web自动化框架抽取示例【Java+selenium】

web自动化测试框架抽取示例

例子：测试登陆模块，对登陆的帐号和密码进行不一样的case校验。

1.1.1 无优化代码login_1

package com.lee.auto.testFrome; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;   public class login_1 {        public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {               System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "src/chromedriver.exe");               ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();               driver.get("测试url");               driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"username\"]")).sendKeys("15920000001");               driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"password\"]")).sendKeys("11111111");        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/form/section[3]/span/input")).click();               Thread.sleep(5000);               driver.close();                             System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "src/chromedriver.exe");               ChromeDriver driver1 = new ChromeDriver();               driver1.get("测试url");            driver1.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"username\"]")).sendKeys("15920000001");               driver1.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"password\"]")).sendKeys("1111");        driver1.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/form/section[3]/span/input")).click();               Thread.sleep(5000);               driver1.close();                             System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "src/chromedriver.exe");               ChromeDriver driver2 = new ChromeDriver();               driver2.get("测试url");               driver2.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"username\"]")).sendKeys("15720000001");               driver2.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"password\"]")).sendKeys("11111111");        driver2.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/form/section[3]/span/input")).click();               Thread.sleep(5000);               driver2.close();        } }

1.1.2 初步抽取login_2

以上代码实现帐号、密码的三种验证，下面首先对这三种验证进行方法的抽取，代码以下：

package com.lee.auto.testFrome; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;   public class login_2 {        public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException  {               case_1();               case_2();               case_3();        }        private static void case_1() throws InterruptedException {               System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "src/chromedriver.exe");               ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();               driver.get("测试url");               driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"username\"]")).sendKeys("15920000001");;               driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"password\"]")).sendKeys("11111111");;   driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/form/section[3]/span/input")).click();               Thread.sleep(5000);               driver.close();        }        private static void case_2() throws InterruptedException {               System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "src/chromedriver.exe");               ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();               driver.get("测试url");               driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"username\"]")).sendKeys("15920000001");;               driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"password\"]")).sendKeys("1111");;        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/form/section[3]/span/input")).click();               Thread.sleep(5000);               driver.close();        }        private static void case_3() throws InterruptedException {               System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "src/chromedriver.exe");               ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();               driver.get("测试url");               driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"username\"]")).sendKeys("15720000001");;               driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"password\"]")).sendKeys("11111111");;        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/form/section[3]/span/input")).click();               Thread.sleep(5000);               driver.close();        } }

方法抽取方式以下：

在main函数中选取须要抽取方法的代码，右键选择refactor-extract method便可进行抽取。

 

1.1.3 工具类封装login_3

对生成的chrome驱动进行工具类的封装。

package com.lee.auto.testFrome; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class exploreTool {        //方法的抽取        public static ChromeDriver getChromeDriver() {               System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "src/chromedriver.exe");               ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();               return driver;        } }

 

package com.lee.auto.testFrome; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;   public class login_3 {        public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException  {               case_1();               case_2();               case_3();        }        private static void case_1() throws InterruptedException {               ChromeDriver driver = exploreTool.getChromeDriver();               driver.get("测试url");               driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"username\"]")).sendKeys("15920000001");;               driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"password\"]")).sendKeys("11111111");;        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/form/section[3]/span/input")).click();               Thread.sleep(5000);               driver.close();        }        private static void case_2() throws InterruptedException {               ChromeDriver driver1 = exploreTool.getChromeDriver();               driver1.get("测试url");               driver1.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"username\"]")).sendKeys("15920000001");               driver1.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"password\"]")).sendKeys("1111");        driver1.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/form/section[3]/span/input")).click();               Thread.sleep(5000);               driver1.close();        }        private static void case_3() throws InterruptedException {               ChromeDriver driver2 = exploreTool.getChromeDriver();               driver2.get("测试url");               driver2.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"username\"]")).sendKeys("15720000001");               driver2.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"password\"]")).sendKeys("11111111");        driver2.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/form/section[3]/span/input")).click();               Thread.sleep(5000);               driver2.close();        } }

 

下面代码为三个浏览器进行登陆实现。

package com.lee.auto.testFrome;   import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriverService; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;   public class exploreTool {        // 方法的抽取        public static ChromeDriver getChromeDriver() {               System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "src/chromedriver.exe");               ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();               return driver;        }          public static FirefoxDriver getFirefoxDriver() {               System.setProperty("webdriver.firefox.bin", "D:\\Program\\firefox47.0.2\\bin\\firefox.exe");               FirefoxDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();               return driver;        }          public static InternetExplorerDriver getIEDriver() {               System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.driver", "src/IEDriverServer32.exe");               InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();               return driver;        } }

 

package com.lee.auto.testFrome; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;   public class login_4 {          public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {               case_1();               case_2();               case_3();        }          private static void case_1() throws InterruptedException {               ChromeDriver driver = exploreTool.getChromeDriver();               driver.get("测试url");               driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys("15920000001");               driver.findElement(By.id("password")).sendKeys("11111111");               driver.findElement(By.name("submit")).click();               Thread.sleep(5000);               driver.close();        }          private static void case_2() throws InterruptedException {               FirefoxDriver driver = exploreTool.getFirefoxDriver();               driver.get("测试url");               driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys("15920000001");               driver.findElement(By.id("password")).sendKeys("11111111");               driver.findElement(By.name("submit")).click();               Thread.sleep(5000);               driver.close();        }          private static void case_3() throws InterruptedException {               InternetExplorerDriver driver = exploreTool.getIEDriver();               driver.get("测试url");               driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys("15920000001");               driver.findElement(By.id("password")).sendKeys("11111111");               // 直接使用click点击无效，采用keys.enter方式进行登陆               driver.findElement(By.name("submit")).sendKeys(Keys.ENTER);               Thread.sleep(5000);               driver.close();        } }

