tornado(八)

数据库

与Django框架相比,Tornado没有自带ORM,对于数据库须要本身去适配。咱们使用MySQL数据库。html

在Tornado3.0版本之前提供tornado.database模块用来操做MySQL数据库,而从3.0版本开始,此模块就被独立出来,做为torndb包单独提供。torndb只是对MySQLdb的简单封装,不支持Python 3。python

torndb安装

pip install torndb

链接初始化

咱们须要在应用启动时建立一个数据库链接实例,供各个RequestHandler使用。咱们能够在构造Application的时候建立一个数据库实例并做为其属性,而RequestHandler能够经过self.application获取其属性,进而操做数据库实例。mysql

import torndb class Application(tornado.web.Application): def __init__(self): handlers = [ (r"/", IndexHandler), ] settings = dict( template_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "templates"), static_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "statics"), debug=True, ) super(Application, self).__init__(handlers, **settings) # 建立一个全局mysql链接实例供handler使用 self.db = torndb.Connection( host="127.0.0.1", database="itcast", user="root", password="mysql" ) 

使用数据库

新建数据库与表:web

create database `itcast` default character set utf8; use itcast; create table houses ( id bigint(20) unsigned not null auto_increment comment '房屋编号', title varchar(64) not null default '' comment '标题', position varchar(32) not null default '' comment '位置', price int not null default 0, score int not null default 5, comments int not null default 0, primary key(id) )ENGINE=InnoDB default charset=utf8 comment='房屋信息表'; 

1. 执行语句

  • execute(query, parameters, *kwparameters) 返回影响的最后一条自增字段值
  • execute_rowcount(query, parameters, *kwparameters) 返回影响的行数

query为要执行的sql语句,parameters与kwparameters为要绑定的参数,如:sql

db.execute("insert into houses(title, position, price, score, comments) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)", "独立装修小别墅", "紧邻文津街", 280, 5, 128) 或 db.execute("insert into houses(title, position, price, score, comments) values(%(title)s, %(position)s, %(price)s, %(score)s, %(comments)s)", title="独立装修小别墅", position="紧邻文津街", price=280, score=5, comments=128) 

执行语句主要用来执行非查询语句。数据库

class InsertHandler(RequestHandler): def post(self): title = self.get_argument("title") position = self.get_argument("position") price = self.get_argument("price") score = self.get_argument("score") comments = self.get_argument("comments") try: ret = self.application.db.execute("insert into houses(title, position, price, score, comments) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)", title, position, price, score, comments) except Exception as e: self.write("DB error:%s" % e) else: self.write("OK %d" % ret) 

2. 查询语句

  • get(query, parameters, *kwparameters) 返回单行结果或None,若出现多行则报错。返回值为torndb.Row类型,是一个类字典的对象,即同时支持字典的关键字索引和对象的属相访问。
  • query(query, parameters, *kwparameters) 返回多行结果,torndb.Row的列表。

以上一章节模板中的案例来演示,先修改一下index.html模板,将app

<span class="house-title">{{title_join(house["titles"])}}</span> 

改成框架

<span class="house-title">{{house["title"]}}</span> 

添加两个新的handler:tornado

class GetHandler(RequestHandler): def get(self): """访问方式为http://127.0.0.1/get?id=111""" hid = self.get_argument("id") try: ret = self.application.db.get("select title,position,price,score,comments from houses where id=%s", hid) except Exception as e: self.write("DB error:%s" % e) else: print type(ret) print ret print ret.title print ret['title'] self.render("index.html", houses=[ret]) class QueryHandler(RequestHandler): def get(self): """访问方式为http://127.0.0.1/query""" try: ret = self.application.db.query("select title,position,price,score,comments from houses limit 10") except Exception as e: self.write("DB error:%s" % e) else: self.render("index.html", houses=ret)
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