springboot 先后端分离开发 从零到整（3、登陆以及登陆状态的持续）

今天来写一下怎么登陆和维持登陆状态。

相信登陆验证你们都比较熟悉，在Javaweb中通常保持登陆状态都会用session。但若是是先后端分离的话，session的做用就没有那么明显了。对于先后端分离的项目目前比较流行的是jwt验证。参考文章：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_27828675/article/details/80923678

其实，做为开发一整个项目来讲，以我一年多开发经验来，建议你们先作个需求开发文档，把项目的业务大体构思一下。而后再统一把数据库设计好，把用到的表和字段都建好，能够增长开发速率的。

好了，废话少说，开始讲解一下怎么作登陆验证过程吧。

首先，先建立token生成工具类。token能够设置过时时间，我项目中设置的是10个小时后过时。

添加依赖环境。

<!--JJWT-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
    <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
    <version>0.9.0</version>
</dependency>

工具类。在生成token的时候我把用户邮箱注入token中，方便根据用户邮箱查询用户信息。秘钥暂时用的是后台写死，也能够用用户密码做为每个token的秘钥。

package com.liao.tdoor.util;

import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.JwtBuilder;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;

import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import javax.xml.bind.DatatypeConverter;
import java.security.Key;
import java.util.Date;

/**
 * 生成token的工具类
 */
public class tokenUtil {
    /**
     * 签名秘钥(惟一秘钥，能够用密码作为秘钥)
     */
    public static final String SECRET="admin";

    /**
     * 生成token
     * @param username
     * @return
     */
    public static String createJwtToken(String username){
        String issuer="tdoor";
        String subject="liao";
        long ttlMillis=36000000;//10个小时后过时
        return createJwtToken(username,issuer,subject,ttlMillis);
    }

    /**
     * 生成token
     * @param username 用户名
     * @param issuer 改JWT的签发者，是否使用能够选
     * @param subject 改JWT所面向的用户，是否使用可选
     * @param ttlMillis 签发时间（有效时间，过时会报错）
     * @return token string
     */
    public static String createJwtToken(String username,String issuer,String subject,long ttlMillis){
        //签名算法，将token进行签名
        SignatureAlgorithm signatureAlgorithm=SignatureAlgorithm.HS256;
        //生成签发时间
        long nowMills=System.currentTimeMillis();
        Date now=new Date(nowMills);
        //经过秘钥签名JWT
        byte[] apiKeySecretBytes= DatatypeConverter.parseBase64Binary(SECRET);
        Key signingKey=new SecretKeySpec(apiKeySecretBytes,signatureAlgorithm.getJcaName());
        //建立token
        JwtBuilder builder=Jwts.builder().setId(username)
                                .setIssuedAt(now)
                                .signWith(signatureAlgorithm,signingKey);
        //添加过时时间
        if(ttlMillis>=0){
            long expMillis=nowMills+ttlMillis;
            Date exp=new Date(expMillis);
            builder.setExpiration(exp);
        }
        return builder.compact();
    }
    //验证和读取JWT的示例方法
    public static Claims parseJWT(String jwt){
        Claims claims=Jwts.parser()
                        .setSigningKey(DatatypeConverter.parseBase64Binary(SECRET))
                        .parseClaimsJws(jwt).getBody();
        return claims;
    }
    public static void main(String[] args){
        System.out.println(tokenUtil.createJwtToken("liao180@vip.qq.com"));
    }
}

View Code

而后是用户登陆验证。

package com.liao.tdoor.dao;

import com.liao.tdoor.model.User;
import com.liao.tdoor.model.UserSign;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Insert;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.SelectKey;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Update;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.util.Date;

@Repository
public interface UserDao {
    /**
     * @desc 查询改邮箱是否被注册
     * @param email
     * @return
     */
    @Select("select * from user where email=#{email}")
    public User isExistUser(String email);
    /**
     * 用户注册
     * @param user
     */
    @Insert("insert into user(id,email,password,nickname) values (#{id},#{email},#{password},#{nickname})")
    @SelectKey(keyProperty = "id", resultType = String.class, before = true, statement = "select replace(uuid(), '-', '') as id from dual")
    public void addUser(User user);
    /**
     * 用户登陆
     * @param email
     * @param password
     * @return
     */
    @Select("select * from user where email=#{email} and password=#{password}")
    public User login(String email,String password);

