在RedisTemplate中使用scan代替keys指令

keys * 这个命令千万别在生产环境乱用。特别是数据庞大的状况下。由于Keys会引起Redis锁,而且增长Redis的CPU占用。不少公司的运维都是禁止了这个命令的html

当须要扫描key,匹配出本身须要的key时,可使用 scan 命令java

scan操做的Helper实现

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.function.Consumer;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnection;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.Cursor;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.ScanOptions;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class RedisHelper {
	
	@Autowired
	private StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;
	
	/**
	 * scan 实现
	 * @param pattern	表达式
	 * @param consumer	对迭代到的key进行操做
	 */
	public void scan(String pattern, Consumer<byte[]> consumer) {
		this.stringRedisTemplate.execute((RedisConnection connection) -> {
			try (Cursor<byte[]> cursor = connection.scan(ScanOptions.scanOptions().count(Long.MAX_VALUE).match(pattern).build())) {
				cursor.forEachRemaining(consumer);
				return null;
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
				throw new RuntimeException(e);
			}
		});
	}

	/**
	 * 获取符合条件的key
	 * @param pattern	表达式
	 * @return
	 */
	public List<String> keys(String pattern) {
		List<String> keys = new ArrayList<>();
		this.scan(pattern, item -> {
			//符合条件的key
			String key = new String(item,StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
			keys.add(key);
		});
		return keys;
	}
}

可是会有一个问题:无法移动cursor,也只能scan一次,而且容易致使redis连接报错redis

先了解下scan、hscan、sscan、zscan

http://doc.redisfans.com/key/scan.htmlspring

keys 为啥不安全?

  • keys的操做会致使数据库暂时被锁住,其余的请求都会被堵塞;业务量大的时候会出问题

Spring RedisTemplate实现scan

1. hscan sscan zscan

  • 例子中的"field"是值redis的key,即从key为"field"中的hash中查找
  • redisTemplate的opsForHash,opsForSet,opsForZSet 能够 分别对应 sscan、hscan、zscan
  • 固然这个网上的例子其实也不对,由于没有拿着cursor遍历,只scan查了一次
  • 能够偷懒使用 .count(Integer.MAX_VALUE),一会儿全查回来;可是这样子和 keys 有啥区别呢?搞笑脸 & 疑问脸
  • 可使用 (JedisCommands) connection.getNativeConnection()的 hscan、sscan、zscan 方法实现cursor遍历,参照下文2.2章节
try {
    Cursor<Map.Entry<Object,Object>> cursor = redisTemplate.opsForHash().scan("field",
    ScanOptions.scanOptions().match("*").count(1000).build());
    while (cursor.hasNext()) {
        Object key = cursor.next().getKey();
        Object valueSet = cursor.next().getValue();
    }
    //关闭cursor
    cursor.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}
  • cursor.close(); 游标必定要关闭,否则链接会一直增加;可使用client lists``info clients``info stats命令查看客户端链接状态,会发现scan操做一直存在
  • 咱们平时使用的redisTemplate.execute 是会主动释放链接的,能够查看源码确认
client list
......
id=1531156 addr=xxx:55845 fd=8 name= age=80 idle=11 flags=N db=0 sub=0 psub=0 multi=-1 qbuf=0 qbuf-free=0 obl=0 oll=0 omem=0 events=r cmd=scan
......
org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate#execute(org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisCallback<T>, boolean, boolean)

finally {
    RedisConnectionUtils.releaseConnection(conn, factory);
}

2. scan

2.1 网上给的例子多半是这个

  • 这个 connection.scan 无法移动cursor,也只能scan一次
public Set<String> scan(String matchKey) {
    Set<String> keys = redisTemplate.execute((RedisCallback<Set<String>>) connection -> {
        Set<String> keysTmp = new HashSet<>();
        Cursor<byte[]> cursor = connection.scan(new ScanOptions.ScanOptionsBuilder().match("*" + matchKey + "*").count(1000).build());
        while (cursor.hasNext()) {
            keysTmp.add(new String(cursor.next()));
        }
        return keysTmp;
    });

    return keys;
}

2.2 使用 MultiKeyCommands

  • 获取 connection.getNativeConnectionconnection.getNativeConnection()实际对象是Jedis(debug能够看出) ,Jedis实现了不少接口
public class Jedis extends BinaryJedis implements JedisCommands, MultiKeyCommands, AdvancedJedisCommands, ScriptingCommands, BasicCommands, ClusterCommands, SentinelCommands
  • 当 scan.getStringCursor() 存在 且不是 0 的时候,一直移动游标获取
public Set<String> scan(String key) {
    return redisTemplate.execute((RedisCallback<Set<String>>) connection -> {
        Set<String> keys = Sets.newHashSet();

        JedisCommands commands = (JedisCommands) connection.getNativeConnection();
        MultiKeyCommands multiKeyCommands = (MultiKeyCommands) commands;

        ScanParams scanParams = new ScanParams();
        scanParams.match("*" + key + "*");
        scanParams.count(1000);
        ScanResult<String> scan = multiKeyCommands.scan("0", scanParams);
        while (null != scan.getStringCursor()) {
            keys.addAll(scan.getResult());
            if (!StringUtils.equals("0", scan.getStringCursor())) {
                scan = multiKeyCommands.scan(scan.getStringCursor(), scanParams);
                continue;
            } else {
                break;
            }
        }

        return keys;
    });
}

发散思考

cursor没有close,到底谁阻塞了,是 Redis 么

  • 测试过程当中,我基本只要发起十来个scan操做,没有关闭cursor,接下来的请求都卡住了

redis侧分析

  • client lists``info clients``info stats查看 发现 链接数 只有 十几个,也没有阻塞和被拒绝的链接
  • config get maxclients查询redis容许的最大链接数 是 10000
1) "maxclients"
2) "10000"`
  • redis-cli在其余机器上也能够直接登陆 操做

综上,redis自己没有卡死数据库

应用侧分析

  • netstat查看和redis的链接,6333是redis端口;链接一直存在
➜  ~ netstat -an | grep 6333
netstat -an | grep 6333
tcp4       0      0  xx.xx.xx.aa.52981      xx.xx.xx.bb.6333     ESTABLISHED
tcp4       0      0  xx.xx.xx.aa.52979      xx.xx.xx.bb.6333     ESTABLISHED
tcp4       0      0  xx.xx.xx.aa.52976      xx.xx.xx.bb.6333     ESTABLISHED
tcp4       0      0  xx.xx.xx.aa.52971      xx.xx.xx.bb.6333     ESTABLISHED
tcp4       0      0  xx.xx.xx.aa.52969      xx.xx.xx.bb.6333     ESTABLISHED
tcp4       0      0  xx.xx.xx.aa.52967      xx.xx.xx.bb.6333     ESTABLISHED
tcp4       0      0  xx.xx.xx.aa.52964      xx.xx.xx.bb.6333     ESTABLISHED
tcp4       0      0  xx.xx.xx.aa.52961      xx.xx.xx.bb.6333     ESTABLISHED
  • jstack查看应用的堆栈信息 发现不少 WAITING 的 线程,全都是在获取redis链接 因此基本能够判定是应用的redis线程池满了
"http-nio-7007-exec-2" #139 daemon prio=5 os_prio=31 tid=0x00007fda36c1c000 nid=0xdd03 waiting on condition [0x00007000171ff000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (parking)
        at sun.misc.Unsafe.park(Native Method)
        - parking to wait for  <0x00000006c26ef560> (a java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer$ConditionObject)
        at java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport.park(LockSupport.java:175)
        at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer$ConditionObject.await(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:2039)
        at org.apache.commons.pool2.impl.LinkedBlockingDeque.takeFirst(LinkedBlockingDeque.java:590)
        at org.apache.commons.pool2.impl.GenericObjectPool.borrowObject(GenericObjectPool.java:441)
        at org.apache.commons.pool2.impl.GenericObjectPool.borrowObject(GenericObjectPool.java:362)
        at redis.clients.util.Pool.getResource(Pool.java:49)
        at redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool.getResource(JedisPool.java:226)
        at redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool.getResource(JedisPool.java:16)
        at org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory.fetchJedisConnector(JedisConnectionFactory.java:276)
        at org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory.getConnection(JedisConnectionFactory.java:469)
        at org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisConnectionUtils.doGetConnection(RedisConnectionUtils.java:132)
        at org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate.executeWithStickyConnection(RedisTemplate.java:371)
        at org.springframework.data.redis.core.DefaultHashOperations.scan(DefaultHashOperations.java:244)

