操做步骤:
静态路由的配置
:
咱们要使得
1.1.1
.0/24、2.2.2.0/24、3.3.3.0/24 网络之间可以互相通讯。
(1) 步骤1:在各路由器上配置IP 地址、保证直连链路的连通性
R1(config)#int loopback0
R1(config-if)#ip address
1.1.1
.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config)#int f0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config)#int loopback0
R2(config-if)#ip address
2.2.2
.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config)#int f0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config)#int f0/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config)#int loopback0
R3(config-if)#ip address
3.3.3
.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config)#int f0/1
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
(2) 步骤2:R1 上配置静态路由
R1(config)#ip route
2.2.2
.0 255.255.
255.0 f
0/0
//
下一跳为接口形式,f0/0 是点对点的链路,注意应该是R1 上的f0/0 接口
R1(config)#ip route
3.3.3
.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2
//
下一跳为IP 地址形式,192.168.1.2 是R2 上的IP 地址
(3) 步骤3:R2 上配置静态路由
R2(config)#ip route
1.1.1
.0 255.255.
255.0 f
0/0
R2(config)#ip route
3.3.3
.0 255.255.
255.0 f
0/1
(4) 步骤4:R3 上配置静态路由
R3(config)#ip route
1.1.1
.0 255.255.
255.0 f
0/1
R3(config)#ip route
2.2.2
.0 255.255.
255.0 f
0/1
(5)
分别在R1,R2,R3上查看路由表
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -
OSPF
,
IA
- OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0
.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C
1.1.1
.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
2.0.0
.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S
2.2.2
.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
3.0.0
.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S
3.3.3
.0 [1/0] via 192.168.1.2
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -
OSPF
,
IA
- OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0
.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S
1.1.1
.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
2.0.0
.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C
2.2.2
.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
3.0.0
.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S
3.3.3
.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
R3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -
OSPF
,
IA
- OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0
.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S
1.1.1
.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
2.0.0
.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S
2.2.2
.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
3.0.0
.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C
3.3.3
.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
(2)从各路由器的环回接口ping 其余路由器的环回接口:
R1#ping
//
不带任何参数的ping 命令,容许咱们输入更多的参数
Protocol [ip]:
Target IP address:
2.2.2
.2 //
目标IP 地址
Repeat count [5]: //
发送的ping 次数
Datagram size [100]: //ping
包的大小
Timeout in seconds [2]: //
超时时间
Extended commands [n]: y //
是否进一步扩展命令
Source address or interface:
1.1.1
.1 //
源IP 地址
Type of service [0]:
Set DF bit in IP header? [no]:
Validate reply data? [no]:
Data pattern [0xABCD]:
Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]:
Sweep range of sizes [n]:
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to
2.2.2
.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of
1.1.1
.1
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max =
12/14/16
ms
//
以上说明从R1 的loopback0 能够ping 通R2 上的loopback0。也能够直接使用命令:
R1#ping
2.2.2
.2 source loopback 0
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to
2.2.2
.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of
1.1.1
.1
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max =
12/14/16
ms
R2#ping
1.1.1
.1 source loopback 0
R2#ping
3.3.3
.3 source loopback 0
//
从R2 的loopback0 应该能够ping 通R1 和R3 的loopback0 接口。
R3#ping
1.1.1
.1 source loopback 0
R3#ping
2.2.2
.2 source loopback 0
//
从R3 的loopback0 也应该能够ping 通R1 和R2 的loopback0 接口。
【提示】虽然从R1 的loopback0 能够ping 通R3 的loopback0,数据须要通过
192.168.2.0/24
网络,可是在R1 上咱们并无添加192.168.2.0/24 的路由。路由器转发数据包完成是根据路由表的,而且数据是一跳一跳地被转发的,就像接力赛似的。从R1的loopback0 口ping R3 的loopback0 口时,IP 数据包的源IP 为
1.1.1
.1,目的IP 为3.3.3.3。R1 路由器首先查路由表,数据包被发到了R2;R2 路由器也查路由表(3.3.3.0/24 路由),数据包被发到了R3;R3 知道这是直连路由。R3 响应R1 的数据包进行相似的过程。
(3) 从R1 上ping
2.2.2
.2、从R1 上ping 3.3.3.3
R1#ping
2.2.2
.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to
2.2.2
.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max =
12/14/16
ms
//
能够ping 通。
R1#ping
3.3.3
.3
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to
3.3.3
.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
//
以上没法ping 通,缘由在于使用ping 命令时,若是不指明源接口,则R1 路由器使用f0/0接口的IP 地址(192.168.1.1)做为IP 数据包的源IP 地址了。R3 上响应R1 的数据包时,数据包是发向192.168.1.1 的,然而因为R3 没有192.168.1.0/24 的路由,数据包没法发送。即:数据包从R1 到了R3 后,没法返回R1。
默认路由的配置:
(1) 步骤1:R1、R3 上删除原有静态路由
R1(config)#no ip route
2.2.2
.0 255.255.
255.0 f
0/0
//
要删除路由,在原有命令前面加no 便可
R1(config)#no ip route
3.3.3
.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.12.2
R3(config)#no ip route
1.1.1
.0 255.255.
255.0 f
0/1
R3(config)#no ip route
2.2.2
.0 255.255.
255.0 f
0/1
(2) 步骤2: R1、R3 上配置默认路由
R1(config)#ip route
0.0.0
.0 0.0.
0.0 f
0/0
R3(config)#ip route
0.0.0
.0 0.0.
0.0 f
0/1
验证:
从各路由器的环回口ping 其余路由器的环回口,这样,静态路由和默认路由就作好了。