    /**
     * 经过ID查询用户信息
     * @param user_id
     * @return
     */
    @Select("select * from user where id=#{user_id}")
    public User QueryInfoById(String user_id); 
}

View Code

用户登陆成功后生成token，把token返回给客户端。

package com.liao.tdoor.service;

import com.liao.tdoor.dao.CodeDao;
import com.liao.tdoor.dao.PostingDao;
import com.liao.tdoor.dao.UserDao;
import com.liao.tdoor.model.Posting;
import com.liao.tdoor.model.User;
import com.liao.tdoor.model.UserSign;
import com.liao.tdoor.model.VerificationCode;
import com.liao.tdoor.responseMsg.PersonalEntity;
import com.liao.tdoor.responseMsg.RespCode;
import com.liao.tdoor.responseMsg.RespEntity;
import com.liao.tdoor.util.DateUtils;
import com.liao.tdoor.util.RandomTools;
import com.liao.tdoor.util.SendEmailUtils;
import com.liao.tdoor.util.tokenUtil;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * 用户服务层
 * @author 廖某某
 * @date 2019/02/17
 */
@Service
public class UserService {
    @Autowired
    UserDao userDao;
    @Autowired
    CodeDao codeDao;
    @Autowired
    SendEmailUtils sendEmailUtils;
    @Autowired
    PostingDao pDao;

    private RespEntity respEntity=new RespEntity();

    private User user=new User();

    private VerificationCode verificationCode=new VerificationCode();

    private PersonalEntity infoEntity=new PersonalEntity();
    /**
     * 发送验证码
     * @param email
     * @return
     */
    public RespEntity sendCode(String email){
        try{
            String code= RandomTools.randomCode();//产生随机的验证码
            User user=new User();
            user=userDao.isExistUser(email);
            if(user==null){
                System.out.println("邮箱："+email+"--验证码为:"+code);
                //修改数据库中的验证码
                verificationCode=codeDao.checkCode(email);
                if(verificationCode!=null){
                    codeDao.changeCode(email,code);
                }
                //发送邮件开始 发送验证码
                sendEmailUtils.sendRegisterCode(email,code);
                //保存验证码信息到数据库
                codeDao.saveCode(email,code,new Date());

                respEntity=new RespEntity(RespCode.REGISTER_SEND);
            }else {
                respEntity= new RespEntity(RespCode.REGISTER_NOTS);
            }

        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return respEntity;
    }
    /**
     * 注册信息提交
     * @param email
     * @param nickName
     * @param password
     * @param registerCode
     * @return
     */
    public RespEntity RegisterInfo(String email,String nickName,String password,String registerCode){
        verificationCode=codeDao.checkCode(email);
        if(verificationCode!=null){
            if(registerCode.equals(verificationCode.getCode())){
                //时间校验--暂略
                User user=new User(email,password,nickName);
                userDao.addUser(user);
                //删除验证码信息
                codeDao.deleteCode(email);
                respEntity=new RespEntity(RespCode.REGISTER_SUCCESS);
            }else {
                respEntity=new RespEntity(RespCode.CODE_EXPIRED);
            }
        }else {
            respEntity=new RespEntity(RespCode.REGISTER_FAILED);
        }
        return respEntity;
    }

    /**
     * 登陆验证
     * @param email
     * @param password
     * @return
     */
    public RespEntity Login(String email,String password){
        user=userDao.login(email,password);
        String token="";
        if(user!=null){
            token= tokenUtil.createJwtToken(email);
            respEntity=new RespEntity(RespCode.LOGIN_SUCCESS,token);
        }else {
            respEntity=new RespEntity(RespCode.LOGIN_FAILED);
        }
        return respEntity;
    }
    /**
     * 根据旧密码更改密码
     * @param usedPassword
     * @return
     */
    public RespEntity ChangePassword(String email,String usedPassword,String newPassword){
        user=userDao.login(email,usedPassword);
        if(user==null){
            respEntity=new RespEntity(RespCode.PASSWORD_FAILED);
        }else {
            userDao.ChangePassword(email,newPassword);
            respEntity=new RespEntity(RespCode.SUCCESS);
        }
        return respEntity;
    }
}

