ORACLE使用GV_$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER统计临时表空使用状况不许确的问题

之前写了一篇ORACLE临时表空间总结的文章， 里面介绍了几个查看临时表空间使用状况的脚本，其中一个脚本以下所示：

 

SELECT TU.TABLESPACE_NAME                                    AS "TABLESPACE_NAME",

       TT.TOTAL - TU.USED                                    AS "FREE(G)",

       TT.TOTAL                                              AS "TOTAL(G)",

       ROUND(NVL(TU.USED, 0) / TT.TOTAL * 100, 3)            AS "USED(%)",

       ROUND(NVL(TT.TOTAL - TU.USED, 0) * 100 / TT.TOTAL, 3) AS "FREE(%)"

FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, 

              SUM(BYTES_USED) / 1024 / 1024 / 1024 USED

       FROM GV_$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER

       GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) TU ,

     (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,

              SUM(BYTES) / 1024 / 1024 / 1024 AS TOTAL

       FROM DBA_TEMP_FILES

       GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) TT

WHERE TU.TABLESPACE_NAME = TT.TABLESPACE_NAME;

 

其实这个查看表空间的脚本是不许确的，有问题的（固然前面博客里面所提到的脚本到如今也没有改，之后也不打算修改了，就这样放着吧）。你能够对比下面几个脚原本看看。

   

若是临时表空间是dictionary managed temporary tablespace，可使用下面SQL：

SELECT (S.TOT_USED_BLOCKS/F.TOTAL_BLOCKS)*100 AS "PERCENT USED"

FROM

  (SELECT SUM(USED_BLOCKS) TOT_USED_BLOCKS

  FROM V$SORT_SEGMENT

  WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME='TEMPSCM2'

  ) S,

  (SELECT SUM(BLOCKS) TOTAL_BLOCKS

  FROM DBA_DATA_FILES

  WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME='TEMPSCM2'

  ) F;

 

若是临时表空间是Locally Manageed Temporary Tablespace，使用下面SQL：

SQL> SELECT  T.TABLESPACE_NAME,

            ( U.TOT_USED_BLOCKS / T.TOTAL_BLOCKS ) * 100 AS "PERCENT USED" 

     FROM   (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,

                    SUM(USED_BLOCKS) TOT_USED_BLOCKS 

             FROM   V$SORT_SEGMENT 

             WHERE  TABLESPACE_NAME = &TABLESPACE_NAME

             GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) U, 

            (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,

                    SUM(BLOCKS) TOTAL_BLOCKS 

             FROM   DBA_TEMP_FILES 

             WHERE  TABLESPACE_NAME = &TABLESPACE_NAME

             GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) T;

 

固然你也可使用下面SQL来查看临时表空间的使用状况， 以下所示：

SELECT D.tablespace_name, 

               SPACE                                      "SUM_SPACE(M)", 

               blocks                                     "SUM_BLOCKS", 

               used_space                                 "USED_SPACE(M)", 

               Round(Nvl(used_space, 0) / SPACE * 100, 2) "USED_RATE(%)", 

               SPACE - used_space                         "FREE_SPACE(M)" 

        FROM   (SELECT tablespace_name, 

                       Round(SUM(bytes) / ( 1024 * 1024 ), 2) SPACE, 

                       SUM(blocks)                            BLOCKS 

                FROM   dba_temp_files 

                GROUP  BY tablespace_name) D, 

               (SELECT tablespace, 

                       Round(SUM(blocks * 8192) / ( 1024 * 1024 ), 2) USED_SPACE 

                FROM   v$sort_usage 

                GROUP  BY tablespace) F 

        WHERE  D.tablespace_name = F.tablespace(+)

          AND  D.tablespace_name='TEMPSCM2'

 

 

那么为何GV_$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER统计的数据不许确呢？ 这个是由于GV_$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER取数据不许确，官方解释为：

 

The views v$sort_usage or v$tempseg_usage ( and v$sort_segment) give the correct information regarding the allocation of sort segments.