IE报错1：

Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchWindowException: Unable to find element on closed window (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information)

解决方法：须要把IE安全设置的四个区域的保护模式设置一致。

IE问题2：

页面能够找到登陆元素，可是click无效。

解决方法：采用keys.enter方式进行登陆。

IE问题3：

找到帐号、密码文本框后输入值特别慢。

解决方法：将IEDriverServer由64位的换为32位的。

1.1.4 多态的使用login_5

对于多个浏览器的驱动生成，能够借助webdriver接口进行多态实现。

经过传入的参数值来判断所需的浏览器类型。

package com.lee.auto.login;   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;   public class exploreTool_1 {               public static WebDriver getexploreDriver(String exploreType) {                             WebDriver driver = null;               //判断为chrome               if (exploreType.equals("chrome")) {                      System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "src/chromedriver.exe");                      driver = new ChromeDriver();               }               //判断为Firefox               else if (exploreType.equals("firefox")) {                      System.setProperty("webdriver.firefox.bin", "D:\\Program\\firefox47.0.2\\bin\\firefox.exe");                      driver = new FirefoxDriver();               }               //判断为IE               else if (exploreType.equals("ie")) {                      System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.driver", "src/IEDriverServer32.exe");                      driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();               }               return driver;    } }

 

package com.lee.auto.login;   import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;   public class login_5 {          public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {               case_1();               case_2();               case_3();        }          private static void case_1() throws InterruptedException {               WebDriver driver = exploreTool_1.getexploreDriver("chrome");               driver.get("测试url");               driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys("15920000001");               driver.findElement(By.id("password")).sendKeys("11111111");               driver.findElement(By.name("submit")).click();               Thread.sleep(5000);               driver.close();        }          private static void case_2() throws InterruptedException {               WebDriver driver = exploreTool_1.getexploreDriver("firefox");               driver.get("测试url");               driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys("15920000001");               driver.findElement(By.id("password")).sendKeys("11111111");               driver.findElement(By.name("submit")).click();               Thread.sleep(5000);               driver.close();        }          private static void case_3() throws InterruptedException {               WebDriver driver = exploreTool_1.getexploreDriver("ie");               driver.get("测试url");               driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys("15920000001");               driver.findElement(By.id("password")).sendKeys("11111111");               // 直接使用click点击无效，采用keys.enter方式进行登陆               driver.findElement(By.name("submit")).sendKeys(Keys.ENTER);               Thread.sleep(5000);               driver.close();        } }

1.1.5 配置文件的使用login_6

若多条用例都须要经过exploreTool_1.getexploreDriver方法来获取浏览器驱动，一旦须要切换浏览器，就须要大量修改代码来完成。为了不此问题，将变更数据采用配置文件方式传入，实现数据和代码的分离。

1.1.5.1新建配置文件

新建配置文件，自定义参数值。

参数值定义格式：

key = value

 

1.1.5.2读取参数

步骤以下：

• 建立属性对象
• 加载配置文件
• 获取文件中属性值

auto.browserType = ie

 

package com.lee.auto.login; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Properties; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;   public class exploreTool_2 {               public static WebDriver getexploreDriver() {               //读取配置文件               //建立属性对象               Properties properties = new Properties();               //对加载的文件抛出找不到文件时的异常               try {                      //经过属性对象加载文件                      properties.load(new FileInputStream("src/config.properties"));               } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {                      e.printStackTrace();               } catch (IOException e) {                      e.printStackTrace();               }               //获取配置文件中的属性值               String exploreType = properties.getProperty("auto.browserType");                             WebDriver driver = null;               //判断为chrome               if (exploreType.equals("chrome")) {                      System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "src/chromedriver.exe");                      driver = new ChromeDriver();               }               //判断为Firefox               else if (exploreType.equals("firefox")) {                      System.setProperty("webdriver.firefox.bin", "D:\\Program\\firefox47.0.2\\bin\\firefox.exe");                      driver = new FirefoxDriver();               }               //判断为IE               else if (exploreType.equals("ie")) {                      System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.driver", "src/IEDriverServer32.exe");                      driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();               }               return driver;    } }

 

package com.lee.auto.login; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;   public class login_6 {          public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{               case_1();               case_2();               case_3();        }          private static void case_1() throws InterruptedException{               WebDriver driver = exploreTool_2.getexploreDriver();               driver.get("测试url");               driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys("15920000001");               driver.findElement(By.id("password")).sendKeys("11111111");               driver.findElement(By.name("submit")).sendKeys(Keys.ENTER);               Thread.sleep(5000);               driver.close();        }          private static void case_2() throws InterruptedException{               WebDriver driver = exploreTool_2.getexploreDriver();               driver.get("测试url");               driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys("15920000001");               driver.findElement(By.id("password")).sendKeys("1111");               driver.findElement(By.name("submit")).sendKeys(Keys.ENTER);               Thread.sleep(5000);               driver.close();        }          private static void case_3() throws InterruptedException{               WebDriver driver = exploreTool_2.getexploreDriver();               driver.get("测试url");               driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys("");               driver.findElement(By.id("password")).sendKeys("11111111");               // 直接使用click点击无效，采用keys.enter方式进行登陆               driver.findElement(By.name("submit")).sendKeys(Keys.ENTER);               Thread.sleep(5000);               driver.close();        } }