为何要使用PowerMock
现现在比较流行的Mock工具如jMock 、EasyMock 、Mockito等都有一个共同的缺点:不能mock静态、final、私有方法等。而PowerMock可以完美的弥补以上三个Mock工具的不足。
PowerMock简介
PowerMock是一个扩展了其它如EasyMock等mock框架的、功能更增强大的框架。PowerMock使用一个自定义类加载器和字节码操做来模拟静态方法,构造函数,final类和方法,私有方法,去除静态初始化器等等。经过使用自定义的类加载器,简化采用的IDE或持续集成服务器不须要作任何改变。熟悉PowerMock支持的mock框架的开发人员会发现PowerMock很容易使用,由于对于静态方法和构造器来讲,整个的指望API是同样的。PowerMock旨在用少许的方法和注解扩展示有的API来实现额外的功能。目前PowerMock支持EasyMock和Mockito。
PowerMock入门
PowerMock有两个重要的注解:
–@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
–@PrepareForTest( { YourClassWithEgStaticMethod.class })
若是你的测试用例里没有使用注解@PrepareForTest,那么能够不用加注解@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class),反之亦然。当你须要使用PowerMock强大功能(Mock静态、final、私有方法等)的时候,就须要加注解@PrepareForTest。服务器
PowerMock基本用法
(1) 普通Mock: Mock参数传递的对象
测试目标代码:框架
public boolean callArgumentInstance(File file) { return file.exists(); }
测试用例代码: 函数
@Test public void testCallArgumentInstance() { File file = PowerMockito.mock(File.class); ClassUnderTest underTest = new ClassUnderTest(); PowerMockito.when(file.exists()).thenReturn(true); Assert.assertTrue(underTest.callArgumentInstance(file)); }
说明:普通Mock不须要加@RunWith和@PrepareForTest注解。工具
(2) Mock方法内部new出来的对象测试
测试目标代码:google
public class ClassUnderTest { public boolean callInternalInstance(String path) { File file = new File(path); return file.exists(); } }
测试用例代码:spa
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) public class TestClassUnderTest { @Test @PrepareForTest(ClassUnderTest.class) public void testCallInternalInstance() throws Exception { File file = PowerMockito.mock(File.class); ClassUnderTest underTest = new ClassUnderTest(); PowerMockito.whenNew(File.class).withArguments("bbb").thenReturn(file); PowerMockito.when(file.exists()).thenReturn(true); Assert.assertTrue(underTest.callInternalInstance("bbb")); } }
说明:当使用PowerMockito.whenNew方法时,必须加注解@PrepareForTest和@RunWith。注解@PrepareForTest里写的类是须要mock的new对象代码所在的类。code
(3) Mock普通对象的final方法
测试目标代码:orm
public class ClassUnderTest { public boolean callFinalMethod(ClassDependency refer) { return refer.isAlive(); } } public class ClassDependency { public final boolean isAlive() { // do something return false; } }
测试用例代码:对象
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) public class TestClassUnderTest { @Test @PrepareForTest(ClassDependency.class) public void testCallFinalMethod() { ClassDependency depencency = PowerMockito.mock(ClassDependency.class); ClassUnderTest underTest = new ClassUnderTest(); PowerMockito.when(depencency.isAlive()).thenReturn(true); Assert.assertTrue(underTest.callFinalMethod(depencency)); } }
说明: 当须要mock final方法的时候,必须加注解@PrepareForTest和@RunWith。注解@PrepareForTest里写的类是final方法所在的类。
(4) Mock普通类的静态方法
测试目标代码:
public class ClassUnderTest { public boolean callStaticMethod() { return ClassDependency.isExist(); } } public class ClassDependency { public static boolean isExist() { // do something return false; } }
测试用例代码:
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) public class TestClassUnderTest { @Test @PrepareForTest(ClassDependency.class) public void testCallStaticMethod() { ClassUnderTest underTest = new ClassUnderTest(); PowerMockito.mockStatic(ClassDependency.class); PowerMockito.when(ClassDependency.isExist()).thenReturn(true); Assert.assertTrue(underTest.callStaticMethod()); } }
