Core Animation

【原】iOSCoreAnimation动画系列教程(一):CABasicAnimation【包会】

 

在iOS中,图形可分为如下几个层次:html

越上层,封装程度越高,动画实现越简洁越简单,可是自由度越低;反之亦然。本文着重介绍Core Animation层的基本动画实现方案。编程

在iOS中,展现动画能够类比于显示生活中的“拍电影”。拍电影有三大要素:演员+剧本+开拍,概念类好比下:post

演员--->CALayer,规定电影的主角是谁
剧本--->CAAnimation,规定电影该怎么演,怎么走,怎么变换
开拍--->AddAnimation,开始执行

1、概念介绍动画

1.1CALayer是什么呢?url

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CALayer是个与UIView很相似的概念,一样有layer,sublayer...,一样有backgroundColor、frame等类似的属性,咱们能够将UIView看作一种特殊的CALayer,只不过UIView能够响应事件而已。通常来讲,layer能够有两种用途,两者不互相冲突:一是对view相关属性的设置,包括圆角、阴影、边框等参数,更详细的参数请点击这里;二是实现对view的动画操控。所以对一个view进行core animation动画,本质上是对该view的.layer进行动画操纵。
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1.2CAAnimation是什么呢?spa

CAAnimation可分为四种:code

  • 1.CABasicAnimation
  • 经过设定起始点,终点,时间,动画会沿着你这设定点进行移动。能够看作特殊的CAKeyFrameAnimation
  • 2.CAKeyframeAnimation
  • Keyframe顾名思义就是关键点的frame,你能够经过设定CALayer的始点、中间关键点、终点的frame,时间,动画会沿你设定的轨迹进行移动
  • 3.CAAnimationGroup
  • Group也就是组合的意思,就是把对这个Layer的全部动画都组合起来。PS:一个layer设定了不少动画,他们都会同时执行,如何按顺序执行我到时候再讲。
  • 4.CATransition
  • 这个就是苹果帮开发者封装好的一些动画

2、动手干活orm

实践出真知,看个例子就知道:htm

好比咱们想实现一个相似心跳的缩放动画能够这么作,分为演员初始化、设定剧本、电影开拍三个步骤:对象

 
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- ( void )initScaleLayer
{
     //演员初始化
     CALayer *scaleLayer = [[CALayer alloc] init];
     scaleLayer.backgroundColor = [UIColor blueColor].CGColor;
     scaleLayer.frame = CGRectMake(60, 20 + kYOffset, 50, 50);
     scaleLayer.cornerRadius = 10;
     [ self .view.layer addSublayer:scaleLayer];
     [scaleLayer release];
     
     //设定剧本
     CABasicAnimation *scaleAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@ "transform.scale" ];
     scaleAnimation.fromValue = [ NSNumber  numberWithFloat:1.0];
     scaleAnimation.toValue = [ NSNumber  numberWithFloat:1.5];
     scaleAnimation.autoreverses =  YES ;
     scaleAnimation.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards;
     scaleAnimation.repeatCount = MAXFLOAT;
     scaleAnimation.duration = 0.8;
     
     //开演
     [scaleLayer addAnimation:scaleAnimation forKey:@ "scaleAnimation" ];
}

 

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- ( void )viewDidLoad {
     [ super  viewDidLoad];
     // Do any additional setup after loading the view from its nib.
     [ self  initScaleLayer];
}

  

效果请参考附图中的绿色方块(我不懂在mac下怎么录制gif图,先借用kk的图)。其余效果能够依葫芦画瓢轻松实现。想要实现不一样的效果,最关键的地方在于CABasicAnimation对象的初始化方式中keyPath的设定。在iOS中有如下几种不一样的keyPath,表明着不一样的效果:

此外,咱们还能够利用GroupAnimation实现多种动画的组合,在GroupAnimation中的各个动画类型是同时进行的。

- ( void )initGroupLayer
{
     //演员初始化
     CALayer *groupLayer = [[CALayer alloc] init];
     groupLayer.frame = CGRectMake(60, 340+100 + kYOffset, 50, 50);
     groupLayer.cornerRadius = 10;
     groupLayer.backgroundColor = [[UIColor purpleColor] CGColor];
     [ self .view.layer addSublayer:groupLayer];
     [groupLayer release];
   
     //设定剧本
     CABasicAnimation *scaleAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@ "transform.scale" ];
     scaleAnimation.fromValue = [ NSNumber  numberWithFloat:1.0];
     scaleAnimation.toValue = [ NSNumber  numberWithFloat:1.5];
     scaleAnimation.autoreverses = YES ;
     scaleAnimation.repeatCount = MAXFLOAT;
     scaleAnimation.duration = 0.8;
     
     CABasicAnimation *moveAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@ "position" ];
     moveAnimation.fromValue = [ NSValue  valueWithCGPoint:groupLayer.position];
     moveAnimation.toValue = [ NSValue  valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(320 - 80,
                                                                   groupLayer.position.y)];
     moveAnimation.autoreverses = YES ;
     moveAnimation.repeatCount = MAXFLOAT;
     moveAnimation.duration = 2;
     
     CABasicAnimation *rotateAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@ "transform.rotation.x" ];
     rotateAnimation.fromValue = [ NSNumber  numberWithFloat:0.0];
     rotateAnimation.toValue = [ NSNumber  numberWithFloat:6.0 * M_PI];
     rotateAnimation.autoreverses = YES ;
     rotateAnimation.repeatCount = MAXFLOAT;
     rotateAnimation.duration = 2;
     
     CAAnimationGroup *groupAnnimation = [CAAnimationGroup animation];
     groupAnnimation.duration = 2;
     groupAnnimation.autoreverses = YES ;
     groupAnnimation.animations = @[moveAnimation, scaleAnimation, rotateAnimation];
     groupAnnimation.repeatCount = MAXFLOAT;
     //开演
     [groupLayer addAnimation:groupAnnimation forKey:@ "groupAnnimation" ];
}

  

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- ( void )viewDidLoad {
     [super viewDidLoad];
     // Do any additional setup after loading the view from its nib.
     [self initGroupLayer];

 完整的demo工程点CAAnimationDemo.zip下载 

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