项目html |
内容java |
这个做业属于哪一个课程编程 |
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这个做业的要求在哪里ide |
https://www.cnblogs.com/nwnu-daizh/p/11654436.html函数 |
做业学习目标学习 |
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实验内容和步骤测试
实验1: 在“System.out.println(...);”语句处按注释要求设计代码替换...,观察代码录入中IDE提示,以验证四种权限修饰符的用法。ui
package Demo; class Parent { private String p1 = "这是Parent的私有属性"; public String p2 = "这是Parent的公有属性"; protected String p3 = "这是Parent受保护的属性"; String p4 = "这是Parent的默认属性"; private void pMethod1() { System.out.println("我是Parent用private修饰符修饰的方法"); } public void pMethod2() { System.out.println("我是Parent用public修饰符修饰的方法"); } protected void pMethod3() { System.out.println("我是Parent用protected修饰符修饰的方法"); } void pMethod4() { System.out.println("我是Parent无修饰符修饰的方法"); } } class Son extends Parent{ private String s1 = "这是Son的私有属性"; public String s2 = "这是Son的公有属性"; protected String s3 = "这是Son受保护的属性"; String s4 = "这是Son的默认属性"; public void sMethod1() { System.out.println();//分别尝试显示Parent类的p一、p二、p三、p4值 System.out.println("我是Son用public修饰符修饰的方法"); } private void sMethod2() { System.out.println("我是Son用private修饰符修饰的方法"); } protected void sMethod() { System.out.println("我是Son用protected修饰符修饰的方法"); } void sMethod4() { System.out.println("我是Son无修饰符修饰的方法"); } } public class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) { Parent parent=new Parent(); Son son=new Son(); System.out.println(); //分别尝试用parent调用Paren类的方法、用son调用Son类的方法 } }
运行结果:this
父类与子类在同一个包内,子类能够直接访问父类public、proteced与默认访问特性的成员,不能直接访问private成员:
子类与父类不在同一个包内,子类继承父类public成员变量做为子类的成员变量以及方法:
实验2:导入第5章如下示例程序,测试并进行代码注释。
测试程序1:
运行教材程序5-8、5-9、5-10,结合程序运行结果理解程序(教材174页-177页);
删除程序中Employee类、Manager类中的equals()、hasCode()、toString()方法,背录删除方法,在代码录入中理解类中重写Object父类方法的技术要点。
5-8源代码:
package equals; /** * This program demonstrates the equals method. * @version 1.12 2012-01-26 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class EqualsTest //此程序实现了Employee类和Manager类的equals,hashCode,toString方法 { public static void main(String[] args) //定义方法 { var alice1 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15); var alice2 = alice1; var alice3 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15); var bob = new Employee("Bob Brandson", 50000, 1989, 10, 1); System.out.println("alice1 == alice2: " + (alice1 == alice2)); System.out.println("alice1 == alice3: " + (alice1 == alice3)); System.out.println("alice1.equals(alice3): " + alice1.equals(alice3)); System.out.println("alice1.equals(bob): " + alice1.equals(bob)); System.out.println("bob.toString(): " + bob); var carl = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15); var boss = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15); boss.setBonus(5000); System.out.println("boss.toString(): " + boss); //返回 System.out.println("carl.equals(boss): " + carl.equals(boss)); System.out.println("alice1.hashCode(): " + alice1.hashCode()); System.out.println("alice3.hashCode(): " + alice3.hashCode()); System.out.println("bob.hashCode(): " + bob.hashCode()); System.out.println("carl.hashCode(): " + carl.hashCode()); } }
5-9源代码:
package equals; import java.time.*; import java.util.Objects; public class Employee { private String name; private double salary; private LocalDate hireDay; //构造方法 public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day) { this.name = name; this.salary = salary; //this调用 hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day); } public String getName() // getName方法 { return name; } public double getSalary() //getSalary方法 { return salary; } public LocalDate getHireDay() //getHireDay方法 { return hireDay; } public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) //raiseSalary方法 { double raise = salary * byPercent / 100; salary += raise; } public boolean equals(Object otherObject) { // a quick test to see if the objects are identical if (this == otherObject) return true; //检测this与otherObject是否引用同一个对象 // must return false if the explicit parameter is null if (otherObject == null) return false; //检测otherObject是否为null,若是为null,返回false // if the classes don't match, they can't be equal if (getClass() != otherObject.getClass()) return false; //比较this与otherObject是否属于同一个类 // now we know otherObject is a non-null Employee var other = (Employee) otherObject; //强制类型转换 // test whether the fields have identical values (测试字段是否具备相同的值) return Objects.equals(name, other.name) && salary == other.salary && Objects.equals(hireDay, other.hireDay); } public int hashCode() //hashCode方法 { return Objects.hash(name, salary, hireDay); } public String toString() //调用超类的toString方法 { return getClass().getName() + "[name=" + name + ",salary=" + salary + ",hireDay=" + hireDay + "]"; } }
5-10源代码:
package equals; //定义Manager方法 public class Manager extends Employee { private double bonus; public Manager(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day) //提供一个子类构造器 { super(name, salary, year, month, day); bonus = 0; } public double getSalary() //getSalary方法 { double baseSalary = super.getSalary(); return baseSalary + bonus; } public void setBonus(double bonus) //使用setBonus方法 { this.bonus = bonus; } public boolean equals(Object otherObject) //equals方法比较两个对象是否相同 { if (!super.equals(otherObject)) return false; var other = (Manager) otherObject; //强制类型转换 // super.equals checked that this and other belong to the same class (检查这个和其余都同属于一个类) return bonus == other.bonus; } public int hashCode() //hashCode方法,返回对象的散列码 { return java.util.Objects.hash(super.hashCode(), bonus); } public String toString() //Manager类中的toString方法,返回描述该对象的字符串 { return super.toString() + "[bonus=" + bonus + "]"; } }
程序运行结果:
测试程序2:
在elipse IDE中调试运行程序5-11(教材182页),结合程序运行结果理解程序;
掌握ArrayList类的定义及用法;
在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释;
设计适当的代码,测试ArrayList类的set()、get()、remove()、size()等方法的用法。
5-11源代码:
package arrayList; import java.util.*; /** * This program demonstrates the ArrayList class. * @version 1.11 2012-01-26 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class ArrayListTest { public static void main(String[] args) { // fill the staff array list with three Employee objects var staff = new ArrayList<Employee>(); //将Employee[]数组替换成ArrayList<Employee> //使用add方法将雇员对象添加到数组列表中 staff.add(new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15)); staff.add(new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1)); staff.add(new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15)); // raise everyone's salary by 5% (把每一个人的工资提升5%) for (Employee e : staff) e.raiseSalary(5); // print out information about all Employee objects (打印有关全部员工对象的信息) for (Employee e : staff) System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay=" + e.getHireDay()); }//循环数组 }
运行结果:
设计适当的代码,测试ArrayList类的set()、get()、remove()、size()等方法的用法:
