JavaScript30 为Wes Bos推出的一项为期30天的挑战,旨在帮助人们用纯JavaScript来实现效果,初学者若想在JS方面快速精进,不妨一试。javascript
利用JS及CSS模拟时钟,时、分、秒针实时摆动,例如如今是14:36,时钟效果以下:css
<div class="clock">
<div class="clock-face">
<div class="hand hour-hand"></div>
<div class="hand min-hand"></div>
<div class="hand second-hand"></div>
</div>
</div>
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html {
background: #018DED url(http://unsplash.it/1500/1000?image=881&blur=50);
background-size: cover;
font-family: 'helvetica neue';
text-align: center;
font-size: 10px;
}
body {
margin: 0;
/* font-size: 2rem; */
display: flex;
flex: 1;
min-height: 100vh;
/* 设置段落的最小高度 */
align-items: center;
/* 适用于flex容器,弹性盒子元素在该行的侧轴(纵轴)上居中放置。 */
}
.clock {
width: 30rem;
height: 30rem;
border: 20px solid white;
border-radius: 50%;
/*向 div 元素添加圆角边框:*/
margin: 50px auto;
position: relative;
padding: 2rem;
box-shadow: /*向div元素添加一个或多个阴影,逗号分隔*/
0 0 0 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1),
inset 0 0 0 3px #EFEFEF,
inset 0 0 10px black,
0 0 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}
.clock-face {
position: relative;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
transform: translateY(-3px);
/* account for the height of the clock hands */
}
.hand {
width: 50%;
height: 6px;
background: black;
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
transform-origin: 100%;/* 该属性能够用来更改元素变形的原点,在这里可设置旋转的中心点,初始值为【50%,50%,0】。*/
/* transform: rotate(90deg); */
transition: all 0.05s;
transition-timing-function: ease-in-out;
/* 根据时间的推动去改变属性值的变换速率。*/
}
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涉及的小知识点已经在注释中说起,不展开解释。有关CSS3 Transition
的疑问,详见该网站。有关transform-origin
的疑问,可参见该网站属性演示,能够帮助你更好理解。java
const HourHand = document.querySelector('.hour-hand');
const MinHand = document.querySelector('.min-hand');
const SecondHand = document.querySelector('.second-hand');
function setDate() {
const now = new Date();
const sec = now.getSeconds();
const secdeg = (sec / 60) * 360 + 90;
SecondHand.style.transform = `rotate(${secdeg}deg)`;
const min = now.getMinutes();
const mindeg = ((min / 60) * 360) + ((sec / 60) * 6 )+ 90;
MinHand.style.transform = `rotate(${mindeg}deg)`;
const hour = now.getHours();
const hourdeg = ((hour / 12) * 360) + ((min / 60) * 30) + 90;
HourHand.style.transform =`rotate(${hourdeg}deg)`;
}
setDate() ;
setInterval(setDate,1000);
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const SecondHand = document.querySelector('.second-hand');
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const now = new Date();
const sec = now.getSeconds();
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const secdeg = (sec / 60) * 360 + 90;
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transform: rotate(deg)
特性,调整秒针在表面内摆动位置SecondHand.style.transform = `rotate(${secdeg}deg)`;
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setDate()
函数setDate();
setInterval(setDate, 1000);
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观察时钟,咱们会发现一个小bug,当秒针转动一圈完毕,59秒至60秒时,会出现一次大回弹,角度值的变化为 444°-> 90°,逆时针回弹,0秒至1秒时,恢复顺时针旋转,角度值变化为90° ->96°,再恢复原状,这是transition
特性带来的偏差。css3
在发生跳顿的角度值处,将 CSS 的 transition
属性去掉,逆时针回弹的过程将在瞬间完成,可忽略不计。git
const HourHand = document.querySelector('.hour-hand');
const MinHand = document.querySelector('.min-hand');
const SecondHand = document.querySelector('.second-hand');
function setDate() {
const now = new Date();
const sec = now.getSeconds();
const secdeg = (sec / 60) * 360 + 90;
const min = now.getMinutes();
const mindeg = ((min / 60) * 360) + ((sec / 60) * 6) + 90;
const hour = now.getHours();
const hourdeg = ((hour / 12) * 360) + ((min / 60) * 30) + 90;
if (secdeg === 90) {
SecondHand.style.transition = 'all 0s'
}
// 在指针即将出现大摆动的那一刻,去除transition属性
else {
SecondHand.style.transition = 'all 0.05s'
}
SecondHand.style.transform = `rotate(${secdeg}deg)`;
MinHand.style.transform = `rotate(${mindeg}deg)`;
HourHand.style.transform = `rotate(${hourdeg}deg)`;
}
setDate();
setInterval(setDate, 1000);
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解决思路是,按照以前的代码所写,每秒都会new一个Date,若是让秒针角度保持一直增加的状态,而非每次从新计算,就不会出现这样的问题了。github
const HourHand = document.querySelector('.hour-hand');
const MinHand = document.querySelector('.min-hand');
const SecondHand = document.querySelector('.second-hand');
let secdeg = 0; let mindeg = 100; let hourdeg = 1;
function setDate() {
const now = new Date();
const sec = now.getSeconds();
secdeg = (sec / 60) * 360 + 90;
const min = now.getMinutes();
mindeg = ((min / 60) * 360) + ((sec / 60) * 6) + 90;
const hour = now.getHours();
hourdeg = ((hour / 12) * 360) + ((min / 60) * 30) + 90;}
function updateDate() {
secdeg += (1 / 60) * 360;
mindeg += ((1 / 60) / 60) * 360;
hourdeg += (((1 / 60) / 60) / 12);
SecondHand.style.transform = `rotate(${secdeg}deg)`;
MinHand.style.transform = `rotate(${mindeg}deg)`;
HourHand.style.transform = `rotate(${hourdeg}deg)`;
}
setDate();
setInterval('updateDate()', 1000);
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