前面已经讲过zuul在application.yml里配置路由规则,将用户请求分发至不一样微服务的例子。java
zuul做为一个网关,是用户请求的入口,担当鉴权、转发的重任,理应保持高可用性和具有动态配置的能力。web
我画了一个实际中可能使用的配置框架,如图。spring
当用户发起请求后,首先经过并发能力强、能承担更多用户请求的负载均衡器进行第一步的负载均衡,将大量的请求分发至多个网关服务。这是分布式的第一步。若是是使用docker的话,而且使用rancher进行docker管理,那么能够很简单的使用rancher自带的负载均衡,建立HaProxy,将请求分发至多个Zuul的docker容器。使用多个zuul的缘由便是避免单点故障,因为网关很是重要,尽可能配置多个实例。docker
而后在Zuul网关中,执行完自定义的网关职责后,将请求转发至另外一个HaProxy负载的微服务集群,一样是避免微服务单点故障和性能瓶颈。数据库
最后由具体的微服务处理用户请求并返回结果。api
那么为何要设置zuul的动态配置呢,由于网关其特殊性,咱们不但愿它重启再加载新的配置,并且若是能实时动态配置,咱们就能够完成无感知的微服务迁移替换,在某种程度还能够完成服务降级的功能。并发
zuul的动态配置也很简单,这里咱们参考http://blog.csdn.net/u013815546/article/details/68944039 并使用他的方法,从数据库读取配置信息,刷新配置。app
看实现类负载均衡
配置文件里咱们能够不配置zuul的任何路由,所有交给数据库配置。框架
import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.RefreshableRouteLocator; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.SimpleRouteLocator; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.ZuulProperties; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate; import org.springframework.util.StringUtils; import java.util.LinkedHashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; public class CustomRouteLocator extends SimpleRouteLocator implements RefreshableRouteLocator { public final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomRouteLocator.class); private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; private ZuulProperties properties; public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) { this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate; } public CustomRouteLocator(String servletPath, ZuulProperties properties) { super(servletPath, properties); this.properties = properties; logger.info("servletPath:{}", servletPath); } //父类已经提供了这个方法,这里写出来只是为了说明这一个方法很重要!!! // @Override // protected void doRefresh() { // super.doRefresh(); // } @Override public void refresh() { doRefresh(); } @Override protected Map<String, ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute> locateRoutes() { LinkedHashMap<String, ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute> routesMap = new LinkedHashMap<>(); //从application.properties中加载路由信息 routesMap.putAll(super.locateRoutes()); //从db中加载路由信息 routesMap.putAll(locateRoutesFromDB()); //优化一下配置 LinkedHashMap<String, ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute> values = new LinkedHashMap<>(); for (Map.Entry<String, ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute> entry : routesMap.entrySet()) { String path = entry.getKey(); // Prepend with slash if not already present. if (!path.startsWith("/")) { path = "/" + path; } if (StringUtils.hasText(this.properties.getPrefix())) { path = this.properties.getPrefix() + path; if (!path.startsWith("/")) { path = "/" + path; } } values.put(path, entry.getValue()); } return values; } private Map<String, ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute> locateRoutesFromDB() { Map<String, ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute> routes = new LinkedHashMap<>(); List<ZuulRouteVO> results = jdbcTemplate.query("select * from gateway_api_define where enabled = true ", new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(ZuulRouteVO.class)); for (ZuulRouteVO result : results) { if (StringUtils.isEmpty(result.getPath()) ) { continue; } if (StringUtils.isEmpty(result.getServiceId()) && StringUtils.isEmpty(result.getUrl())) { continue; } ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute zuulRoute = new ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute(); try { BeanUtils.copyProperties(result, zuulRoute); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("=============load zuul route info from db with error==============", e); } routes.put(zuulRoute.getPath(), zuulRoute); } return routes; } public static class ZuulRouteVO { /** * The ID of the route (the same as its map key by default). */ private String id; /** * The path (pattern) for the route, e.g. /foo/**. */ private String path; /** * The service ID (if any) to map to this route. You can specify a physical URL or * a service, but not both. */ private String serviceId; /** * A full physical URL to map to the route. An alternative is to use a service ID * and service discovery to find the physical address. */ private String url; /** * Flag to determine whether the prefix