Android系统启动流程(三)——SystemServer的启动流程

接上篇:Android系统启动流程(二)——Zygote进程的启动流程java

启动SystemServer进程是Android系统启动过程当中很是重要的一步,咱们熟悉的SystemServiceManager以及AMS、WMS等服务都是由SystemServer进程来负责启动的,所以咱们有必要来了解一下SystemServer的启动流程。android

1.SystemServer进程的建立

SystemServer进程是由Zygote进程来启动的,在执行ZygoteInit.java的main方法时会去启动SystemServer:c++

源码路径:\frameworks\base\core\java\com\android\internal\os\ZygoteInit.javamarkdown

public static void main(String argv[]) {
        ...
        try {
            ...
            boolean startSystemServer = false;
            String socketName = "zygote";
            String abiList = null;
            for (int i = 1; i < argv.length; i++) {
                if ("start-system-server".equals(argv[i])) {
                    startSystemServer = true;//1.若是参数包含"start-system-server",则须要启动SystemServer
                } else if ("--enable-lazy-preload".equals(argv[i])) {
                    enableLazyPreload = true;
                } else if (argv[i].startsWith(ABI_LIST_ARG)) {
                    abiList = argv[i].substring(ABI_LIST_ARG.length());
                } else if (argv[i].startsWith(SOCKET_NAME_ARG)) {
                    socketName = argv[i].substring(SOCKET_NAME_ARG.length());
                } else {
                    throw new RuntimeException("Unknown command line argument: " + argv[i]);
                }
            }

           ...
            if (startSystemServer) {
                startSystemServer(abiList, socketName, zygoteServer);//2.启动SystemServer
            }

            ...
        } catch (Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller caller) {
            caller.run();
        } catch (Throwable ex) {
            Log.e(TAG, "System zygote died with exception", ex);
            zygoteServer.closeServerSocket();
            throw ex;
        }
    }
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在注释1处,若是参数args中含有"start-system-server"字段,则会在注释2处经过调用startSystemServer方法来启动SystemServer,咱们来看一下startSystemServer方法的源码:app

private static boolean startSystemServer(String abiList, String socketName, ZygoteServer zygoteServer) throws Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller, RuntimeException {
       ...
        int pid;

        try {
            ...
            //1.调用Zygote的forkSystemServer方法来建立SystemServer进程
            pid = Zygote.forkSystemServer(
                    parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid,
                    parsedArgs.gids,
                    parsedArgs.debugFlags,
                    null,
                    parsedArgs.permittedCapabilities,
                    parsedArgs.effectiveCapabilities);
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException(ex);
        }

        /* 若是pid为0,则当前位于SystemServer进程 */
        if (pid == 0) {
            if (hasSecondZygote(abiList)) {
                waitForSecondaryZygote(socketName);
            }

            zygoteServer.closeServerSocket();//关闭从Zygote进程复制而来的Socket
            handleSystemServerProcess(parsedArgs);//2.调用handleSystemServerProcess来初始化SystemServer进程
        }

        return true;
    }
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startSystemServer方法的代码比较简单,在注释1处,经过调用Zygote的forkSystemServer来建立了SystemServer进程,而后再注释2出经过调用handleSystemServerProcess来进一步对SystemServer进程进行一些初始化工做。咱们先来看一下forkSystemServer的源码:socket

public static int forkSystemServer(int uid, int gid, int[] gids, int debugFlags, int[][] rlimits, long permittedCapabilities, long effectiveCapabilities) {
        VM_HOOKS.preFork();
        // Resets nice priority for zygote process.
        resetNicePriority();
        int pid = nativeForkSystemServer(
                uid, gid, gids, debugFlags, rlimits, permittedCapabilities, effectiveCapabilities);
        // Enable tracing as soon as we enter the system_server.
        if (pid == 0) {
            Trace.setTracingEnabled(true);
        }
        VM_HOOKS.postForkCommon();
        return pid;
    }

    native private static int nativeForkSystemServer(int uid, int gid, int[] gids, int debugFlags, int[][] rlimits, long permittedCapabilities, long effectiveCapabilities);
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能够看到,在forkSystemServer方法中调用了native方法nativeForkSystemServer方法来建立SystemServer进程,而nativeForkSystemServer的底层则直接调用了fork方法来建立新的线程。oop

