（三）Nginx配置·续

概述

• 前文写了关于Nginx环境配置，可是尚未完，接下来将会继续讲三个相关的配置
• 主要是如下三个 1.Nginx访问日志 2.Nginx日志切割 3.静态文件不记录日志和过时时间

Nginx访问日志

1.先看看日志格式

#日志的路径
[root@centos7mei ~]# vim /usr/local/ngin/conf/nginx.conf
#搜索log_format
#注意下面这段
 log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'
    ' $host "$request_uri" $status'
    ' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';

名词解释：

名称	解释
$remote_addr	客户端IP(公网IP)
$http_x_forwarded_for	代理服务器的IP
$time_local	服务器本地时间
$host	访问主机名（域名）
$request_uri	访问的url地址
$status	状态码
$http_referer	referer
$http_user_agent	user_agent

2.刚才在主配置文件中定义了日志格式，接下来还须要在虚拟主机配置中定义日志的储存路径，最后面指定日志的格式名字

[root@centos7mei ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/
[root@centos7mei vhost]# ls
default.conf  test.com.conf
#编辑配置文件
[root@centos7mei vhost]# vim test.com.conf
#内容以下
[root@centos7mei vhost]# cat test.com.conf
server
{
    listen 80;
    server_name test.com test2.com test3.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
    if ($host != 'test.com' ) {
        rewrite  ^/(.*)$  http://test.com/$1  permanent;
    }
	#加上这一行
    access_log /tmp/1.log combined_realip;
}
#检查读写并从新加载服务
[root@centos7mei vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos7mei vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

3.测试

#访问两次网站
[root@centos7mei vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test3.com/index.html/SDFAS -I
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx/1.8.0
Date: Fri, 17 Aug 2018 18:24:04 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 184
Connection: keep-alive
Location: http://test.com/index.html/SDFAS

[root@centos7mei vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test2.com/index.html/SDFAS -I
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx/1.8.0
Date: Fri, 17 Aug 2018 18:24:23 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 184
Connection: keep-alive
Location: http://test.com/index.html/SDFAS
#这里的问题是直接抄视频，没看本身写的具体路径
[root@centos7mei vhost]# cat /tmp/test.com.log
cat: /tmp/test.com.log: No such file or directory
#这下面就能看到访问日志了
[root@centos7mei vhost]# cat /tmp/1.log 
127.0.0.1 - [18/Aug/2018:02:24:04 +0800] test3.com "/index.html/SDFAS" 301 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - [18/Aug/2018:02:24:23 +0800] test2.com "/index.html/SDFAS" 301 "-" "curl/7.29.0"

Nginx日志切割

• 日志记录了不少东西，但不是每一个都是有用的，因此须要对其作一些操做，去其糟粕取其精华。
• 切割日志须要用到shell脚本

1.添加脚本

[root@centos7mei vhost]# vim /usr/local/sbin/nginx_log_rotate.sh
#脚本内容
[root@centos7mei vhost]# cat /usr/local/sbin/nginx_log_rotate.sh
#! /bin/bash
## 假设nginx的日志存放路径为/data/logs/
d=`date -d "-1 day" +%Y%m%d` 
logdir="/tmp/"
nginx_pid="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
cd $logdir
for log in `ls *.log`
do
    mv $log $log-$d
done
/bin/kill -HUP `cat $nginx_pid`
#执行一下脚本
[root@centos7mei vhost]# sh -x /usr/local/sbin/nginx_log_rotate.sh
++ date -d '-1 day' +%Y%m%d
+ d=20180817
+ logdir=/tmp/
+ nginx_pid=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
+ cd /tmp/
++ ls 1.log
+ for log in '`ls *.log`'
+ mv 1.log 1.log-20180817
++ cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
+ /bin/kill -HUP 16489

2，测试

#清理文件
[root@centos7mei vhost]# find /tmp/ -name *.log-* -type f -mtime +30 |xargs rm
#这里报错是由于没有知足条件的文件
rm: missing operand
Try 'rm --help' for more information.
#查找下
[root@centos7mei vhost]# find /tmp/ -name *.log-* -type f 
/tmp/1.log-20180817
## 最后添加计划任务，清理文件总不能咱们本身天天手动清理吧
[root@centos7mei vhost]# crontab -e
#内容
0 0 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/sbin/nginx_log_rotate.sh

静态文件不记录日志和过时时间

• 静态文件能够不记录日志，缘由是除了占空间，没别的什么用

ps: 不记录日志就是说咱们在访客记录中看不到，访客访问静态文件的信息

• 简单的来讲就是添加配置文件，让访问日志不记录静态文件,还有给图片缓存添加过时时间

1.编辑配置文件

#进入虚拟主机配置文件
[root@centos7mei vhost]# vim test.com.conf
#内容
[root@centos7mei vhost]# cat test.com.conf
server
{
    listen 80;
    server_name test.com test2.com test3.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
    if ($host != 'test.com' ) {
        rewrite  ^/(.*)$  http://test.com/$1  permanent;
    }
	#主要是这里到access_log前面的括号完
    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
    {
          #过时时间
		  expires      7d;
	      #表示 不记录访问日志
          access_log off;
    }
    location ~ .*\.(js|css)$
    {
          expires      12h;
          access_log off;
    }
    
    access_log /tmp/1.log combined_realip;
}
#检查读写和从新加载服务
[root@centos7mei vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos7mei vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

2.测试

#这里咱们建立两个图片文件，就是图片格式结尾的文件，而后去访问，最后查看访问日志
[root@centos7mei vhost]# cd /data/wwwroot/test.com/
[root@centos7mei test.com]# ls
index.html
#这里马虎的出现了一个符号错误
[root@centos7mei test.com]# vim 1,gif
[root@centos7mei test.com]# vim 2.gs
#致使访问出现404
[root@centos7mei test.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/1.gif
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.8.0</center>
</body>
</html>
#原来是点写成了逗号，根本没那个文件，因此报错了
[root@centos7mei test.com]# ls
1,gif  2.gs  index.html
[root@centos7mei test.com]# rm -f 1,gif
[root@centos7mei test.com]# ls
2.gs  index.html
[root@centos7mei test.com]# vim 1.gif
[root@centos7mei test.com]# ls
1.gif  2.gs  index.html
#链接下
[root@centos7mei test.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/1.gif
fdsafs:
[root@centos7mei test.com]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/2.gs
dasdfsfdadf
[root@centos7mei test.com]# curl -I -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/1.GIF
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Server: nginx/1.8.0
Date: Sat, 18 Aug 2018 01:21:14 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 168
Connection: keep-alive
#添加-I选项能看到更加详细的信息
[root@centos7mei test.com]# curl -I -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/1.gif
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.8.0
Date: Sat, 18 Aug 2018 01:21:21 GMT
Content-Type: image/gif
Content-Length: 8
Last-Modified: Sat, 18 Aug 2018 01:04:52 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5b7770b4-8"
Expires: Sat, 25 Aug 2018 01:21:21 GMT
Cache-Control: max-age=604800
Accept-Ranges: bytes
#这里能看到咱们访问的1.gif(小写的)就没有记录到日志里面了
[root@centos7mei test.com]# cat /tmp/1.log
127.0.0.1 - [18/Aug/2018:03:35:40 +0800] test2.com "/index.html/SDFAS" 301 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
127.0.0.1 - [18/Aug/2018:09:21:14 +0800] test.com "/1.GIF" 404 "-" "curl/7.29.0"