for this route (the path, minus pattern * patcher) should be stripped before forwarding. */ private boolean stripPrefix = true; /** * Flag to indicate that this route should be retryable (if supported). Generally * retry requires a service ID and ribbon. */ private Boolean retryable; private Boolean enabled; public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public String getPath() { return path; } public void setPath(String path) { this.path = path; } public String getServiceId() { return serviceId; } public void setServiceId(String serviceId) { this.serviceId = serviceId; } public String getUrl() { return url; } public void setUrl(String url) { this.url = url; } public boolean isStripPrefix() { return stripPrefix; } public void setStripPrefix(boolean stripPrefix) { this.stripPrefix = stripPrefix; } public Boolean getRetryable() { return retryable; } public void setRetryable(Boolean retryable) { this.retryable = retryable; } public Boolean getEnabled() { return enabled; } public void setEnabled(Boolean enabled) { this.enabled = enabled; } } }
package com.tianyalei.testzuul.config; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ServerProperties; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.ZuulProperties; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate; @Configuration public class CustomZuulConfig { @Autowired ZuulProperties zuulProperties; @Autowired ServerProperties server; @Autowired JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; @Bean public CustomRouteLocator routeLocator() { CustomRouteLocator routeLocator = new CustomRouteLocator(this.server.getServletPrefix(), this.zuulProperties); routeLocator.setJdbcTemplate(jdbcTemplate); return routeLocator; } }
下面的config类功能就是使用自定义的RouteLocator类,上面的类就是这个自定义类。
里面主要是一个方法,locateRoutes方法,该方法就是zuul设置路由规则的地方,在方法里作了2件事,一是从application.yml读取配置的路由信息,二是从数据库里读取路由信息,因此数据库里须要一个各字段和ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute同样的表,存储路由信息,从数据库读取后添加到系统的Map<String, ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute>中。
在实际的路由中,zuul就是按照Map<String, ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute>里的信息进行路由转发的。
建表语句:
create table `gateway_api_define` ( `id` varchar(50) not null, `path` varchar(255) not null, `service_id` varchar(50) default null, `url` varchar(255) default null, `retryable` tinyint(1) default null, `enabled` tinyint(1) not null, `strip_prefix` int(11) default null, `api_name` varchar(255) default null, primary key (`id`) ) engine=innodb default charset=utf8 INSERT INTO gateway_api_define (id, path, service_id, retryable, strip_prefix, url, enabled) VALUES ('user', '/user/**', null,0,1, 'http://localhost:8081', 1); INSERT INTO gateway_api_define (id, path, service_id, retryable, strip_prefix, url, enabled) VALUES ('club', '/club/**', null,0,1, 'http://localhost:8090', 1);
经过上面的两个类,再结合前面几篇讲过的zuul的使用,就能够自行测试一下在数据库里配置的信息可否在zuul中生效了。
数据库里的各字段分别对应本来在yml里配置的同名属性,如path,service_id,url等,等于把配置文件存到数据库里。
至于修改数据库值信息后(增删改),让zuul动态生效须要借助于下面的方法
package com.tianyalei.testzuul.config; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.RoutesRefreshedEvent; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.RouteLocator; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisher; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service public class RefreshRouteService { @Autowired ApplicationEventPublisher publisher; @Autowired RouteLocator routeLocator; public void refreshRoute() { RoutesRefreshedEvent routesRefreshedEvent = new RoutesRefreshedEvent(routeLocator); publisher.publishEvent(routesRefreshedEvent); } }
能够定义一个Controller,在Controller里调用refreshRoute方法便可,zuul就会从新加载一遍路由信息,完成刷新功能。经过修改数据库,而后刷新,经测试是正常的。
@RestController public class RefreshController { @Autowired RefreshRouteService refreshRouteService; @Autowired ZuulHandlerMapping zuulHandlerMapping; @GetMapping("/refreshRoute") public String refresh() { refreshRouteService.refreshRoute(); return "refresh success"; } @RequestMapping("/watchRoute") public Object watchNowRoute() { //能够用debug模式看里面具体是什么 Map<String, Object> handlerMap = zuulHandlerMapping.getHandlerMap(); return handlerMap; } }
参考http://blog.csdn.net/u013815546/article/details/68944039,做者从源码角度讲解了动态配置的使用。
https://blog.csdn.net/tianyaleixiaowu/article/details/77933295?locationNum=5&fps=1