文献及写作

文献管理及论文写作相关


这主要是一门课的课程作业,趁这个机会就整理了一些,需要的可以看看,文献管理要从娃娃抓起,刚入学就应该重视了。

文献管理

常用检索系统

收费商业学术文献数据库(一般高校内网都可以进)(依次为个人常用顺序)

  • WEB OF SCIENCE
  • ELSEVIER
  • ScienceDirect

免费学术文献网站(部分需翻墙)(依次为个人常用顺序)

如果平常英文文献看的多,推荐可以找到适合自己的一条翻墙途径(不干其他违法乱纪的事情就可以),这个对于文献和资料的查阅还是有很大帮助的。

文献下载网站

我一般都是在SCI-HUB上进行下载文献(亲测翻墙更快),其余一些比较难下载的可以委托国外同学,或者通过本校图书馆以及各大论文和专业群进行互助交流。

英文书籍下载网站

这个网站是导师推荐,貌似他德国读博期间的所有专业书籍都是在上面下载的,之后我也在上面下载了很多比较经典的分子动力学英文书籍,很地道。

文献管理软件

  • Citavi(只支持Windows)
  • Mendeley(跨平台)
  • JabRef(跨平台)
  • Zotero(只在Linux平台用过,也有浏览器插件)
  • EndNote(没用过,但是好像还不错的样子?)
  • NoteExpress(我就本科毕业设计用过,对中文文献支持比较好,大部分高校应该也都买了)

文献管理软件除了Endnote没有正式用过,上述的基本都使用过,使用感最好的还是Citavi吧,毕竟被称为文献管理的瑞士军刀,界面也很好看,唯一的不足就是目前只支持Windows,而且免费版每个project只能放100篇文献,有条件的可以买个pro版本,没有数量限制,700左右吧,另外这软件和Word以及Chrome浏览器搭配比较好。Mendeley,JabRef都支持Win和Linux,以及Word和LaTex,但是相比之下界面没有Citavi好看,文献插入方式更是没有Citavi直观
相关的介绍还挺多的:五款常用的文献管理神软件常用文献管理软件优缺点比较及总结

这有一份我之前做的关于Citavi的一个PPT:
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1U1oiZpt8ecPHihLFxFEqGw
提取码:nnp7

论文写作

文档编辑平台

Word

之前有用过Linux,自带的libreoffice实在是用的不习惯,所以还是转到win下面用word完成了第一篇论文的撰写,单从撰写角度来说,主要用到了两个额外软件:Citavi(文献管理,某鱼也有卖,但是没用过,效果不知)和Grammarly(语法检测,某宝可以自行尝试一波)。个人感觉,这个组合还挺科研标配的,如下图。
在这里插入图片描述

LaTex

LaTex的话,我目前只是把它作为一个处理word文本的最终的排版工具,如果直接套模板的话效果的确很好。大部分期刊都会有LaTex模板,可以在期刊官网找,也可以在Overleaf(可在线编译)上查阅,除此之外还有很简历,报告,作业,学术论文…的模板。尤其是那些公式特别多的论文,用latex的话就会特别方便,感兴趣的可以去尝试体验,会有和word不一样的感受。
在这里插入图片描述
相关链接:
JabRef(插入文献)
TeX live(TeX发行版之一,推荐)
TeXstudio(编辑器,以下截图便是)

Ubuntu配置texlive和texstudio
Windows配置texlive和texstudio

论文撰写

最近查到了这么一个网站,争对论文中不同的小节,有一些句式的推荐,有需要的可以参考
Academic Phrasebank – The Largest Collection of Academic Phrases

Blog

Introduction

用最短的语言,讲清自己依据什么样的问题要干什么,这应该就是引言需要干的。以下这篇ACS Nano文章的引言就是我模仿的第一个模板,一共只有三百出头的字符,很简洁干脆(我第一稿写了1600+字符,特别冗长),个人觉得只要用较为简短的语言完成一下三点就可以了:

  1. 前奏要好
  2. 过渡要流畅
  3. 问题要有针对性
    ##########研究背景,过渡到本文内容
    Semicrystalline polymers with bimodal molecular weight distribution (MWD) are good candidates for applications because of the improved processability along with
    are composed of low- and high-molecular-weight (Mw) contents. 双峰半结晶聚合物的优势Some researchers2−6 have prepared bimodal polymer blends in experiments and found that bimodal melts have promoted nucleation rate and processability of the material. 文献佐证In particular, the relationship between property and microstructure of bimodal polyethylene (PE) has been studied,7−9 and it is believed that the entanglements play an essential role in the outstanding properties of bimodal PE.缠结度在双峰聚乙烯中的重要性
    ##########研究背景,并阐明问题
    Molecular dynamics simulations have also been used to study crystallization10−15 and microstructure16−20 of semicrystalline polymers.MD已经在半结晶聚合物中的研究 Nevertheless, there are only a few studies addressing the simulation of crystallization in relation with entanglements14,15,21 of bimodal polymers.指出问题:MD在双峰聚合物中与缠结度相关的结晶行为的研究比较少 Moyassari et al.14,15 monitored entanglement concentrations during crystallization of PE bimodal blends. Luo et al.10,21−23 studied the crystallization of unimodal PVA chains and also blends with very short chains (considered as solvent phase) and found a linear relation between crystalline stem length and entanglement length estimate.指出相关的一些研究 It is worth noting that these contributions are attributed to the promoted nucleation rate of the bimodal system to the increased proportion of longchain content and neglected the fact that the average Mw also increased. However, the question remains: what is the main factor for the crystallization and lamellar thickening of bimodal polymers: the increased long-chain content or the increased average Mw?指出研究的核心问题(研究出发点) Therefore, in order to avoid the effect of Mw,we have created bimodal and unimodal systems with the equivalent average Mw.指出需要研究的点
    ##########本文工作
    In this work, we have studied systems of bimodal and unimodal MWD with equivalent average Mw. Coarse-grained MD simulations have been performed to investigate the isothermal crystallization behavior of these systems at various temperatures. The entanglements have been continuously monitored in the process of crystallization. The crystal growth and thickening process are described and discussed afterward. The simulation methods and techniques for the analysis of the entanglements are presented at the end of this article.

论文链接:
Zhai, Z.; Fusco, C.; Morthomas, J.; Perez, M.; Lame, O. Disentangling and Lamellar Thickening of Linear Polymers during Crystallization: Simulation of Bimodal and Unimodal Molecular Weight Distribution Systems. ACS nano 2019, 13, 11310–11319.

Abstract

期刊对于摘要的字数一般是有限制的(150-250)

Using electrodes with subnanometer pores and ionic liquid electrolytes can improve the charge storage capacity at the expense of the charging rate.指xxx的意义 The fundamental understanding of the charging dynamics of nanoporous electrodes can help to avoid compromising the power density.xx的研究对于理解xxx有什么意义 In this work, we performed molecular dynamics simulations to reveal the charging mechanism of subnanometer pores in ionic liquids.本文干了啥 Different from the traditional view that a smaller pore results in slower charging, a non-monotonic relation is found between the charging rate and pore size, in which the charging process is accelerated in some subnanometer pores. 本文的主要结果(代表性),没有必要全部写出自己的结果Our analysis uncovers that the mechanism of the charging enhancement can be attributed to the transition of inpore ion structure.本文研究的意义

论文链接:
Mo, T.; Bi, S.; Zhang, Y.; Presser, V.; Wang, X.; Gogotsi, Y.; Feng, G. Ion Structure Transition Enhances Charging Dynamics in Subnanometer Pores. ACS nano 2020, 14, 2395–2403.

Abstract Graphics

ACS关于图形摘要的相关介绍:

  1. The graphic should be simple, but informative.
  2. The use of color is encouraged.
  3. The graphic should uphold the standards of a scholarly, professional publication.
  4. The graphic must be entirely original, unpublished artwork created by one of the coauthors.
  5. The graphic should not include a photograph, drawing, or caricature of any person, living or deceased.
  6. Do not include postage stamps or currency from any country, or trademarked items (company logos, images, and products).
  7. Avoid choosing a graphic that already appears within the text of the manuscript.

