Ubuntu 安装TeXLive 2018并完成宏包更新 （部分截图和代码为2016版本）

TeXLive在CTAN最新版本下载地址

https://www.tug.org/texlive/acquire-iso.html

该页面下有texlive最新版本ISO种子问题下载连接。

#2018
https://www.tug.org/texlive/files/texlive2018-20180414.iso.torrent

TeXLive在国内下载源不少，现仅以清华大学和阿里云为例。

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/#
#阿里云
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/CTAN/systems/texlive/

找到经常使用发行版 iso 和应用工具安装包直接下载，点击应用软件，清华大学 TeXLive2018 下载连接以下

#2018年新版本
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/CTAN/systems/texlive/Images/texlive2018-20180414.iso

阿里云下载连接：

http://mirrors.aliyun.com/CTAN/systems/texlive/Images/

选择对应版本下载便可。

下载可使用wget下载，也能够在Windows上面将ISO文件复制到系统目录。

下载完成就能够挂载ISO镜像。

CTAN官方网站ISO挂载教程以下。

mount -t iso9660 -o ro,loop,noauto /ISOFileDictory/texlive2018-20180414.iso /mnt

本机挂载记录以下：

dell@DELL-Server:~$ sudo mount -o loop texlive2018-20180414.iso /mnt/
mount: /home/dell/texlive2016.iso is already mounted
dell@DELL-Server:~$ ls /mnt/
archive      install-tl               LICENSE.CTAN  readme-html.dir    release-texlive.txt  tlpkg
autorun.inf  install-tl-advanced.bat  LICENSE.TL    readme-txt.dir     source               tl-tray-menu.exe
index.html   install-tl-windows.bat   README        README.usergroups  texlive-doc
dell@DELL-Server:~$

安装命令

dell@DELL-Server:~$ cd /mnt/
dell@DELL-Server:/mnt$ sudo ./install-tl --gui

该命令能够在图形化界面下安装。

安装过程和完成截图以下。

安装界面有不少安装选项，无特殊要求直接点击安装texlive，等待安装过程完成。

完成安装后，卸载镜像。

sudo umount /mnt

也能够将ISO解压后复制到Linux系统。复制文件方法这里再也不赘述。

增长环境变量。

# TeX Live 2016
#命令能够直接复制运行，每次运行一条命令
export TeXLiveMANPATH=/urs/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/doc/man
export TeXLiveINFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/doc/info
#64位系统
export TeXLivePATH=/usr/local/texlive/2018/bin/x86_64-linux

具体安装路径请以安装时选择目录为准。

本机运行结果以下：

dell@DELL-Server:~$ export TeXLiveMANPATH=/urs/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/doc/man
dell@DELL-Server:~$ export TeXLiveINFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/doc/info
dell@DELL-Server:~$ export TeXLivePATH=/usr/local/texlive/2018/bin/x86_64-linux
dell@DELL-Server:~$ echo $TeXLiveMANPATH
/urs/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/doc/man
dell@DELL-Server:~$ echo $TeXLiveINFOPATH
/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/doc/info
dell@DELL-Server:~$ echo $TeXLivePATH
/usr/local/texlive/2018/bin/x86_64-linux
dell@DELL-Server:~$

建议安装前将Windows字体复制到Linux，复制字体方法和复制ISO解压后文件方法同样，等待字体安装完成后再安装texlive。

在Linux系统字体目录下建立winfonts文件夹（可选项），前提是已复制字体到Linux主机。

#建立Windows字体文件目录，目录名称可自定义
dell@DELL-Server:~$ sudo mkdir /usr/share/fonts/WindowsFonts
#查看目录
dell@DELL-Server:~$ ls /usr/share/fonts/
cmap  opentype  truetype  type1  WindowsFonts  X11

复制字体到winfonts文件夹。

dell@DELL-Server:~$ sudo cp /home/dell/Fonts/* /usr/share/fonts/WindowsFonts/
#查看字体复制状况
dell@DELL-Server:~$ ls /usr/share/fonts/WindowsFonts/