综上,是应用侧卡死apache

后续

  • 过了一个中午,redis client lists显示 scan 链接还在,没有释放;应用线程也仍是处于卡死状态
  • 检查 config get timeout,redis未设置超时时间,能够用 config set timeout xxx设置,单位秒;可是设置了redis的超时,redis释放了链接,应用仍是同样卡住
1) "timeout"
2) "0"
  • netstat查看和redis的链接,6333是redis端口;链接从ESTABLISHED变成了CLOSE_WAIT;
  • jstack和 原来表现同样,卡在JedisConnectionFactory.getConnection
➜  ~ netstat -an | grep 6333
netstat -an | grep 6333
tcp4       0      0  xx.xx.xx.aa.52981      xx.xx.xx.bb.6333     CLOSE_WAIT
tcp4       0      0  xx.xx.xx.aa.52979      xx.xx.xx.bb.6333     CLOSE_WAIT
tcp4       0      0  xx.xx.xx.aa.52976      xx.xx.xx.bb.6333     CLOSE_WAIT
tcp4       0      0  xx.xx.xx.aa.52971      xx.xx.xx.bb.6333     CLOSE_WAIT
tcp4       0      0  xx.xx.xx.aa.52969      xx.xx.xx.bb.6333     CLOSE_WAIT
tcp4       0      0  xx.xx.xx.aa.52967      xx.xx.xx.bb.6333     CLOSE_WAIT
tcp4       0      0  xx.xx.xx.aa.52964      xx.xx.xx.bb.6333     CLOSE_WAIT
tcp4       0      0  xx.xx.xx.aa.52961      xx.xx.xx.bb.6333     CLOSE_WAIT
  • 回顾一下TCP四次挥手 ESTABLISHED 表示链接已被创建 CLOSE_WAIT 表示远程计算器关闭链接,正在等待socket链接的关闭 和现象符合
  • redis链接池配置 根据上面 netstat -an基本能够肯定 redis 链接池的大小是 8 ;结合代码配置,没有指定的话,默认也确实是8
redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig
private int maxTotal = 8;
private int maxIdle = 8;
private int minIdle = 0;
  • 如何配置更大的链接池呢? A. 原配置
@Bean
public RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory() {
    RedisStandaloneConfiguration redisStandaloneConfiguration = new RedisStandaloneConfiguration();
    redisStandaloneConfiguration.setHostName(redisHost);
    redisStandaloneConfiguration.setPort(redisPort);
    redisStandaloneConfiguration.setPassword(RedisPassword.of(redisPasswd));
    JedisConnectionFactory cf = new JedisConnectionFactory(redisStandaloneConfiguration);
    cf.afterPropertiesSet();
    return cf;
}

readTimeout,connectTimeout不指定,有默认值 2000 ms安全

org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory.MutableJedisClientConfiguration
private Duration readTimeout = Duration.ofMillis(Protocol.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
private Duration connectTimeout = Duration.ofMillis(Protocol.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);

B. 修改后配置bash

    1. 配置方式一:部分接口已经Deprecated了
@Bean
public RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory() {
    JedisPoolConfig jedisPoolConfig = new JedisPoolConfig();
    jedisPoolConfig.setMaxTotal(16); // --最多能够创建16个链接了
    jedisPoolConfig.setMaxWaitMillis(10000); // --10s获取不到链接池的链接,
                                             // --直接报错Could not get a resource from the pool

    jedisPoolConfig.setMaxIdle(16);
    jedisPoolConfig.setMinIdle(0);

    JedisConnectionFactory cf = new JedisConnectionFactory(jedisPoolConfig);
    cf.setHostName(redisHost); // -- @Deprecated 
    cf.setPort(redisPort); // -- @Deprecated 
    cf.setPassword(redisPasswd); // -- @Deprecated 
    cf.setTimeout(30000); // -- @Deprecated 貌似没生效,30s超时,没有关闭链接池的链接;
                          // --redis没有设置超时,会一直ESTABLISHED;redis设置了超时,且超时以后,会一直CLOSE_WAIT

    cf.afterPropertiesSet();
    return cf;
}
    1. 配置方式二:这是群里好友给找的新的配置方式,效果同样
RedisStandaloneConfiguration redisStandaloneConfiguration = new RedisStandaloneConfiguration();
redisStandaloneConfiguration.setHostName(redisHost);
redisStandaloneConfiguration.setPort(redisPort);
redisStandaloneConfiguration.setPassword(RedisPassword.of(redisPasswd));

JedisPoolConfig jedisPoolConfig = new JedisPoolConfig();
jedisPoolConfig.setMaxTotal(16);
jedisPoolConfig.setMaxWaitMillis(10000);
jedisPoolConfig.setMaxIdle(16);
jedisPoolConfig.setMinIdle(0);

cf = new JedisConnectionFactory(redisStandaloneConfiguration, JedisClientConfiguration.builder()
        .readTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30))
        .connectTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30))
        .usePooling().poolConfig(jedisPoolConfig).build());

参考

redistemplate-游标scan使用注意事项数据结构

如何使用RedisTemplate访问Redis数据结构运维

Redis 中 Keys 与 Scan 的使用

深刻理解Redis的scan命令

spring-boot-starter-redis配置详解

线上大量CLOSE_WAIT缘由排查

redis如何配置standAlone版的jedisPool

一次jedis使用不规范,致使redis客户端close_wait大量增长的bug

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