在这里插入图片描述

[Guidelines for Table of Contents/Abstract Graphics](http://pubsapp.acs.org/paragonplus/submission/toc_abstract_graphics_guidelines.pdf?)

在这里插入图片描述

[Mo, T.; Bi, S.; Zhang, Y.; Presser, V.; Wang, X.; Gogotsi, Y.; Feng, G. Ion Structure Transition Enhances Charging Dynamics in Subnanometer Pores. ACS nano 2020, 14, 2395–2403.](https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.9b09648)

在这里插入图片描述

[Zhai, Z.; Fusco, C.; Morthomas, J.; Perez, M.; Lame, O. Disentangling and Lamellar Thickening of Linear Polymers during Crystallization: Simulation of Bimodal and Unimodal Molecular Weight Distribution Systems. ACS nano 2019, 13, 11310–11319.](https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.9b04459)

在这里插入图片描述

[Sliozberg, Y. R.; Yeh, I.-C.; Kröger, M.; Masser, K. A.; Lenhart, J. L.; Andzelm, J. W. Ordering and Crystallization of Entangled Polyethylene Melts under Uniaxial Tension: A Molecular Dynamics Study. Macromolecules 2018, 51, 9635–9648.](https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01538)

在这里插入图片描述

[Yeh, I.-C.; Andzelm, J. W.; Rutledge, G. C. Mechanical and Structural Characterization of Semicrystalline Polyethylene under Tensile Deformation by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Macromolecules 2015, 48, 4228–4239.](https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00697)

Methods

这部分正常来说是在introduction小节的后面,但是有些期刊,比如acs nano,nature communication,这部分是放在conclusion后面的,个人觉得这部分相比于结果和讨论还是没有那么重要吧,其实同一方向的论文这部分都很很大一部分是差不多的,所以将它安排在最后也是比较合理的吧。写的话也没啥可建议的,就按照正常流程,简要写下来就可以。

Results+Discussion/Results and Discussion

Results和Discussion至于是分开写还是合起来写,一方面是个人习惯问题,一方面也得看文章内容。个人认为分开写难度更大一些吧,逻辑性和深度要求更高一些。
这两部分

  1. Findings
  2. Comparison with prior studies
  3. Limitations of your work
  4. Casual arguments
  5. Speculations
  6. Deductive arguments
    SCI论文写作之Results & Discussion(一)

Conclusion

研究论文应以结构合理的结论结尾。结论与引言有些相似。您重申自己的目的和目标,并为读者总结您的主要发现和证据。通常,您可以在一个段落中通过三个主要要点和一个强烈的建议来完成此操作。您不应在结论中提出任何新的论点。您可以提出一些悬而未决的问题,并为下一个研究做好准备。这是记录您对未来可能工作的想法的好地方。尝试向您的读者解释还可以做些什么?您认为下一步应该采取什么措施?还有哪些其他问题需要进一步调查?请记住,结论是读者将看到的文章的最后部分,因此请花一些时间编写结论,以便您能以高调结束。

我在写的时候就是觉得写着写着和摘要越来越像,重复的东西越来越多,这样显然是不行的。这时候反过头来看摘要,的确是之前写的内容太多了,所有摘要一定要简练,要引起读者的阅读兴趣。

Cover Letter

个人觉得樊老师的cv写的就不错,需要的可以参考。但是好像正如他所说,写的太罗嗦?emmm,这部分看自己情况吧,主要还是看自己做的东西质量如何。
分享一篇Nano Lett.文章的cover letter、审稿意见以及回复

考。但是好像正如他所说,写的太罗嗦?emmm,这部分看自己情况吧,主要还是看自己做的东西质量如何。
分享一篇Nano Lett.文章的cover letter、审稿意见以及回复

LaTeX Templates-Cover Letters