安装字体命令。

dell@DELL-Server:mkfontscale
dell@DELL-Server:mkfontdir
dell@DELL-Server:sudo fc-cache -fv
dell@DELL-Server:~$ sudo fc-cache -fsv
/usr/share/fonts: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 6 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/WindowsFonts: caching, new cache contents: 1188 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/X11: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 4 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1: caching, new cache contents: 8 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/X11/encodings: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 1 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/X11/encodings/large: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc: caching, new cache contents: 59 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/X11/util: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/cmap: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 5 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/cmap/adobe-cns1: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/cmap/adobe-gb1: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/cmap/adobe-japan1: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/cmap/adobe-japan2: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/cmap/adobe-korea1: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/opentype: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 5 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/mondulkiri: caching, new cache contents: 8 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto: caching, new cache contents: 36 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/opendyslexic: caching, new cache contents: 9 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/stix: caching, new cache contents: 29 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/stix-word: caching, new cache contents: 5 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype: caching, new cache contents: 2 fonts, 38 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/abyssinica: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ancient-scripts: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/arphic: caching, new cache contents: 8 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/capture-it-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 2 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/croscore: caching, new cache contents: 12 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/daniel-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 3 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu: caching, new cache contents: 21 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/fonts-guru-extra: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/freefont: caching, new cache contents: 12 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/hvd-bodedo-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/jenna-sue-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/kacst: caching, new cache contents: 15 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/kacst-one: caching, new cache contents: 2 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/lao: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/lato: caching, new cache contents: 18 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/liberation: caching, new cache contents: 16 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/limelight-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/lobster-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/lohit-punjabi: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/nanum: caching, new cache contents: 8 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/noto: caching, new cache contents: 175 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/open-sans-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 10 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/openoffice: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/operating-instructions-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/padauk: caching, new cache contents: 4 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/plainblack-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 6 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/raleway-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 9 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/redacted-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 3 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/roboto: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 1 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/roboto/hinted: caching, new cache contents: 18 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/roboto-mono-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 10 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/sinhala: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/takao-gothic: caching, new cache contents: 3 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/takao-mincho: caching, new cache contents: 3 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/tibetan-machine: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/tlwg: caching, new cache contents: 58 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ttf-khmeros-core: caching, new cache contents: 2 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ubuntu-font-family: caching, new cache contents: 13 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/unfonts-core: caching, new cache contents: 12 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/type1: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 1 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/type1/gsfonts: caching, new cache contents: 35 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/local/share/fonts: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 0 dirs
Re-scanning /usr/share/fonts: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 6 dirs
Re-scanning /usr/share/fonts/X11: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 4 dirs
Re-scanning /usr/share/fonts/X11/encodings: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 1 dirs
Re-scanning /usr/share/fonts/cmap: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 5 dirs
Re-scanning /usr/share/fonts/opentype: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 5 dirs
Re-scanning /usr/share/fonts/truetype: caching, new cache contents: 2 fonts, 38 dirs
Re-scanning /usr/share/fonts/truetype/roboto: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 1 dirs
Re-scanning /usr/share/fonts/type1: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 1 dirs
/var/cache/fontconfig: cleaning cache directory
fc-cache: succeeded
dell@DELL-Server:~$

Ubuntu网络安装TeXLive比较简单，只须要执行一条命令并等待安装完成。

首先要安装基础依赖软件。

sudo apt-get install libdigest-perl-md5-perl perl-tk
sudo apt install texlive-full

但该方法安装存在一个弊端，即不能更新宏包（包括全部Debian和Ubuntu发行版本）。

当咱们执行命令

tlmgr update -all

咱们可使用

时会有报错。报错信息以下：

jiangjuan@OptiPlex-390:~$ tlmgr update --all
(running on Debian, switching to user mode!)
cannot setup TLPDB in /home/jiangjuan/texmf at /usr/bin/tlmgr line 5604.

其余tlmgr命令也无效。因此咱们须要其余方法安装TeXLive。下文将加以介绍。

安装镜像中全部宏包均是打包时版本，部分软件包会在Ubuntu 安装源发布后更新，本方法能够解决安装源软件版本不能实时更新问题。部分Debian系发行版本执行tlmgr命令有问题，下文将给出一个解决方法。

首先，执行命令：

#必定要安装perl-tk
sudo apt install git perl-tk

安装git客户端,git客户端能够克隆github代码到本地。git完成后以下图。

install-tl-ubuntuGitHub地址。

https://github.com/scottkosty/install-tl-ubuntu .

下面是重要环节，首先git 同步 install-tl-ubuntu代码到本机并安装。代码以下：

#克隆代码
git clone https://github.com/scottkosty/install-tl-ubuntu.git
#切换到安装目录
cd cd install-tl-ubuntu
#赋予安装文件可执行权限
chmod +x ./install-tl-ubuntu
#开始安装
sudo ./install-tl-ubuntu
#查看安装帮助文档，如下是部分帮助文档
jiangjuan@jiangjuan-machine:~/install-tl-ubuntu$ ./install-tl-ubuntu --help | more

  USAGE
  sudo ./install-tl-ubuntu [OPTIONS]

  DESCRIPTION
  This script uses the TeX Live 2016 installer to install TeX Live so that LaTeX
  packages can be updated through CTAN with tlmgr. To do this, the official TeX
  Live 2016 installer is downloaded and used and apt is informed that TeX
  dependencies are satisfied. Thus, when you want to install a program with
  apt-get that depends on TeX Live, apt will not try to install the TeX Live
  packages from the Ubuntu repositories.

  If this script detects a previous TeX Live installation installed to the same
  place (/opt/texbin), the link will be updated to the new installation but the
  old installation (the place /opt/texbin points to) will not be removed and
  should be removed manually by the user if desired.

