Spider_Man_3 の selenium

时间 2019-11-30

标签 spider man selenium 繁體版

原文原文链接

一：介绍php

selenium最初是一个自动化测试工具,而爬虫中使用它主要是为了解决requests没法直接执行JavaScript代码的问题

selenium本质是经过驱动浏览器，彻底模拟浏览器的操做，好比跳转、输入、点击、下拉等，来拿到网页渲染以后的结果，可支持多种浏览器

from selenium import webdriver
browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser=webdriver.Firefox()
browser=webdriver.PhantomJS()
browser=webdriver.Safari()
browser=webdriver.Edge()

二：安装css

#安装：selenium+chromedriver
pip3 install selenium
下载chromdriver.exe放到python安装路径的scripts目录中便可，注意最新版本是2.35，并不是2.9
国内镜像网站地址：http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver/
最新的版本去官网找:https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/downloads

#验证安装
C:\Users\Administrator>python3
Mac:/usr/local/bin

Python 3.6.1 (v3.6.1:69c0db5, Mar 21 2017, 18:41:36) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from selenium import webdriver
>>> driver=webdriver.Chrome() #弹出浏览器
>>> driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
>>> driver.page_source

#注意：
selenium3默认支持的webdriver是Firfox，而Firefox须要安装geckodriver
下载连接：https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases

#安装：selenium+phantomjs
pip3 install selenium
下载phantomjs，解压后把phantomjs.exe所在的bin目录放到环境变量
下载连接：http://phantomjs.org/download.html

#验证安装
C:\Users\Administrator>phantomjs
phantomjs> console.log('egon gaga')
egon gaga
undefined
phantomjs> ^C
C:\Users\Administrator>python3
Python 3.6.1 (v3.6.1:69c0db5, Mar 21 2017, 18:41:36) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from selenium import webdriver
>>> driver=webdriver.PhantomJS() #无界面浏览器
>>> driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
>>> driver.page_source

selenium+phantomjs

三：基本使用html

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操做
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素

browser=webdriver.Chrome()
try:
    browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')

    input_tag=browser.find_element_by_id('kw')
    input_tag.send_keys('666') #python2中输入中文错误，字符串前加个u
    input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) #输入回车

    wait=WebDriverWait(browser,10)
    wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'content_left'))) #等到id为content_left的元素加载完毕,最多等10秒

    print(browser.page_source)
    print(browser.current_url)
    print(browser.get_cookies())

finally:
    browser.close()

四：选择器python

　　1：基本用法jquery

#官网连接：http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/locating-elements.html
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操做
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素
import time

driver=webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
wait=WebDriverWait(driver,10)

try:
    #===============全部方法===================
    # 一、find_element_by_id
    # 二、find_element_by_link_text
    # 三、find_element_by_partial_link_text
    # 四、find_element_by_tag_name
    # 五、find_element_by_class_name
    # 六、find_element_by_name
    # 七、find_element_by_css_selector
    # 八、find_element_by_xpath
    # 强调：
    # 一、上述都可以改写成find_element(By.ID,'kw')的形式
    # 二、find_elements_by_xxx的形式是查找到多个元素，结果为列表

    #===============示范用法===================
    # 一、find_element_by_id
    print(driver.find_element_by_id('kw'))

    # 二、find_element_by_link_text
    # login=driver.find_element_by_link_text('登陆')
    # login.click()

    # 三、find_element_by_partial_link_text
    login=driver.find_elements_by_partial_link_text('录')[0]
    login.click()

    # 四、find_element_by_tag_name
    print(driver.find_element_by_tag_name('a'))

    # 五、find_element_by_class_name
    button=wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME,'tang-pass-footerBarULogin')))
    button.click()

    # 六、find_element_by_name
    input_user=wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.NAME,'userName')))
    input_pwd=wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.NAME,'password')))
    commit=wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID,'TANGRAM__PSP_10__submit')))

    input_user.send_keys('18611453110')
    input_pwd.send_keys('lhf@094573')
    commit.click()

    # 七、find_element_by_css_selector
    driver.find_element_by_css_selector('#kw')

    # 八、find_element_by_xpath

    time.sleep(5)

finally:
    # driver.close()
    driver.quit()  # 这个是杀掉进程。

　　2：xpathgit

#官网连接：http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/locating-elements.html
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操做
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素
import time

driver=webdriver.PhantomJS()
driver.get('https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/_static/selectors-sample1.html')
# wait=WebDriverWait(driver,3)
driver.implicitly_wait(3) #使用隐式等待

try:
    # find_element_by_xpath
    #//与/
    # driver.find_element_by_xpath('//body/a')  # 开头的//表明从整篇文档中寻找,body以后的/表明body的儿子，这一行找不到就会报错了

    driver.find_element_by_xpath('//body//a')  # 开头的//表明从整篇文档中寻找,body以后的//表明body的子子孙孙
    driver.find_element_by_css_selector('body a')

    #取第n个
    res1=driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//body//a[1]') #取第一个a标签
    print(res1[0].text)