package project5; import java.util.ArrayList; import arrayList.Employee; public class myArrayList { public static void main(String[] args) { var staff = new ArrayList<Employee>(); staff.add(new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15)); staff.add(new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1)); staff.add(new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15)); //size() int c = staff.size(); System.out.println("ArrayList中存储的元素个数为:"+c); for(int i = 0; i<staff.size();i++) { //get() Employee e = staff.get(i); System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay=" + e.getHireDay()); } //set() staff.set(0, new Employee("LAKD",80000,1988,11,23)); Employee e = staff.get(0); System.out.println("修改后为:name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay=" + e.getHireDay()); //remove() staff.remove(1); System.out.println("Now, Size of list::"+staff.size()); int size1=staff.size(); System.out.println("ArrayList中存储的元素个数为:"+size1); for(int i=0; i<staff.size(); i++) { Employee q = staff.get(i); System.out.println("name=" + q.getName() + ",salary=" + q.getSalary() + ",hireDay=" + q.getHireDay()); } for (Employee e1 : staff) e1.raiseSalary(5); for (Employee e1 : staff) System.out.println("name=" + e1.getName() + ",salary=" + e1.getSalary() + ",hireDay=" + e1.getHireDay()); } }
运行结果:
测试程序3:
编辑、编译、调试运行程序5-12(教材189页),结合运行结果理解程序;
掌握枚举类的定义及用法;
在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释;
删除程序中Size枚举类,背录删除代码,在代码录入中掌握枚举类的定义要求。
5-12源代码:
package enums; import java.util.*; /** * This program demonstrates enumerated types. * @version 1.0 2004-05-24 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class EnumTest { public static void main(String[] args) { var in = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print("Enter a size: (SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE, EXTRA_LARGE) "); String input = in.next().toUpperCase(); //输入;字符串转换为大写 Size size = Enum.valueOf(Size.class, input); //使用静态方法valueOf //Size.class是反射,取得Size类 //调用构造函数,并赋值返回枚举数组的值:Size.SMALL;Size.MEDIUM;Size.LARGE;Size.EXTRA_LARGE System.out.println("size=" + size); System.out.println("abbreviation=" + size.getAbbreviation()); //缩写 if (size == Size.EXTRA_LARGE) System.out.println("Good job--you paid attention to the _."); in.close(); } } //定义枚举类型 使用关键字enum enum Size { SMALL("S"), MEDIUM("M"), LARGE("L"), EXTRA_LARGE("XL"); private Size(String abbreviation) { this.abbreviation = abbreviation; } //提供有参构造函数 public String getAbbreviation() { return abbreviation; } //得到属性值 private String abbreviation; //定义属性 }
运行结果:
测试程序4:录入如下代码,结合程序运行结果了解方法的可变参数用法
代码:
package project5; public class TestVarArgus { public static void dealArray(int... intArray){ for (int i : intArray) System.out.print(i +" "); System.out.println(); } public static void main(String args[]){ dealArray(); dealArray(1); dealArray(1, 2, 3); } }
运行结果:
实验:3:编程练习:参照输出样例补全程序,使程序输出结果与输出样例一致。
补全后的代码:
package project5; public class demo { public static void main(String[] args) { Son son = new Son(); son.method(); } } class Parent{ Parent() { //父类的无参数构造器 System.out.println("Parent's Constructor without parameter"); } Parent(boolean b) { //带有布尔参数的父类构造器 System.out.println("Parent's Constructor with a boolean parameter"); } public void method() { //父类的方法 System.out.println("Parent's method()"); } } class Son extends Parent { //补全本类定义 Son(){ super(true); //调用父类 System.out.println("Son's Constructor without parameter"); } public void method() { System.out.println("Son's method()"); super.method(); //调用父类method方法 } }
运行结果:
3. 实验总结:
这次实验:
一、调试了private protected public 默认四种修饰符的使用特色,子类拥有父类的全部属性和方法,但父类的私有属性和方法,子类是没法直接访问到的。即只是拥有,可是没法使用。二、Object类即全部类的父类,它描述的全部方法子类均可以使用。若是一个类没有特别指定父类,那么默认继承自Object类。实验中学习了经常使用的API,public String toString():返回该对象的字符串表示。public boolean equals(Object obj):指示其余某个对象是否与此对象“相等”。三、学习了ArrayList类的定义方法及用途,经过add方法添加元素,int size()返回元素个数…(不太懂得这部分)四、使用enum关键字来定义枚举类,枚举的构造方法是私有的,因此不能够new对象,有对象要在它的内部实例化,如enum Size{ SMALL("S"), MEDIUM("M"), LARGE("L"), EXTRA_LARGE("XL");} new Size时传参数为SMALL("S")。可变参数用法……