说明:当须要mock静态方法的时候,必须加注解@PrepareForTest和@RunWith。注解@PrepareForTest里写的类是静态方法所在的类。
(5) Mock 私有方法
测试目标代码:
public class ClassUnderTest { public boolean callPrivateMethod() { return isExist(); } private boolean isExist() { return false; } }
测试用例代码:
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) public class TestClassUnderTest { @Test @PrepareForTest(ClassUnderTest.class) public void testCallPrivateMethod() throws Exception { ClassUnderTest underTest = PowerMockito.mock(ClassUnderTest.class); PowerMockito.when(underTest.callPrivateMethod()).thenCallRealMethod(); PowerMockito.when(underTest, "isExist").thenReturn(true); Assert.assertTrue(underTest.callPrivateMethod()); } }
说明:和Mock普通方法同样,只是须要加注解@PrepareForTest(ClassUnderTest.class),注解里写的类是私有方法所在的类。
项目中的使用示例:
private String validLstContainsCase(List<PlatformCase> caseLst, PlatformCase platformParam) { return msg; } private CustomerProductPlatform createCustomerProductPlatform(Long platformCaseId) { return param; } @Test @PrepareForTest(PlatformCaseManageServiceImpl.class) public void validLstContainsCase(){ try { PlatformCaseManageServiceImpl serviceImpl = PowerMockito.mock(PlatformCaseManageServiceImpl.class); // 模拟对象 List<PlatformCase> caseLst = new ArrayList<>(); PlatformCase plat = new PlatformCase(); caseLst.add(plat); PowerMockito.when(serviceImpl, "validLstContainsCase",caseLst,plat).thenReturn("test"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @Test @PrepareForTest(PlatformCaseManageServiceImpl.class) public void createCustomerProductPlatform(){ try { PlatformCaseManageServiceImpl serviceImpl = PowerMockito.mock(PlatformCaseManageServiceImpl.class); PowerMockito.when(serviceImpl, "createCustomerProductPlatform",12l).thenReturn("test"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
(6) Mock系统类的静态和final方法
测试目标代码:
public class ClassUnderTest { public boolean callSystemFinalMethod(String str) { return str.isEmpty(); } public String callSystemStaticMethod(String str) { return System.getProperty(str); } }
测试用例代码:
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) public class TestClassUnderTest { @Test @PrepareForTest(ClassUnderTest.class) public void testCallSystemStaticMethod() { ClassUnderTest underTest = new ClassUnderTest(); PowerMockito.mockStatic(System.class); PowerMockito.when(System.getProperty("aaa")).thenReturn("bbb"); Assert.assertEquals("bbb", underTest.callJDKStaticMethod("aaa")); } }
说明:和Mock普通对象的静态方法、final方法同样,只不过注解@PrepareForTest里写的类不同 ,注解里写的类是须要调用系统方法所在的类。
无所不能的PowerMock
(1) 验证静态方法:
PowerMockito.verifyStatic();
Static.firstStaticMethod(param);
(2) 扩展验证:
PowerMockito.verifyStatic(Mockito.times(2)); // 被调用2次 Static.thirdStaticMethod(Mockito.anyInt()); // 以任何整数值被调用
(3) 更多的Mock方法
http://code.google.com/p/powermock/wiki/MockitoUsage13
PowerMock简单实现原理• 当某个测试方法被注解@PrepareForTest标注之后,在运行测试用例时,会建立一个新org.powermock.core.classloader.MockClassLoader实例,而后加载该测试用例使用到的类(系统类除外)。• PowerMock会根据你的mock要求,去修改写在注解@PrepareForTest里的class文件(当前测试类会自动加入注解中),以知足特殊的mock需求。例如:去除final方法的final标识,在静态方法的最前面加入本身的虚拟实现等。• 若是须要mock的是系统类的final方法和静态方法,PowerMock不会直接修改系统类的class文件,而是修改调用系统类的class文件,以知足mock需求