    #按照属性查找,下述三者查找效果同样
    res1=driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a[5]')
    res2=driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a[@href="image5.html"]')
    res3=driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a[contains(@href,"image5")]') #模糊查找
    print('==>', res1.text)
    print('==>',res2.text)
    print('==>',res3.text)


    #其余
    res1=driver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/div/a')
    print(res1.text)

    res2=driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a[img/@src="image3_thumb.jpg"]') #找到子标签img的src属性为image3_thumb.jpg的a标签
    print(res2.tag_name,res2.text)

    res3 = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@name='continue'][@type='button']") #查看属性name为continue且属性type为button的input标签
    res4 = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@name='continue'][@type='button']") #查看属性name为continue且属性type为button的全部标签
    
    
    time.sleep(5)

finally:
    # driver.close()
    driver.quit()

　　3：获取标签属性github

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操做
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素

browser=webdriver.Chrome()

browser.get('https://www.amazon.cn/')

wait=WebDriverWait(browser,10)
wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'cc-lm-tcgShowImgContainer')))

tag=browser.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'#cc-lm-tcgShowImgContainer img')

#获取标签属性，
print(tag.get_attribute('src'))


#获取标签ID，位置，名称，大小（了解）
print(tag.id)
print(tag.location)
print(tag.tag_name)
print(tag.size)


# browser.close()
browser.quit()

五：等待元素被加载web

#一、selenium只是模拟浏览器的行为，而浏览器解析页面是须要时间的（执行css，js），一些元素可能须要过一段时间才能加载出来，为了保证能查找到元素，必须等待

#二、等待的方式分两种：
隐式等待：在browser.get（'xxx'）前就设置，针对全部元素有效
显式等待：在browser.get（'xxx'）以后设置，只针对某个元素有效

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操做
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素

browser=webdriver.Chrome()

#隐式等待:在查找全部元素时，若是还没有被加载，则等10秒
browser.implicitly_wait(10)

browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')


input_tag=browser.find_element_by_id('kw')
input_tag.send_keys('美女')
input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)

contents=browser.find_element_by_id('content_left') #没有等待环节而直接查找，找不到则会报错
print(contents)

browser.close()

隐式等待

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操做
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素

browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')


input_tag=browser.find_element_by_id('kw')
input_tag.send_keys('555')
input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)


#显式等待：显式地等待某个元素被加载
wait=WebDriverWait(browser,10)
wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'content_left')))

contents=browser.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'#content_left')
print(contents)


browser.close()

显式等待


六：元素交互操做

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操做
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素

browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.amazon.cn/')
wait=WebDriverWait(browser,10)


input_tag=wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'twotabsearchtextbox')))
input_tag.send_keys('iphone 8')
button=browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#nav-search > form > div.nav-right > div > input')
button.click()


import time
time.sleep(3)

input_tag=browser.find_element_by_id('twotabsearchtextbox')
input_tag.clear() #清空输入框
input_tag.send_keys('iphone7plus')
button=browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#nav-search > form > div.nav-right > div > input')
button.click()



# browser.close()

点击、清空

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By  # 按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys  # 键盘按键操做
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait  # 等待页面加载某些元素
import time

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
wait=WebDriverWait(driver,3)
# driver.implicitly_wait(3)  # 使用隐式等待

try:
    driver.switch_to.frame('iframeResult') ##切换到iframeResult
    sourse=driver.find_element_by_id('draggable')
    target=driver.find_element_by_id('droppable')

    #方式一：基于同一个动做链串行执行
    # actions=ActionChains(driver) #拿到动做链对象
    # actions.drag_and_drop(sourse,target) #把动做放到动做链中，准备串行执行
    # actions.perform()

    #方式二：不一样的动做链，每次移动的位移都不一样
    ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(sourse).perform()
    distance=target.location['x']-sourse.location['x']

    track=0
    while track < distance:
        ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=2,yoffset=0).perform()
        track+=2

    ActionChains(driver).release().perform()

    time.sleep(10)

finally:
    driver.close()

Action Chains

ActionChains

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操做
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素


try:
    browser=webdriver.Chrome()
    browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
    browser.execute_script('alert("hello world")') #打印警告
finally:
    browser.close()

在交互动做比较难实现的时候能够本身写JS（万能方法）

在交互动做比较难实现的时候能够本身写JS（万能方法）

#frame至关于一个单独的网页，在父frame里是没法直接查看到子frame的元素的，必须switch_to_frame切到该frame下，才能进一步查找

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操做
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素


try:
    browser=webdriver.Chrome()
    browser.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')

    browser.switch_to.frame('iframeResult') #切换到id为iframeResult的frame

    tag1=browser.find_element_by_id('droppable')
    print(tag1)

    # tag2=browser.find_element_by_id('textareaCode') #报错，在子frame里没法查看到父frame的元素
    browser.switch_to.parent_frame() #切回父frame,就能够查找到了
    tag2=browser.find_element_by_id('textareaCode')
    print(tag2)

finally:
    browser.close()