再来看一下handleSystemServerProcess方法,源码以下:post

private static void handleSystemServerProcess( ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs) throws Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller {

        ...

        if (parsedArgs.invokeWith != null) {
           ...
        } else {
            ClassLoader cl = null;
            if (systemServerClasspath != null) {
                //1.建立PathClassLoader
                cl = createPathClassLoader(systemServerClasspath, parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion);

                Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(cl);
            }

           //2.调用ZygoteInit.zygoteInit来对SystemServer进行初始化
            ZygoteInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion, parsedArgs.remainingArgs, cl);
        }
    }
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在注释1处建立了一个PathClassLoader,而后在注释2出调用了ZygoteInit的zygoteInit方法来对SystemServer进行初始化。zygoteInit的源码以下:ui

源码路径:\frameworks\base\core\java\com\android\internal\os\ZygoteInit.javaatom

public static final void zygoteInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) throws Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller {
        if (RuntimeInit.DEBUG) {
            Slog.d(RuntimeInit.TAG, "RuntimeInit: Starting application from zygote");
        }

        Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "ZygoteInit");
        RuntimeInit.redirectLogStreams();

        RuntimeInit.commonInit();
        ZygoteInit.nativeZygoteInit();//调用nativeZygoteInit
        RuntimeInit.applicationInit(targetSdkVersion, argv, classLoader);
    }

    private static final native void nativeZygoteInit();
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在zygoteInit方法中又调用了nativeZygoteInit方法,而nativeZygoteInit的做用主要是用来启动Binder线程池的。

2.开启Binder线程池

nativeZygoteInit方法所对应的C++代码以下:

源码位置:\frameworks\base\core\jni\AndroidRuntime.cpp

static AndroidRuntime* gCurRuntime = NULL;

static void com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz) {
    gCurRuntime->onZygoteInit();
}
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该方法直接调用了gCurRuntime对象的onZygoteInit方法,这个gCurRuntime是由AndroidRuntime的子类AppRuntime来实现的,它位于app_main.cpp文件中,咱们来看一下AppRuntime的onZygoteInit方法:

源码路径:\frameworks\base\cmds\app_process\app_main.cpp

virtual void onZygoteInit() {
        sp<ProcessState> proc = ProcessState::self();
        ALOGV("App process: starting thread pool.\n");
        proc->startThreadPool();
    }
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能够看到,onZygoteInit方法中又调用了ProcessState的startThreadPool来开启线程池,该方法的源码以下:

源码路径:\frameworks\native\libs\binder\ProcessState.cpp

void ProcessState::startThreadPool() {
    AutoMutex _l(mLock);
    if (!mThreadPoolStarted) {//1.判断线程池是否已经开启
        mThreadPoolStarted = true;
        spawnPooledThread(true);//2.调用spawnPooledThread方法
    }
}

void ProcessState::spawnPooledThread(bool isMain) {
    if (mThreadPoolStarted) {
        String8 name = makeBinderThreadName();//3.建立Binder线程池的名称
        ALOGV("Spawning new pooled thread, name=%s\n", name.string());
        sp<Thread> t = new PoolThread(isMain);//4.建立线程池对象
        t->run(name.string());//5.运行该线程池
    }
}

String8 ProcessState::makeBinderThreadName() {
    int32_t s = android_atomic_add(1, &mThreadPoolSeq);//编号+1
    pid_t pid = getpid();//获取pid
    String8 name;
    name.appendFormat("Binder:%d_%X", pid, s);//6.拼接Binder线程池名称
    return name;
}
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首先在注释1处判断线程池是否已经开启,以此保证Binder线程池只会启动一次,而后在注释2出调用了spawnPooledThread方法来建立线程,而且参数为true。

在注释3初经过makeBinderThreadName方法来建立线程的名称,经过注释6处的代码咱们能够得知,Android中Binder线程的名称都是“Binder:”+线程id+“_”+线程编号的形式。

