公众号:爱写bugjava
Write a function to find the longest common prefix string amongst an array of strings.python
If there is no common prefix, return an empty string ""
.数组
编写一个函数来查找字符串数组中的最长公共前缀。app
若是不存在公共前缀,返回空字符串 ""
。函数
Example 1:ui
Input: ["flower","flow","flight"] Output: "fl"
Example 2:spa
Input: ["dog","racecar","car"] Output: "" Explanation: There is no common prefix among the input strings.
Note:.net
All given inputs are in lowercase letters a-z
.code
说明:component
全部输入只包含小写字母 a-z
。
很简单又很经典的一道题,个人思路起先是 把第字符串组第一个字符串转为char型。利用StringBuilder逐一累加相同字符。因为字符串长度不一,能够先遍历找出最小长度字符串,这里我选择抛错的形式,减小一次遍历。
代码:
class Solution { public String longestCommonPrefix(String[] strs) { int strLen=strs.length; if(strLen==0) return "";//空字符串组返回"" char[] temp=strs[0].toCharArray(); StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder(); for (int i=0;i<strs[0].length();i++){//以第一个字符串长度开始比较 for (int j=1;j<strLen;j++){ try { if(temp[i]!=strs[j].charAt(i)){ return str.toString(); } }catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e){//抛出错误,这里错误是指索引超出字符串长度 return strs[j]; } } str.append(temp[i]); } return strs[0]; } }
后面想到Java有 subString()
方法,可指定长度截取字符串,无需转为 char[]
型,可是在 Leetcode 提交时反而不如上面这种方式运算快,这也说明了Java不支持运算符重载,使用 substring()
每次新建一个String字符串,效率并不高。
最后看到一个方法,大体思路是找到最小长度字符串,从大到小截取字符串,既然用到 subString()
方法,不如就从后向前,由于题目是找出最长公众前缀,从大到小效率很高。具体请看:
public class Solution { public String longestCommonPrefix(String[] strs) { if(strs.length==0) return ""; int min=Integer.MAX_VALUE; String minStr=""; for(int i=0;i<strs.length;i++){//找出最小长度字符串 if(min>strs[i].length()){ minStr=strs[i]; min=strs[i].length(); } } if(min==0) return ""; for(int i=min;i>=0;i--){//最小长度字符串从长到短截取 String standard=minStr.substring(0, i); int j=0; for(j=0;j<strs.length;j++){ if(strs[j].substring(0, i).equals(standard)) continue; else break; } if(j==strs.length) return standard; } return ""; } }
原代码连接: http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-vdxjqbyf-bx.html
再次投机取巧,os.path 封装函数 commonprefix()
一步到位。
代码:
class Solution(object): def longestCommonPrefix(self, strs): import os return os.path.commonprefix(strs)
其实该函数是利用ASCll码比较的特性来编写的,源码:
def commonprefix(m): "Given a list of pathnames, returns the longest common leading component" if not m: return '' # Some people pass in a list of pathname parts to operate in an OS-agnostic # fashion; don't try to translate in that case as that's an abuse of the # API and they are already doing what they need to be OS-agnostic and so # they most likely won't be using an os.PathLike object in the sublists. if not isinstance(m[0], (list, tuple)): m = tuple(map(os.fspath, m)) s1 = min(m) s2 = max(m) for i, c in enumerate(s1)://枚举获得s1的每个字符及其索引 if c != s2[i]: return s1[:i] return s1
尽管如此,py3这段代码的执行速度依然远比Java慢的多。
**注:**ASCll码比较大小并不是是按照全部字符的ASCll累加之和比较,是从一个字符串第一个字符开始比较大小,若是不相同直接得出大小结果,后面的字符不在比较。