补充:frame的切换

frame的切换

七：其余chrome

#模拟浏览器的前进后退
import time
from selenium import webdriver

browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
browser.get('http://www.sina.com.cn/')

browser.back()
time.sleep(10)
browser.forward()
browser.close()

#cookies
from selenium import webdriver

browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')
print(browser.get_cookies())
browser.add_cookie({'k1':'xxx','k2':'yyy'})
print(browser.get_cookies())

# browser.delete_all_cookies()

cookies

#选项卡管理：切换选项卡，有js的方式windows.open,有windows快捷键：ctrl+t等，最通用的就是js的方式
import time
from selenium import webdriver

browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
browser.execute_script('window.open()')

print(browser.window_handles) #获取全部的选项卡
browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[1])
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
time.sleep(10)
browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[0])
browser.get('https://www.sina.com.cn')
browser.close()

选项卡管理

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException,NoSuchElementException,NoSuchFrameException

try:
    browser=webdriver.Chrome()
    browser.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
    browser.switch_to.frame('iframssseResult')

except TimeoutException as e:
    print(e)
except NoSuchFrameException as e:
    print(e)
finally:
    browser.close()

异常处理

八：项目练习npm

import time

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操做
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素


# 该代码生效与 2018-01-18     不知道何时会变。重在学习流程。

# username = '1111111'
# password = '2222222'
#
# try:
#     browser = webdriver.Chrome()
#     browser.get('https://mail.163.com')
#     browser.implicitly_wait(5)
#     frame = browser.find_element_by_id('x-URS-iframe')  # 这个163有点骚气，须要进入到该id下的iframe
#     browser.switch_to.frame(frame)
#
#     user_tag = browser.find_element_by_id('auto-id-1516274652838')
#     user_tag.send_keys(username)
#     pwd_tag = browser.find_element_by_id('auto-id-1516274652839')
#     pwd_tag.send_keys(password)
#
#     pwd_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
#     login = browser.find_elements_by_id('dologin')
#
#     # 这里若是有验证码。。。  原谅我，我还在学习破解该验证码方式。
#     # 。。。略略略



browser = webdriver.Chrome()
try:
    browser.get('http://mail.163.com/')

    wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 5)

    frame = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'x-URS-iframe')))
    browser.switch_to.frame(frame)

    wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.m-container')))

    inp_user = browser.find_element_by_name('email')
    inp_pwd = browser.find_element_by_name('password')
    button = browser.find_element_by_id('dologin')
    inp_user.send_keys('66666')
    inp_pwd.send_keys('xxxx')
    button.click()


    wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'dvNavTop')))
    write_msg = browser.find_elements_by_css_selector('#dvNavTop li')[1]  # 获取第二个li标签就是“写信”了
    write_msg.click()

    wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, 'tH0')))
    recv_man = browser.find_element_by_class_name('nui-editableAddr-ipt')
    title = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('.dG0 .nui-ipt-input')
    recv_man.send_keys('666@qq.com')
    title.send_keys('8787')
    print(title.tag_name)

    frame = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, 'APP-editor-iframe')))
    browser.switch_to.frame(frame)
    body = browser.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'body')
    body.send_keys('666，wenwenwen')

    browser.switch_to.parent_frame()  # 切回他爹
    send_button = browser.find_element_by_class_name('nui-toolbar-item')
    send_button.click()

    # 能够睡时间久一点别让浏览器关掉，看看发送成功没有
    import time

    time.sleep(100)

except Exception as e:
    print(e)

finally:
    browser.quit()

自动登陆163并发送邮件

import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #键盘按键操做
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待页面加载某些元素
# 爬取天猫撸撸杯


def get_goods(browser):
    goods = browser.find_elements_by_class_name('J_MouserOnverReq')
    # print(goods)
    msgs=[]
    for detail_good in goods:
        tag_a = detail_good.find_element_by_css_selector('.pic > .pic-link')
        detail_url =tag_a.get_attribute('href')
        detail_name = tag_a.find_element_by_tag_name('img').get_attribute('alt')
        detail_price = tag_a.get_attribute('trace-price')
        detail_pic = tag_a.find_element_by_tag_name('img').get_attribute('src')

        msg="""
            🎃🎃🎃🎃🎃
            商品名称：{0},
            商品连接：{1},
            商品价钱：{2}，
            商品图片：{3} 
            """.format(detail_name,detail_url,detail_price,detail_pic)
        msgs.append(msg)

    with open('saosao','w') as f :
        for x in msgs:
            f.write(x)
def spider(url,keyword):
    try:
        browser = webdriver.Chrome()
        browser.get(url)
        browser.implicitly_wait(10)
        # 找到搜索框，并输入关键字
        # browser.find_element_by_css_selector('div .s-combobox-input > input')
        search_tag = browser.find_element_by_id('q')
        search_tag.send_keys(keyword)
        search_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
        get_goods(browser)
        time.sleep(50)
        # print(browser)
    finally:
        browser.quit()

url='https://www.taobao.com'
keyword = '撸撸杯'

# 执行
if __name__ == '__main__':
    spider(url,keyword)

爬tb的lulubei

更多相关文章...