We should always query these views to find out the actual temp usage. The view v$temp_space_header shows that these many blocks were touched in each temp file at some point when temp usage was at its highest,

in essence, it shows the number of initialized blocks for each tempfile, not the actual allocated blocks.

The views v$sort_usage/v$tempseg_usage show the actual sort extents allocated for each transaction from these initialized blocks. Also, v$temp_space_header is persistent across restarts. V$sort_segment and v$sort_usage are not.

 

 

第二段我翻译以下：

视图v$temp_space_header显示的是每个temp文件在某一个时刻使用过的最大大小，从本质上说，它显示的是每个tempfile的初始化大小，而不是实际分配的块大小。

 

因此说从视图v$temp_space_header获取的数据其实并非实际使用的大小，它是不许确的。那么确定有人会问，脚本里面不是访问的GV_$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER视图吗? 跟这个视图v$temp_space_header有关系吗？ 答案是有关系，他们的数据来源是一致的，也就是说来自相同的内部表，以下所示：

 

通常来讲，在GV$和V$以后， Oracle会创建GV_$和V_$视图， 随后为这些视图创建了公用同义词。GV_$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER是一个视图，以下所示

SQL> SELECT OWNER, OBJECT_NAME, OBJECT_TYPE FROM DBA_OBJECTS WHERE OBJECT_NAME ='GV_$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER';

OWNER                   OBJECT_NAME                         OBJECT_TYPE

-------------------- ------------------------------- -------------------

SYS                     GV_$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER                VIEW

 

GV_$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER视图的定义以下所示：

SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('VIEW', 'GV_$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER', 'SYS') FROM DUAL;

SELECT * FROM DBA_VIEWS WHERE VIEW_NAME='GV_$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER';

SELECT "INST_ID",

 "TABLESPACE_NAME",

 "FILE_ID",

 "BYTES_USED",

 "BLOCKS_USED",

 "BYTES_FREE",

 "BLOCKS_FREE",

 "RELATIVE_FNO"

ROM gv$temp_space_header

 

 

而gv$temp_space_header视图的定义以下（固然若是查询DBA_OBJECTS会发现它是一个同义词，指向GV_$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER,这个后面介绍缘由)

SQL>  select view_definition from v$fixed_view_definition

  2  where view_name='GV$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER';

VIEW_DEFINITION

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

select /*+ ordered use_nl(hc) */ hc.inst_id, ts.name, hc.ktfthctfno, (hc.ktfthcs

z - hc.ktfthcfree)*ts.blocksize, (hc.ktfthcsz - hc.ktfthcfree), hc.ktfthcfree*ts

.blocksize, hc.ktfthcfree, hc.ktfthcfno from ts$ ts, x$ktfthc hc where ts.conten

ts$ = 1 and ts.bitmapped <> 0 and ts.online$ = 1 and ts.ts# = hc.ktfthctsn and h

c.ktfthccval = 0

SQL> 

 

 

v$temp_space_header它也是一个视图（查询DBA_OBJECTS发现其是一个同义词，这个后面介绍），你会发现v$temp_space_header实际上是从视图GV$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER过滤数据，以下所示：

SELECT OWNER, OBJECT_NAME, OBJECT_TYPE FROM DBA_OBJECTS WHERE OBJECT_NAME =upper('v$temp_space_header');

QL> select view_definition from v$fixed_view_definition

 2   where view_name=upper('v$temp_space_header');

IEW_DEFINITION

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

elect  TABLESPACE_NAME , FILE_ID , BYTES_USED , BLOCKS_USED , BYTES_FREE , BLOC

S_FREE , RELATIVE_FNO from GV$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER where inst_id = USERENV('Instan

e')

 

你在$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin下的catspace.sql中，就会发现这样的SQL，这就解释了为何gv$temp_space_header是视图，又是同义词的缘由。

create or replace view gv_$temp_space_header as select * from gv$temp_space_header;

create or replace public synonym gv$temp_space_header

   for gv_$temp_space_header;

grant select on gv_$temp_space_header to SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE;