MyBatis是一款支持普通SQL查询、存储过程和高级映射的持久层框架。MyBatis消除了几乎全部的JDBC代码、参数的设置和结果集的检索。MyBatis可使用简单的XML或注解用于参数配置和原始映射,将接口和Java POJO(普通Java对象)映射成数据库中的记录。html
Mybatis能够把Mapper.xml文件直接映射到对应的接口,调用接口方法会自动去Mapper.xml文件中找到对应的标签,这个功能就是利用java的动态代理在binding包中实现的。java
如下面的配置文件为例:sql
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.xrq.StudentMapper">
<select id="selectStudentById" parameterType="int" resultType="Student">
<![CDATA[
select * from student where studentId = #{id}
]]>
</select>
</mapper>数据库
使用<![CDATA[ ... ]]>,能够保证不管如何<![CDATA[ ... ]]>里面的内容都会被解析成SQL语句。所以,建议每一条SQL语句都使用<![CDATA[ ... ]]>包含起来,这也是一种规避错误的作法。缓存
<select id="selectStudentById" parameterType="int" resultType="Student">
<![CDATA[
select * from student where studentId = #{id}
]]>
</select>mybatis
resultType只能是一个实体类,参数要和实体类里面定义的同样,好比studentId、studentName,MyBatis将会自动查找这些属性,而后将它们的值传递到预处理语句的参数中去。 app
使用参数的时候使用了”#”,另外还有一个符号”$”也能够引用参数,使用”#”最重要的做用就是防止SQL注入。框架
调用该语句的Java代码的写法:fetch
public Student selectStudentByIdAndName(int studentId, String studentName)
{
SqlSession ss = ssf.openSession();
Student student = null;
try
{
student = ss.selectOne("com.xrq.StudentMapper.selectStudentByIdAndName",
new Student(studentId, studentName, 0, null));
}
finally
{
ss.close();
}
return student;
}ui
<select id="selectAll" parameterType="int" resultType="Student" flushCache="false" useCache="true" timeout="10000" fetchSize="100" statementType="PREPARED" resultSetType="FORWARD_ONLY">
<![CDATA[
select * from student where studentId > #{id};
]]>
</select>
属性的做用:
id—-用来和namespace惟一肯定一条引用的SQL语句
parameterType—-参数类型,若是SQL语句中的动态参数只有一个,这个属性无关紧要
resultType—-结果类型,注意若是返回结果是集合,应该是集合所包含的类型,而不是集合自己
flushCache—-将其设置为true,不管语句何时被调用,都会致使缓存被清空,默认值为false
useCache—-将其设置为true,将会致使本条语句的结果被缓存,默认值为true
timeout—-这个设置驱动程序等待数据库返回请求结果,并抛出异常事件的最大等待值,默认这个参数是不设置的(即由驱动自行处理)
fetchSize—-这是设置驱动程序每次批量返回结果的行数,默认不设置(即由驱动自行处理)
statementType—-STATEMENT、PREPARED或CALLABLE的一种,这会让MyBatis选择使用Statement、PreparedStatement或CallableStatement,默认值为PREPARED。这个相信大多数朋友本身写JDBC的时候也只用过PreparedStatement
resultSetType—-FORWARD_ONLY、SCROLL_SENSITIVE、SCROLL_INSENSITIVE中的一种,默认不设置(即由驱动自行处理)
调用sql语句的Java程序:
public List<Student> selectStudentsById(int studentId)
{
SqlSession ss = ssf.openSession();
List<Student> list = null;
try
{
list = ss.selectList("com.xrq.StudentMapper.selectAll", studentId);
}
finally
{
ss.close();
}
return list;
}
使用resultType的方式是有前提的,那就是假定列名和Java Bean中的属性名存在对应关系,若是名称不对应,可使用resultMap来解决列名不匹配的问题:
<resultMap type="Student" id="studentResultMap">
<id property="studentId" column="studentId" />
<result property="studentName" column="studentName" />
<result property="studentAge" column="studentAge" />
<result property="studentPhone" column="studentPhone" />
</resultMap>
<select id="selectAll" parameterType="int" resultMap="studentResultMap" flushCache="false" useCache="true"
timeout="10000" fetchSize="100" statementType="PREPARED" resultSetType="FORWARD_ONLY">
<![CDATA[
select * from student where studentId > #{id};
]]>
</select>