在注释4处建立了线程池中的第一个线程,它是一个PoolThread 对象,isMain为true表示该线程为线程池的主线程,并在注释5出调用了run方法来运行该线程。

咱们来看一下PoolThread的源码:

源码路径:\frameworks\native\libs\binder\ProcessState.cpp

class PoolThread : public Thread
{
public:
    explicit PoolThread(bool isMain) : mIsMain(isMain) {
    }
    
protected:
    virtual bool threadLoop() {
        IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool(mIsMain);
        return false;
    }
    
    const bool mIsMain;
};
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从上面的代码能够得知,PoolThread继承自Thread类。当运行PoolThread对象的run方法时,会调用该对象的threadLoop方法,并在threadLoop方法中调用IPCThreadState对象的joinThreadPool方法,来将该线程加入到Binder线程池中,至此,SystemServer进程就能够经过Binder与其余进程进行通讯了。

3.建立SystemServiceManager及各类系统服务

回到ZygoteInit.java的zygoteInit方法中,在调用nativeZygoteInit来启动线程池后,又调用了RuntimeInit.applicationInit方法,该方法的代码以下:

源码路径:\frameworks\base\core\java\com\android\internal\os\RuntimeInit.java

protected static void applicationInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) throws Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller {
       
        ...
        invokeStaticMain(args.startClass, args.startArgs, classLoader);//1.调用invokeStaticMain方法
    }

    private static void invokeStaticMain(String className, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) throws Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller {
        Class<?> cl;

        try {
            cl = Class.forName(className, true, classLoader);//2.获取SystemServer对应的Java类
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                    "Missing class when invoking static main " + className,
                    ex);
        }

        Method m;
        try {
            m = cl.getMethod("main", new Class[] { String[].class });//3.找到main方法
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                    "Missing static main on " + className, ex);
        } catch (SecurityException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                    "Problem getting static main on " + className, ex);
        }

        int modifiers = m.getModifiers();
        if (! (Modifier.isStatic(modifiers) && Modifier.isPublic(modifiers))) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                    "Main method is not public and static on " + className);
        }

        /* * 4.抛出异常,该异常最终会在ZygoteInit.main中被捕获 * 使用抛出异常的方法能够直接清理全部栈帧 */
        throw new Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller(m, argv);
    }
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从注释1处能够看到,applicationInit方法内又调用了invokeStaticMain方法,从invokeStaticMain方法的名字咱们就能够猜出,该方法主要是使用反射来调用SystemServer的main方法的。在注释2处经过反射获取到了SystemServer对应的java类,并在注释3出经过反射找到了main方法。不过在invokeStaticMain方法中并无直接去执行这个main方法,而是在注释4出抛出了一个异常对象Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller,并将main方法和相关参数封装到了这个异常对象中,这个异常最终会在ZygoteInit.java的main方法中被捕获到,以下:

public static void main(String argv[]) {
        ...

        try {
            ...

            if (startSystemServer) {
                startSystemServer(abiList, socketName, zygoteServer);
            }

           ...
        } catch (Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller caller) {//1.捕获Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller异常
            caller.run();  //2.调用异常对象的run方法
        } catch (Throwable ex) {
            Log.e(TAG, "System zygote died with exception", ex);
            zygoteServer.closeServerSocket();
            throw ex;
        }
    }
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在注释1出捕获到了抛出的Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller异常,而后在注释2处调用了该对象的run方法,MethodAndArgsCaller的源码以下:

源码路径:\frameworks\base\core\java\com\android\internal\os\Zygote.java

public static class MethodAndArgsCaller extends Exception implements Runnable {

        private final Method mMethod;
        private final String[] mArgs;

        public MethodAndArgsCaller(Method method, String[] args) {
            mMethod = method;
            mArgs = args;
        }

        public void run() {
            try {
                mMethod.invoke(null, new Object[] { mArgs });//执行main方法
            } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
                throw new RuntimeException(ex);
            } catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
                Throwable cause = ex.getCause();
                if (cause instanceof RuntimeException) {
                    throw (RuntimeException) cause;
                } else if (cause instanceof Error) {
                    throw (Error) cause;
                }
                throw new RuntimeException(ex);
            }
        }
    }
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能够看到,在MethodAndArgsCaller的run方法中直接经过mMethod.invoke来执行了传入的方法,即SystemServer的main方法,咱们再来看SystemServer的main的代码:

源码路径:\frameworks\base\services\java\com\android\server\SystemServer.java

public static void main(String[] args) {
        new SystemServer().run();
    }

    private void run() {
        try {
            ...
            Looper.prepareMainLooper();//1.准备主线程的Looper

            System.loadLibrary("android_servers");//动态加载so库

            performPendingShutdown();

            createSystemContext();//2.建立系统context

            mSystemServiceManager = new SystemServiceManager(mSystemContext);//3.建立SystemServiceManager
            mSystemServiceManager.setRuntimeRestarted(mRuntimeRestart);
            LocalServices.addService(SystemServiceManager.class, mSystemServiceManager);
            SystemServerInitThreadPool.get();
        } finally {
            traceEnd();
        }

        // 开始启动各类服务
        try {
            traceBeginAndSlog("StartServices");
            startBootstrapServices();//4.开启各类引导服务
            startCoreServices();//5.开启各类核心服务
            startOtherServices();//6.开启其余服务
            SystemServerInitThreadPool.shutdown();
        } catch (Throwable ex) {
            Slog.e("System", "******************************************");
            Slog.e("System", "************ Failure starting system services", ex);
            throw ex;
        } finally {
            traceEnd();
        }

        ...

        Looper.loop();//7.开始Loop无限循环
        throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
    }
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在main方法中建立了一个SystemServer对象并直接调用了该对象的run方法。

在注释1处经过调用prepareMainLooper来准备主线程的Looper,在注释2处建立系统context,在注释3处建立了SystemServiceManager对象,该对象用来管理Android系统中的各类服务。

注释四、五、6处都是在启动各类系统服务,Android中的系统服务大体能够分为3类:

  1. 引导服务:如ActivityManagerService(用来管理四大组件)、PowerManagerService(用来处理与手机电量相关的逻辑)、PackageManagerService(用来管理手机上安装的应用)等
  2. 核心服务:如BatteryService等
  3. 其余服务:如InputManagerService(用来处理各类输入事件)、WindowManagerService(用于管理窗口)等

咱们以ActivityManagerService为例来看一下这些服务是如何被启动的,先来看一下startBootstrapServices的源码:

源码路径:\frameworks\base\services\java\com\android\server\SystemServer.java

private void startBootstrapServices() {
        ...
        // Activity manager runs the show.
        traceBeginAndSlog("StartActivityManager");

        //经过调用SystemServiceManager对象的startService方法来建立ActivityManagerService
        mActivityManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(
                ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle.class).getService();
        mActivityManagerService.setSystemServiceManager(mSystemServiceManager);
        mActivityManagerService.setInstaller(installer);
        traceEnd();
        ...
}
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从上面的代码能够看到,ActivityManagerService是由SystemServiceManager对象的startService方法来启动的,startService方法代码以下:

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public <T extends SystemService> T startService(Class<T> serviceClass) {
        try {
            ...
            final T service;
            try {
                Constructor<T> constructor = serviceClass.getConstructor(Context.class);//1.获取要启动的service的类的构造方法
                service = constructor.newInstance(mContext);//2.建立服务实例
            } 
            ...

            startService(service);//3.调用另外一个重载方法
            return service;
        } finally {
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_SYSTEM_SERVER);
        }
    }

    public void startService(@NonNull final SystemService service) {
        mServices.add(service);//4.将建立的service加入到mServices列表中
        long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
        try {
            service.onStart();//5.调用onStart方法来启动这个服务
        } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to start service " + service.getClass().getName()
                    + ": onStart threw an exception", ex);
        }
        warnIfTooLong(System.currentTimeMillis() - time, service, "onStart");
    }
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在注释1处,经过反射获取要启动的服务的构造方法,而后再注释2处建立了一个新的实例。 在注释3处调用了startService的另外一个重载方法,并在注释4处将建立好的服务加入到了mServices列表中。 在注释5处经过调用服务的onStart方法来开启了这个服务。

至此SystemServer的启动流程就基本完成了。

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