View Code

controller。

package com.liao.tdoor.controller;

import com.liao.tdoor.annotation.CurrentUser;
import com.liao.tdoor.annotation.PassToken;
import com.liao.tdoor.annotation.UserLoginToken;
import com.liao.tdoor.model.User;
import com.liao.tdoor.responseMsg.PersonalEntity;
import com.liao.tdoor.responseMsg.RespEntity;
import com.liao.tdoor.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @author 廖某某
 * 用户控制层
 */
@RestController
public class userController {

    @Autowired
    UserService userService;
    private RespEntity respEntity=new RespEntity();
    private PersonalEntity pEntity=new PersonalEntity();

    @RequestMapping("register")
    public RespEntity register(@RequestBody Map<String,Object> map){
        String e_mail=(String)map.get("email");
        String nickName=(String)map.get("nickName");
        String password=(String)map.get("password");
        String registerCode=(String)map.get("code");
        respEntity=userService.RegisterInfo(e_mail,nickName,password,registerCode);
        return respEntity;
    }
    @RequestMapping("sendCode")
    public RespEntity sendPollCode(@RequestBody Map<String,Object> map){
        String email=(String)map.get("email");
        RespEntity respEntity=userService.sendCode(email);
        return respEntity;
    }
    @RequestMapping("/login")
    public RespEntity testData(@RequestBody Map<String,Object> map){
        String email=(String)map.get("email");
        String password=(String)map.get("password");
        respEntity=userService.Login(email,password);
        return respEntity;
    }
}

View Code

登陆操做完成后，客户端根据token来进行请求操做。前端是ajax请求，通常在请求头部携带token，而后服务端拦截请求，获取token并进行验证，判断有无和是否过时，若是token不过时，则放行。

三个注解

注入当前登陆用户注解

package com.liao.tdoor.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
/**
 * 注入当前用户
 * @author 廖某某
 * @date 2019/02/18
 * 在Controller的方法参数中使用此注解，该方法在映射时会注入当前登陆的User对象
 */
@Target(ElementType.PARAMETER)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface CurrentUser {
}

须要登陆的标记注解

package com.liao.tdoor.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

/**
 * 须要进行登陆才能进行操做的注解
 * @author 廖某某
 * @date 2019/02/8
 */
@Target({ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface UserLoginToken {
    boolean required() default true;
}

不须要登陆的标记注解

package com.liao.tdoor.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

/**
 * 跳过验证
 * @author 廖某某
 * @date 2019/02/18
 */
@Target({ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface PassToken {
    boolean required() default true;
}

建立拦截器。拦截器拦截token并解析token中的用户邮箱，查询用户信息并注入到CurrentUser 中。

package com.liao.tdoor.interceptor;

import com.liao.tdoor.annotation.PassToken;
import com.liao.tdoor.annotation.UserLoginToken;
import com.liao.tdoor.dao.UserDao;
import com.liao.tdoor.model.User;
import com.liao.tdoor.responseMsg.CurrentUserConstants;
import com.liao.tdoor.util.tokenUtil;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.ExpiredJwtException;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwt;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

/**
 * 拦截器，拦截token
 * @author 廖某某
 * @date 2019/02/18
 */
public class AuthenticationInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Autowired
    UserDao userDao;

    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,
                             HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse,
                             Object object){
        //设置容许哪些域名应用进行ajax访问
        httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
        httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET,PUT,POST,DELETE");
        httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", " Origin, X-Requested-With, content-Type, Accept, Authorization");
        httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Max-Age","3600");
        //获取请求头的token
        String token=httpServletRequest.getHeader("Authorization");
        //若是不是映射到方法直接经过
        if(!(object instanceof HandlerMethod)){
            return true;
        }
        HandlerMethod handlerMethod=(HandlerMethod) object;
        Method method=handlerMethod.getMethod();
        //检查是否有passToken注释，有则跳过验证
        if(method.isAnnotationPresent(PassToken.class)){
            PassToken passToken=method.getAnnotation(PassToken.class);
            if(passToken.required()){
                return true;
            }
        }
        //检查是否有须要用户权限的注解
        if(method.isAnnotationPresent(UserLoginToken.class)){
            UserLoginToken userLoginToken=method.getAnnotation(UserLoginToken.class);
            if(userLoginToken.required()){
                //执行认证
                if(token==null){
                    throw new RuntimeException("无token，请从新登陆");
                }else {
                    //获取token中的用户信息
                    Claims claims;
                    try{
                        claims= tokenUtil.parseJWT(token);