这样就能够了,注意两点:
一、resultMap定义中主键要使用id
二、resultMap和resultType不能够同时使用
<insert id="insertOneStudent" parameterType="Student">
<![CDATA[
insert into student values(null, #{studentName}, #{studentAge}, #{studentPhone});
]]>
</insert>
<insert id="insertOneStudent" parameterType="Student" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="studentId">
<![CDATA[
insert into student(studentName, studentAge, studentPhone)
values(#{studentName}, #{studentAge}, #{studentPhone});
]]>
</insert>
useGeneratedKeys表示让数据库自动生成主键,keyProperty表示生成主键的列。
Java调用代码:
public void insertOneStudent(String studentName, int studentAge, String studentPhone)
{
SqlSession ss = ssf.openSession();
try
{
ss.insert("com.xrq.StudentMapper.insertOneStudent",
new Student(0, studentName, studentAge, studentPhone));
ss.commit();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
ss.rollback();
}
finally
{
ss.close();
}
}
update:
<update id="updateStudentAgeById" parameterType="Student">
<![CDATA[
update student set studentAge = #{studentAge} where
studentId = #{studentId};
]]>
</update>
delete:
<delete id="deleteStudentById" parameterType="int">
<![CDATA[
delete from student where studentId = #{studentId};
]]>
</delete>
update的Java代码:
public void updateStudentAgeById(int studentId, int studentAge)
{
SqlSession ss = ssf.openSession();
try
{
ss.update("com.xrq.StudentMapper.updateStudentAgeById",
new Student(studentId, null, studentAge, null));
ss.commit();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
ss.rollback();
}
finally
{
ss.close();
}
}
studentId和studentAge必须是这个顺序,互换位置就更新不了学生的年龄了。
如上面介绍的配置方式:
<mapper namespace="com.test.dao.EmployeeMapper">
<select id="getEmpById" resultType="com.test.beans.Employee">
select id,last_name lastName,email,gender from tb1_emplyee where id = #{id}
</select>
</mapper>
使用Mapper标签进行绑定:
<mappers>
<mapper resource="EmployeeMapper.xml" />
</mappers>
定义一个接口:
public interface EmployeeMapperAnnotation {
@Select("select id,last_name lastName,email,gender from tb1_emplyee where id = #{id}")
public Employee getEmpById(Integer id);
}
而后在全局配置文件中进行注册:
<mappers>
<mapper class="com.test.dao.EmployeeMapperAnnotation"></mapper>
</mappers>
<mappers>
<package name="com.atguigu.mybatis.dao"/>
</mappers>
【注】映射文件名必须和接口同名,而且放在与接口同一目录下,否则注册不了。
以上是简单介绍,具体映射文件的配置见详解Java的MyBatis框架中SQL语句映射部分的编写。
Mybatis在初始化时会把获取到的Mapper接口注册到MapperRegistry,注册的时候建立一个Mapper代理工厂,这个工厂经过JDK的代理建立一个执行对象,建立代理须要的InvocationHandler为MapperProxy。
//接口注册
public class MapperRegistry {
public <T> void addMapper(Class<T> type) {
//若是是接口
if (type.isInterface()) {
if (hasMapper(type)) {
throw new BindingException("Type " + type + " is already known to the MapperRegistry.");
}
boolean loadCompleted = false;
try {
//放到map中, value为建立代理的工厂
knownMappers.put(type, new MapperProxyFactory<T>(type));
// It's important that the type is added before the parser is run
// otherwise the binding may automatically be attempted by the mapper parser. If the type is already known, it won't try.
