PowerMock框架讲解及使用

为何要使用PowerMock
现现在比较流行的Mock工具如jMock 、EasyMock 、Mockito等都有一个共同的缺点:不能mock静态、final、私有方法等。而PowerMock可以完美的弥补以上三个Mock工具的不足。
PowerMock简介
PowerMock是一个扩展了其它如EasyMock等mock框架的、功能更增强大的框架。PowerMock使用一个自定义类加载器和字节码操做来模拟静态方法,构造函数,final类和方法,私有方法,去除静态初始化器等等。经过使用自定义的类加载器,简化采用的IDE或持续集成服务器不须要作任何改变。熟悉PowerMock支持的mock框架的开发人员会发现PowerMock很容易使用,由于对于静态方法和构造器来讲,整个的指望API是同样的。PowerMock旨在用少许的方法和注解扩展示有的API来实现额外的功能。目前PowerMock支持EasyMock和Mockito。
PowerMock入门
PowerMock有两个重要的注解:
–@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
–@PrepareForTest( { YourClassWithEgStaticMethod.class })
若是你的测试用例里没有使用注解@PrepareForTest,那么能够不用加注解@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class),反之亦然。当你须要使用PowerMock强大功能(Mock静态、final、私有方法等)的时候,就须要加注解@PrepareForTest。服务器

PowerMock基本用法
(1) 普通Mock: Mock参数传递的对象
测试目标代码:框架

public boolean callArgumentInstance(File file) {
     
         return file.exists();
     
    }

测试用例代码: 函数

@Test 
    public void testCallArgumentInstance() {
      
        File file = PowerMockito.mock(File.class); 
     
        ClassUnderTest underTest = new ClassUnderTest();
       
        PowerMockito.when(file.exists()).thenReturn(true);
      
        Assert.assertTrue(underTest.callArgumentInstance(file)); 
    }

说明:普通Mock不须要加@RunWith和@PrepareForTest注解。工具

(2)  Mock方法内部new出来的对象测试

测试目标代码:google

public class ClassUnderTest {
        public boolean callInternalInstance(String path) { 
            File file = new File(path); 
            return file.exists(); 
        } 
    }

测试用例代码:spa

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) 
    public class TestClassUnderTest {
        @Test 
        @PrepareForTest(ClassUnderTest.class) 
        public void testCallInternalInstance() throws Exception { 
            File file = PowerMockito.mock(File.class); 
            ClassUnderTest underTest = new ClassUnderTest(); 
            PowerMockito.whenNew(File.class).withArguments("bbb").thenReturn(file); 
            PowerMockito.when(file.exists()).thenReturn(true); 
            Assert.assertTrue(underTest.callInternalInstance("bbb")); 
        } 
    }

说明:当使用PowerMockito.whenNew方法时,必须加注解@PrepareForTest和@RunWith。注解@PrepareForTest里写的类是须要mock的new对象代码所在的类。code

(3) Mock普通对象的final方法
  测试目标代码:orm

public class ClassUnderTest {
        public boolean callFinalMethod(ClassDependency refer) { 
            return refer.isAlive(); 
        } 
    }
    public class ClassDependency {
        public final boolean isAlive() {
            // do something 
            return false; 
        } 
    }

测试用例代码:对象

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) 
    public class TestClassUnderTest {
        @Test 
        @PrepareForTest(ClassDependency.class) 
        public void testCallFinalMethod() {
            ClassDependency depencency =  PowerMockito.mock(ClassDependency.class);
            ClassUnderTest underTest = new ClassUnderTest();
            PowerMockito.when(depencency.isAlive()).thenReturn(true);
            Assert.assertTrue(underTest.callFinalMethod(depencency));
        }
    }

说明: 当须要mock final方法的时候,必须加注解@PrepareForTest和@RunWith。注解@PrepareForTest里写的类是final方法所在的类。
(4) Mock普通类的静态方法
测试目标代码:

    public class ClassUnderTest {
        public boolean callStaticMethod() {
            return ClassDependency.isExist(); 
        }  
    }
    public class ClassDependency {
        public static boolean isExist() {
            // do something 
            return false; 
        } 
    }

测试用例代码:

    @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) 
    public class TestClassUnderTest {
        @Test 
        @PrepareForTest(ClassDependency.class) 
        public void testCallStaticMethod() {
            ClassUnderTest underTest = new ClassUnderTest();
            PowerMockito.mockStatic(ClassDependency.class); 
            PowerMockito.when(ClassDependency.isExist()).thenReturn(true);
            Assert.assertTrue(underTest.callStaticMethod());
        }
    }