                    }catch (ExpiredJwtException e){
                        throw new RuntimeException("401,token失效");
                    }
                    String email=claims.getId();
                    User user=userDao.isExistUser(email);
                    if(user==null){
                        throw new RuntimeException("用户不存在，请从新登陆");
                    }
                    httpServletRequest.setAttribute(CurrentUserConstants.CURRENT_USER,user);
                }
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
    // 请求处理以后进行调用，可是在视图被渲染以前（Controller方法调用以后）
    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {

    }
    // 在整个请求结束以后被调用，也就是在DispatcherServlet 渲染了对应的视图以后执行（主要是用于进行资源清理工做）
    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,
                                HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse,
                                Object o, Exception e)throws Exception{

    }
}

View Code

 配置拦截器

package com.liao.tdoor.config;

import com.liao.tdoor.interceptor.AuthenticationInterceptor;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.method.support.HandlerMethodArgumentResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * 配置拦截器
 * @author 廖某某
 * @date 2019/02/18
 */
@Configuration
public class InterceptorConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry){
        //拦截全部请求，判断是否有@UserLogin注解，决定是否须要从新登陆
        registry.addInterceptor(authenticationInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**");
        super.addInterceptors(registry);
    }
    @Override
    public void addArgumentResolvers(List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> argumentResolvers){
        argumentResolvers.add(currentUserMethodArgumentResolver());
        super.addArgumentResolvers(argumentResolvers);
    }
    @Bean
    public CurrentUserMethodArgumentResolver currentUserMethodArgumentResolver(){
        return new CurrentUserMethodArgumentResolver();
    }
    @Bean
    public AuthenticationInterceptor authenticationInterceptor(){
        return new AuthenticationInterceptor();
    }
}

View Code

 自定义参数解析器解析token中包含的用户信息。

package com.liao.tdoor.config;

import com.liao.tdoor.annotation.CurrentUser;
import com.liao.tdoor.model.User;
import com.liao.tdoor.responseMsg.CurrentUserConstants;
import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
import org.springframework.web.bind.support.WebDataBinderFactory;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.NativeWebRequest;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestAttributes;
import org.springframework.web.method.support.HandlerMethodArgumentResolver;
import org.springframework.web.method.support.ModelAndViewContainer;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.support.MissingServletRequestPartException;

/**
 * 自定义参数解析器（解析user）
 * @author 廖某某
 * @date 2019/02/18
 * 增长方法注入，将含有 @CurrentUser 注解的方法参数注入当前登陆用户
 */
public class CurrentUserMethodArgumentResolver implements HandlerMethodArgumentResolver {
    @Override
    public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter){
        return parameter.getParameterType().isAssignableFrom(User.class) //判断是否能转换成User类型
                && parameter.hasParameterAnnotation(CurrentUser.class); //是否有CurrentUser注解
    }

    @Override
    public Object resolveArgument(MethodParameter parameter, ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
                                  NativeWebRequest webRequest, WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) throws Exception {
        User user = (User) webRequest.getAttribute(CurrentUserConstants.CURRENT_USER, RequestAttributes.SCOPE_REQUEST);
        if (user != null) {
            return user;
        }
        throw new MissingServletRequestPartException(CurrentUserConstants.CURRENT_USER);
    }
}

View Code

 这章就大概先说这么多吧，好像记得也就这么多了。

思想总结：用户登陆传递邮箱密码（缺点：没有作到密码加密传输）到服务端验证，经过就返回token给前台，前台获取token保存到本地客户端。在HTML中我用的是localStorage保存，而后每次发起请求会根据是否须要登陆操做而向后台传递token。服务端根据请求头的token，进行用户验证，验证经过就放行，不经过就返回登陆失败信息返回前台，前台根据服务端返回的消息做出相应处理。

下一章说一下关于验证经过放行操做。若是这章有什么问题请你们见谅，并留言指正，O(∩_∩)O哈哈~。