba, 0xaca5c697, 0xa864db20, 0xa527fdf9, 0xa1e6e04e, 0xbfa1b04b, 0xbb60adfc, 0xb6238b25, 0xb2e29692, 0x8aad2b2f, 0x8e6c3698, 0x832f1041, 0x87ee0df6, 0x99a95df3, 0x9d684044, 0x902b669d, 0x94ea7b2a, 0xe0b41de7, 0xe4750050, 0xe9362689, 0xedf73b3e, 0xf3b06b3b, 0xf771768c, 0xfa325055, 0xfef34de2, 0xc6bcf05f, 0xc27dede8, 0xcf3ecb31, 0xcbffd686, 0xd5b88683, 0xd1799b34, 0xdc3abded, 0xd8fba05a, 0x690ce0ee, 0x6dcdfd59, 0x608edb80, 0x644fc637, 0x7a089632, 0x7ec98b85, 0x738aad5c, 0x774bb0eb, 0x4f040d56, 0x4bc510e1, 0x46863638, 0x42472b8f, 0x5c007b8a, 0x58c1663d, 0x558240e4, 0x51435d53, 0x251d3b9e, 0x21dc2629, 0x2c9f00f0, 0x285e1d47, 0x36194d42, 0x32d850f5, 0x3f9b762c, 0x3b5a6b9b, 0x0315d626, 0x07d4cb91, 0x0a97ed48, 0x0e56f0ff, 0x1011a0fa, 0x14d0bd4d, 0x19939b94, 0x1d528623, 0xf12f560e, 0xf5ee4bb9, 0xf8ad6d60, 0xfc6c70d7, 0xe22b20d2, 0xe6ea3d65, 0xeba91bbc, 0xef68060b, 0xd727bbb6, 0xd3e6a601, 0xdea580d8, 0xda649d6f, 0xc423cd6a, 0xc0e2d0dd, 0xcda1f604, 0xc960ebb3, 0xbd3e8d7e, 0xb9ff90c9, 0xb4bcb610, 0xb07daba7, 0xae3afba2, 0xaafbe615, 0xa7b8c0cc, 0xa379dd7b, 0x9b3660c6, 0x9ff77d71, 0x92b45ba8, 0x9675461f, 0x8832161a, 0x8cf30bad, 0x81b02d74, 0x857130c3, 0x5d8a9099, 0x594b8d2e, 0x5408abf7, 0x50c9b640, 0x4e8ee645, 0x4a4ffbf2, 0x470cdd2b, 0x43cdc09c, 0x7b827d21, 0x7f436096, 0x7200464f, 0x76c15bf8, 0x68860bfd, 0x6c47164a, 0x61043093, 0x65c52d24, 0x119b4be9, 0x155a565e, 0x18197087, 0x1cd86d30, 0x029f3d35, 0x065e2082, 0x0b1d065b, 0x0fdc1bec, 0x3793a651, 0x3352bbe6, 0x3e119d3f, 0x3ad08088, 0x2497d08d, 0x2056cd3a, 0x2d15ebe3, 0x29d4f654, 0xc5a92679, 0xc1683bce, 0xcc2b1d17, 0xc8ea00a0, 0xd6ad50a5, 0xd26c4d12, 0xdf2f6bcb, 0xdbee767c, 0xe3a1cbc1, 0xe760d676, 0xea23f0af, 0xeee2ed18, 0xf0a5bd1d, 0xf464a0aa, 0xf9278673, 0xfde69bc4, 0x89b8fd09, 0x8d79e0be, 0x803ac667, 0x84fbdbd0, 0x9abc8bd5, 0x9e7d9662, 0x933eb0bb, 0x97ffad0c, 0xafb010b1, 0xab710d06, 0xa6322bdf, 0xa2f33668, 0xbcb4666d, 0xb8757bda, 0xb5365d03, 0xb1f740b4 }; //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Code //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // initialize the members of the allocated crc32_data_t struct void crc32_init(crc32_data_t *crc32Config) { // initialize running crc and byte count crc32Config->currentCrc = 0xFFFFFFFF; crc32Config->byteCountCrc = 0; } // "running" crc32 calculation void crc32_update(crc32_data_t *crc32Config, const uint8_t *src, uint32_t lengthInBytes) { uint32_t crc = crc32Config->currentCrc; crc32Config->byteCountCrc += lengthInBytes; while (lengthInBytes--) { uint8_t c = *src++ & 0xff; crc = (crc << 8) ^ s_crc32Table[(crc >> 24) ^ c]; } crc32Config->currentCrc = crc; } // finalize the crc32 calculation for non-word-aligned counts void crc32_finalize(crc32_data_t *crc32Config, uint32_t *hash) { uint32_t crc = crc32Config->currentCrc; uint32_t byteCount = crc32Config->byteCountCrc; // pad with zeroes if (byteCount % 4) { uint32_t i; for (i = byteCount % 4; i < 4; i++) { crc = (crc << 8) ^ s_crc32Table[(crc >> 24) ^ 0]; } } crc32Config->currentCrc = crc; *hash = crc32Config->currentCrc; }
至此,飞思卡尔Kinetis系列MCU的KBOOT之完整性检测(Integrity Check)痞子衡便介绍完毕了,掌声在哪里~~~