说明:当须要mock静态方法的时候,必须加注解@PrepareForTest和@RunWith。注解@PrepareForTest里写的类是静态方法所在的类。

(5) Mock 私有方法
  测试目标代码:

    public class ClassUnderTest {
        public boolean callPrivateMethod() { 
            return isExist(); 
        }       
        private boolean isExist() {
            return false; 
        }
    }

测试用例代码:  

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) 
    public class TestClassUnderTest {
     
        @Test 
        @PrepareForTest(ClassUnderTest.class) 
        public void testCallPrivateMethod() throws Exception { 
     
           ClassUnderTest underTest = PowerMockito.mock(ClassUnderTest.class); 
     
           PowerMockito.when(underTest.callPrivateMethod()).thenCallRealMethod(); 
     
           PowerMockito.when(underTest, "isExist").thenReturn(true);
       
           Assert.assertTrue(underTest.callPrivateMethod());
      
        }
    }

说明:和Mock普通方法同样,只是须要加注解@PrepareForTest(ClassUnderTest.class),注解里写的类是私有方法所在的类。 

项目中的使用示例:

    private String validLstContainsCase(List<PlatformCase> caseLst, PlatformCase platformParam) {
        return msg;
    }

    private CustomerProductPlatform createCustomerProductPlatform(Long platformCaseId) {
    
        return param;
    }

    @Test
    @PrepareForTest(PlatformCaseManageServiceImpl.class) 
    public void validLstContainsCase(){
        try {
            PlatformCaseManageServiceImpl serviceImpl = PowerMockito.mock(PlatformCaseManageServiceImpl.class); 
            // 模拟对象
            List<PlatformCase> caseLst = new ArrayList<>(); 
            PlatformCase plat = new PlatformCase();
            caseLst.add(plat);
            
            PowerMockito.when(serviceImpl, "validLstContainsCase",caseLst,plat).thenReturn("test");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    @Test
    @PrepareForTest(PlatformCaseManageServiceImpl.class) 
    public void createCustomerProductPlatform(){
        try {
            PlatformCaseManageServiceImpl serviceImpl = PowerMockito.mock(PlatformCaseManageServiceImpl.class); 
            
            PowerMockito.when(serviceImpl, "createCustomerProductPlatform",12l).thenReturn("test");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    

 

(6) Mock系统类的静态和final方法
测试目标代码:

public class ClassUnderTest {
        public boolean callSystemFinalMethod(String str) {
            return str.isEmpty(); 
        } 
        public String callSystemStaticMethod(String str) {
            return System.getProperty(str); 
        }
    }

测试用例代码:

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) 
    public class TestClassUnderTest {
     
      @Test 
      @PrepareForTest(ClassUnderTest.class) 
      public void testCallSystemStaticMethod() { 
          ClassUnderTest underTest = new ClassUnderTest(); 
          PowerMockito.mockStatic(System.class); 
          PowerMockito.when(System.getProperty("aaa")).thenReturn("bbb");
          Assert.assertEquals("bbb", underTest.callJDKStaticMethod("aaa")); 
      } 
    }

说明:和Mock普通对象的静态方法、final方法同样,只不过注解@PrepareForTest里写的类不同 ,注解里写的类是须要调用系统方法所在的类。

无所不能的PowerMock
(1) 验证静态方法:
PowerMockito.verifyStatic();
Static.firstStaticMethod(param);
(2) 扩展验证:
PowerMockito.verifyStatic(Mockito.times(2)); // 被调用2次 Static.thirdStaticMethod(Mockito.anyInt()); // 以任何整数值被调用
(3) 更多的Mock方法
http://code.google.com/p/powermock/wiki/MockitoUsage13

 

PowerMock简单实现原理• 当某个测试方法被注解@PrepareForTest标注之后,在运行测试用例时,会建立一个新org.powermock.core.classloader.MockClassLoader实例,而后加载该测试用例使用到的类(系统类除外)。• PowerMock会根据你的mock要求,去修改写在注解@PrepareForTest里的class文件(当前测试类会自动加入注解中),以知足特殊的mock需求。例如:去除final方法的final标识,在静态方法的最前面加入本身的虚拟实现等。• 若是须要mock的是系统类的final方法和静态方法,PowerMock不会直接修改系统类的class文件,而是修改调用系统类的class文件,以知足mock需求

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