  This script must be run with sudo. Many recommend not installing TeX Live with
  sudo, in which case this script must be altered (please send a patch or post
  an enhancement request).

--更多-

等待程序自动选择安装源并自完成安装，全程无需人工干预。

提示：须要注意该方法须要网络环境稳定，不然可能会出现反复从新安装状况。

程序安装完成后，开始菜单会增长一个选项--TeXLive Package Manager，经过该软件能够完成宏包更新和管理等操做。

提示：软件功能bug可能会随着做者更新软件而修复。

安装完成后，检查软件安装状况，能够执行命令。

xelatex -version

LaTeX示例代码以下，Windows将代码直接复制到文本编辑器（记事本，notepad++等）中，另存为英文名称.tex（Linux没有该限制），可在文本编辑器中再次打开，或者直接经过命令编译。

\documentclass{book}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{ctex}
%\usepackage{ctex}%(PDF)LaTeX编译方式请选择此行，注释上一行代码
\begin{document}
你好，中国。

勾股定律
$$a^2+b^2=c^2$$

Happy TeXing.
\end{document}

Linux系统能够将代码保存至/home/dell/文档/tex/Hello目录下，该目录是笔者电脑目录，可根据实际状况选择保存目录，或者放置到其余任意目录。

/home/dell/文档/tex/Hello/hello.tex

Linux编译文件操做步骤以下：

#切换到tex源文件目录
cd /home/dell/文档/Hello/
#xelatex命令编译文件，可选其余选项
xelatex hello.tex

等待编译过程完成便可。

下面贴出一个编译过程。

jiangjuan@jiangjuan-machine:~/test$ xelatex test.tex
This is XeTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-0.99992 (TeX Live 2015/Debian) (preloaded format=xelatex)
 restricted \write18 enabled.
entering extended mode
(./test.tex
LaTeX2e <2016/02/01>
Babel <3.9q> and hyphenation patterns for 81 language(s) loaded.
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/book.cls
Document Class: book 2014/09/29 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/bk10.clo))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/amsmath/amsmath.sty
For additional information on amsmath, use the `?' option.
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/amsmath/amstext.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/amsmath/amsgen.sty))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/amsmath/amsbsy.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/amsmath/amsopn.sty))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/ctex.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/expl3.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/expl3-code.tex)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/l3xdvipdfmx.def))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3packages/xparse/xparse.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3packages/l3keys2e/l3keys2e.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/ctexhook.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/ctexpatch.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/fix-cm.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/ts1enc.def))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ms/everysel.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/config/ctexopts.cfg)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/engine/ctex-engine-xetex.def
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/xecjk/xeCJK.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3packages/xtemplate/xtemplate.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/fontspec/fontspec.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/fontspec/fontspec-xetex.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/fontenc.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/euenc/eu1enc.def)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/euenc/eu1lmr.fd))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/xunicode/xunicode.sty
(/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/tipa/t3enc.def
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/euenc/eu1lmss.fd))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/graphicx.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/keyval.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/graphics.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/trig.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/latexconfig/graphics.cfg)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/xetex-def/xetex.def
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/infwarerr.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/ltxcmds.sty)))))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/fontspec/fontspec.cfg)))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/xecjk/xunicode-addon.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/xunicode/xunicode.sty
*** Reloading Xunicode for encoding 'EU1' ***
) (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/xecjk/xunicode-extra.def)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/xecjk/xeCJK.cfg))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/xecjk/xeCJKfntef.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/ulem/ulem.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/environ/environ.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/trimspaces/trimspaces.sty))
(/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/CJK/CJKfntef.sty)))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/zhnumber/zhnumber.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/zhnumber/zhnumber-utf8.cfg))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/scheme/ctex-scheme-chinese.def
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/config/ctex-name-utf8.cfg))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/indentfirst.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/ctex-c5size.clo)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/fontset/ctex-fontset-fandol.def
*************************************************
* fontspec warning: "script-not-exist"
*
* Font 'FandolSong-Regular' does not contain script 'CJK'.
*************************************************
)) (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/ctex/config/ctex.cfg)
No file test.aux.
(/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/tipa/t3cmr.fd)
ABD: EverySelectfont initializing macros

LaTeX Font Warning: Font shape `OMX/cmex/m/n' in size <10.53937> not available
(Font)              size <10.95> substituted on input line 6.

[1] (./test.aux)

LaTeX Font Warning: Size substitutions with differences
(Font)              up to 0.41063pt have occurred.

 )
Output written on test.pdf (1 page).
Transcript written on test.log.
jiangjuan@jiangjuan-machine:~/test$
#PDF生成正常
jiangjuan@jiangjuan-machine:~/test$ ls
test.aux  test.log  test.pdf  test.tex  WhoLogIn.sh
jiangjuan@jiangjuan-machine:~/test$