//这里是解析Mapper接口里面的注解
MapperAnnotationBuilder parser = new MapperAnnotationBuilder(config, type);
parser.parse();
loadCompleted = true;
} finally {
if (!loadCompleted) {
knownMappers.remove(type);
}
}
}
}
}
mybatis使用XMLMapperBuilder类的实例来解析mapper配置文件。
从knownMappers中根据接口类型取出对应的代理建立工厂,用该工厂建立代理。
public class MapperRegistry {
public <T> T getMapper(Class<T> type, SqlSession sqlSession) {
//取出MapperProxyFactory
final MapperProxyFactory<T> mapperProxyFactory = (MapperProxyFactory<T>) knownMappers.get(type);
if (mapperProxyFactory == null)
throw new BindingException("Type " + type + " is not known to the MapperRegistry.");
try {
//建立代理
return mapperProxyFactory.newInstance(sqlSession);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new BindingException("Error getting mapper instance. Cause: " + e, e);
}
}
}
//建立代理的工厂
public class MapperProxyFactory<T> {
/**
* 须要建立代理的接口
*/
private final Class<T> mapperInterface;
/**
* 执行方法的缓存,不须要每次都建立MapperMethod
*/
private Map<Method, MapperMethod> methodCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<Method, MapperMethod>();
public MapperProxyFactory(Class<T> mapperInterface) {
this.mapperInterface = mapperInterface;
}
public Class<T> getMapperInterface() {
return mapperInterface;
}
public Map<Method, MapperMethod> getMethodCache() {
return methodCache;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
protected T newInstance(MapperProxy<T> mapperProxy) {
//建立代理, InvocationHanderl是MapperProxy
return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(mapperInterface.getClassLoader(), new Class[] { mapperInterface },mapperProxy);
}
/**
* 传人sqlSession建立代理
* @param sqlSession
* @return
*/
public T newInstance(SqlSession sqlSession) {
//把代理执行须要用到的对象传入
final MapperProxy<T> mapperProxy = new MapperProxy<T>(sqlSession, mapperInterface, methodCache);
return newInstance(mapperProxy);
}
}
调用代理方法会进入到MapperProxy的public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args)方法
public class MapperProxy<T> implements InvocationHandler, Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -6424540398559729838L;
private final SqlSession sqlSession;
private final Class<T> mapperInterface;
private final Map<Method, MapperMethod> methodCache;
public MapperProxy(SqlSession sqlSession, Class<T> mapperInterface, Map<Method, MapperMethod> methodCache) {
this.sqlSession = sqlSession;
this.mapperInterface = mapperInterface;
this.methodCache = methodCache;
}
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
//若是方法是Object里面的则直接调用方法
if (Object.class.equals(method.getDeclaringClass())) {
try {
return method.invoke(this, args);
} catch (Throwable t) {
throw ExceptionUtil.unwrapThrowable(t);
}
}
//获取执行方法的封装对象
final MapperMethod mapperMethod = cachedMapperMethod(method);
//里面就是找到对应的sql 执行sql语句
return mapperMethod.execute(sqlSession, args);
}
//缓存, 不须要每次都建立
private MapperMethod cachedMapperMethod(Method method) {
MapperMethod mapperMethod = methodCache.get(method);
if (mapperMethod == null) {
//传人配置参数
mapperMethod = new MapperMethod(mapperInterface, method, sqlSession.getConfiguration());
methodCache.put(method, mapperMethod);
}
return mapperMethod;
}
}
最终执行sql会进入到MapperMethod中execute方法:
//具体的根据接口找到配置文件标签的类
public class MapperMethod {
private final SqlCommand command;
private final MethodSignature method;
public MapperMethod(Class<?> mapperInterface, Method method, Configuration config) {
//SqlCommand封装该接口方法须要执行sql的相关属性,如:id(name), 类型
this.command = new SqlCommand(config, mapperInterface, method);
//执行方法特性进行封装,用于构造sql参数,判断执行sql逻辑走哪条分支
this.method = new MethodSignature(config, method);
}
public Object execute(SqlSession sqlSession, Object[] args) {
Object result;
//先找到对应的执行sql类型, sqlSession会调用不一样方法
if (SqlCommandType.INSERT == command.getType()) {
Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.insert(command.getName(), param));
} else if (SqlCommandType.UPDATE == command.getType()) {
Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.update(command.getName(), param));
} else if (SqlCommandType.DELETE == command.getType()) {
Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.delete(command.getName(), param));
} else if (SqlCommandType.SELECT == command.getType()) {//若是是查询, 须要对返回作判断处理
//根据方法的特性判断进入哪一个执行分支
if (method.returnsVoid() && method.hasResultHandler()) {
executeWithResultHandler(sqlSession, args);
result = null;
} else if (method.returnsMany()) {
result = executeForMany(sqlSession, args);
} else if (method.returnsMap()) {
result = executeForMap(sqlSession, args);
} else {
//只查一条数据
Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
result = sqlSession.selectOne(command.getName(), param);
}
} else {
throw new BindingException("Unknown execution method for: " + command.getName());
}
if (result == null && method.getReturnType().isPrimitive() && !method.returnsVoid()) {
throw new BindingException("Mapper method '" + command.getName()
+ " attempted to return null from a method with a primitive return type (" + method.getReturnType()
+ ").");
}
return result;
}
}
mapperProxyBuilder建立流程:
mapperProxy建立流程:
sql语句执行流程:
http://www.cnblogs.com/dongying/p/4142476.html