在Windows上安装Docker

Docker在Windows下的安装

1. 下载Docker for Windows

   稳定版

2. 准备安装Docker for Windows
   安装前请保障 Windows10 版本大于或等于 1703，os版本大于或等于 15063
   我在版本1607下安装就会有找不到引用汇编文件的错误
   必须启用Hyper-V软件包才能使Docker for Windows工做。若是您的系统不知足这些要求，您能够安装Docker Toolbox，它使用Oracle Virtual Box而不是Hyper-V。
   在 Windows 10 上安装 Hyper-V 网址

3. 安装Docker for Windows
   双击InstallDocker.msi以运行安装程序。

4. 检查Docker
   打开PowerShell，输入如下代码

   PS C:\Users\Docker> docker --version
   Docker version 17.03.0-ce, build 60ccb22
   
   PS C:\Users\Docker> docker-compose --version
   docker-compose version 1.11.2, build dfed245
   
   PS C:\Users\Docker> docker-machine --version
   docker-machine version 0.10.0, build 76ed2a6

   运行docker run hello-world来测试从Docker Hub拉一个镜像并启动一个容器。

   PS C:\Users\jdoe> docker run hello-world

   Hello from Docker. This message shows that your installation appears
   to be working correctly.

   To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:

   1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.

   2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.

   3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the executable that produces the output you are currently
      reading.

   4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it to your terminal.

   尝试更有野心的东西，并使用此命令运行Ubuntu容器。
   这将下载ubuntu容器镜像并启动它。如下是在powerhell中运行此命令的输出。

   PS C:Usersjdoe> docker run -it ubuntu bash

   Unable to find image 'ubuntu:latest' locally latest: Pulling from
   library/ubuntu 5a132a7e7af1: Pull complete fd2731e4c50c: Pull complete
   28a2f68d1120: Pull complete a3ed95caeb02: Pull complete Digest:
   sha256:4e85ebe01d056b43955250bbac22bdb8734271122e3c78d21e55ee235fc6802d
   Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:latest

   使用docker开启nginx服务器

   PS C:\Users\jdoe> docker run -d -p 80:80 --name webserver nginx

   Unable to find image 'nginx:latest' locally latest: Pulling from
   library/nginx

   fdd5d7827f33: Pull complete a3ed95caeb02: Pull complete 716f7a5f3082:
   Pull complete 7b10f03a0309: Pull complete Digest:
   sha256:f6a001272d5d324c4c9f3f183e1b69e9e0ff12debeb7a092730d638c33e0de3e
   Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
   dfe13c68b3b86f01951af617df02be4897184cbf7a8b4d5caf1c3c5bd3fc267f

   访问http://localhost/以显示nginx起始页。

   使用 docker ps 命令查看容器列表
   使用 docker images 命令查看镜像列表

5. 加速器

   在系统右下角托盘图标内右键菜单选择 Settings，打开配置窗口后左侧导航菜单选择 Docker Daemon。编辑窗口内的JSON串，填写如阿里云、DaoCloud之类的加速器地址，如：

   {
        "registry-mirrors": [
          "https://sr5arhkn.mirror.aliyuncs.com",
          "http://14d216f4.m.daocloud.io"
        ],
        "insecure-registries": []
      }

   参考资料：
   Docker — 从入门到实践
   docker官网