PHP Laravel-Homestead开发环境安装与配置

Laravel Homestead 是一个官方预载的 Vagrant「封装包」，提供你一个美好的开发环境，不须要在你的本机端安装 PHP、HHVM、网页服务器或任何服务器软件。 Homestead 能够在任何 Windows、Mac 或 Linux 上面运行， 里面包含了 Nginx 网页服务器、PHP 5.六、MySQL、Postgres、Redis、Memcached等软件， 还有全部你要开发精彩的 Laravel 应用程序所需的软件。

本机系统环境:

$ uname -mnprs
Darwin YONG-TEST.local 15.6.0 x86_64 i386

$ sw_vers
ProductName:  Mac OS X
ProductVersion: 10.11.6
BuildVersion: 15G31

不使用用Homestead，直接在本机安装:

使用homebrew安装PHP7:

$ brew update
$ brew search php70
homebrew/php/php70               
homebrew/php/php70-gmagick       
homebrew/php/php70-maxminddb     
homebrew/php/php70-pdo-pgsql     
homebrew/php/php70-stats       
homebrew/php/php70-amqp

$ brew install homebrew/php/php70

配置php-fpm端口为9002， 由于本机已经安装了php5.4, 占用了9001端口。

配置Nginx配置文件：

重启Nginx服务器。

接下来，咱们主要看怎么使用Homestead安装Laravel开发环境？

安装Homestead Vagrant Box:

下载 Homestead:

$ git clone https://github.com/laravel/homestead.git Homestead
$ cd Homestead/
$ ls
CHANGELOG.md Vagrantfile composer.lock init.bat readme.md /src
LICENSE.txt composer.json homestead init.sh /scripts
$ bash init.sh

下载 Homestead Vagrant Box：

$ vagrant box add laravel/homestead

执行示例:

//下载安装laravel/homestead： 
$ vagrant box add laravel/homestead --force
==> box: Loading metadata for box 'laravel/homestead'
box: URL: https://atlas.hashicorp.com/laravel/homestead
==> box: Adding box 'laravel/homestead' (v0.5.0) for provider: virtualbox
box: Downloading: https://atlas.hashicorp.com/laravel/boxes/homestead/versions/0.5.0/providers/virtualbox.box
box: Progress: 5% (Rate: 572k/s, Estimated time remaining: 0:33:13)
...
//下载成功后显示以下:
==> box: Successfully added box 'laravel/homestead' (v0.5.0) for 'virtualbox'!

启动虚拟机

$ vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
There are errors in the configuration of this machine. Please fix the following errors and try again:
vm: * The host path of the shared folder is missing: ~/Code
//报错：没有“~/Code”目录，那咱们就建立一个:
$ mkdir ~/Code
$ vagrant up

打开VirtualBox中，能够看到有一个名为"homestead-7"的虚拟机正在运行(状态为:Running)。

配置Hosts文件:

$ sudo vi /etc/hosts
//增长一条记录:  
192.168.10.10  homestead.app

Make sure the IP address listed is the one set in your ~/.homestead/Homestead.yaml file.

使用laravel建立一个站点:

$ cd ~/Code $ composer require laravel/homestead --dev

配置文件“Homestead.yaml”里包含一个示例站点配置. 注意默认的站点是"/home/vagrant/Code/Laravel/public", 因此咱们如今建立在~/Code下面建立一个名为"Laravel"。

$ laravel new Laravel -bash: laravel: command not found

$ ~/.composer/vendor/bin/laravel new Laravel

/home/vagrant/Code/Laravel/public

打开浏览器，输入"http://homestead.app/", 便可正常访问。

配置 Homestead

配置文件路径是: ~/.homestead/Homestead.yaml

配置文件内容以下:

ip: "192.168.10.10"
memory: 2048
cpus: 1
provider: virtualbox
authorize: ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
keys:
    - ~/.ssh/id_rsa
folders:
    - map: ~/Code
      to: /home/vagrant/Code
sites:
    - map: homestead.app
      to: /home/vagrant/Code/Laravel/public
databases:
    - homestead

配置示例: 新增一个网站"kaixin123.app":

(1) 新增网站目录"kaixin123net": 在Code目录中新增一个kaixin123net目录，做为新增网站的根目录: 建立一个index.html文件，随便写写内容，好比"hello,kaixin123.app": 路径以下: ~/Code/kaixin123net/index.html

(2) 增长sites：

$ vim ~/.homestead/Homestead.yaml

//在sites中新增一条map记录,修改后配置以下: 
//配置中的xunij  “/home/vagrant/Code/kaixin123net” 对应咱们本地的 "~/Code/kaixin123net"
sites:
    ### 默认
    - map: homestead.app
      to: /home/vagrant/Code/Laravel/public
    ### 新增长一个网站，域名为kaixin123.app
    - map: kaixin123.app
      to: /home/vagrant/Code/kaixin123net

(3) 新增一条host记录:

$ sudo vim /etc/hosts

//新增一条host记录，IP是Homestead.yaml中“ip”，修改后以下：
... (略) ...
192.168.10.10 homestead.app
192.168.10.10 kaixin123.app

(4) 重启vagrant虚拟机:
$ cd ~/Homestead/
$ vagrant reload --provision

(5) 打开浏览器，输入"http://kaixin123.app/", 能够正常访问。

登陆虚拟机:

$ cd ~/Homestead/

$ vagrant ssh

/进入~/Homestead/目录
YONGTEST:~ WangTom$ cd ~/Homestead/
YONGTEST:Homestead WangTom$ 

//登陆虚拟机
YONGTEST:Homestead WangTom$ vagrant ssh
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-22-generic x86_64)
* Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com/
   Last login: Fri Sep 23 06:42:33 2016 from 10.0.2.2

//有Code文件夹，这个/home/vagrant/Code与本机的~/Code目录会保持同步
vagrant@homestead:~$ ls
Code

//退出虚拟机
vagrant@homestead:~$ exit
logout
Connection to 127.0.0.1 closed.

链接Homestead数据库:

To connect to your MySQL or Postgres database from your host machine via Navicat or Sequel Pro: Connect to 127.0.0.1 and port 33060 (MySQL) or 54320 (Postgres). The username and password for both databases is homestead / secret.

地址: 192.168.10.10
端口: 3306

用户名: homestead

密码: secret

登陆虚拟机数据库:

vagrant@homestead:~$ mysql -h192.168.10.10 -uhomestead -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 51
Server version: 5.7.13-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 (Ubuntu)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| homestead          |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>

扩展阅读

(1) brew

brew(即Homebrew), 是macOS上的软件包管理工具, 能在Mac中方便的安装软件或者卸载软件,相似ubuntu系统下的apt-get的功能. Homebrew- The missing package manager for OS X http://brew.sh/

(2) Vagrant

Vagrant是一个基于Ruby的工具，用于建立和部署虚拟化开发环境。它使用Oracle的开源VirtualBox虚拟化系统，使用Chef建立自动化虚拟环境。 https://www.vagrantup.com/

(3) Laravel

Laravel是一套简洁、优雅的PHP Web开发框架(PHP Web Framework)。 https://laravel.com/

参考资料

https://laravel.com/docs/5.3/homestead
http://laravelacademy.org/post/2749.html
http://laravel-china.org/docs/5.1/homestead
https://www.vagrantup.com/docs/getting-started/

更新记录

1. 20160825 新增此文档 (wangyt)
2. 20160829 更新文档，改为Homestead安装与配置 (wangyt)
3. 20160922 更新文档，新增配置多站点 (wangyt)

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