曾屡次听到“MySQL为何选择RR为默认隔离级别”的问题,其实这是个历史遗留问题,当前以及解决,可是MySQL的各个版本沿用了原有习惯。历史版本中的问题是什么,本次就经过简单的测试来讲明一下。mysql
部署一套主从架构的集群,建立过程较简单,能够参考历史文章部署 MySQL主从复制搭建 部署一主一从便可。sql
在主库中建立表及测试数据数据库
mysql> create table users(id int primary key auto_increment,user_name varchar(20),c_id tinyint(4),c_note varchar(50),key c_id(c_id)) engine=innodb; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into users values(1,'刘备',2,null),(2,'曹操',1,null),(3,'孙权',3,null),(4,'关羽',2,null),(5,'司马懿',1,null); Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> create table class(c_id int primary key ,c_name varchar(1),c_note varchar(50)) engine=innodb; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into class values(1,'魏',null),(2,'蜀',null),(3,'吴',null),(4,'晋',''); Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
MySQL默认的隔离级别为 RR(Repeatable Read),在此隔离级别下,对比binlog格式为ROW、STATEMENT是否会形成主从数据不一致session
其实不用测试你们也应该对RR级别下ROW格式的binlog有信心,可是,万事皆需实践检验。架构
步骤说明以下:app
具体步骤以下:测试
步骤 | SESSION A | SESSION Bspa |
1 | mysql>show variables like '%iso%';rest +-----------------------+-----------------+日志 | Variable_name | Value | +-----------------------+-----------------+ | transaction_isolation | REPEATABLE-READ | | tx_isolation | REPEATABLE-READ | +-----------------------+-----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>show variables like '%binlog_format%'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | binlog_format | ROW | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) |
mysql>show variables like '%iso%'; +-----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-----------------------+-----------------+ | transaction_isolation | REPEATABLE-READ | | tx_isolation | REPEATABLE-READ | +-----------------------+-----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>show variables like '%binlog_format%'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | binlog_format | ROW | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
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2 | mysql>set autocommit=0; mysql>update users set c_note='t1' where c_id in (select c_id from class); Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 5 Changed: 5 Warnings: 0
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3 | mysql>set autocommit=0; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>delete from class where c_id=2; ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction
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4 | mysql>commit; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
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5 | mysql>set autocommit=0; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>delete from class where c_id=2; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>commit; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
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6 | mysql>update users set c_note='t2' where c_id in (select c_id from class); Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 3 Changed: 3 Warnings: 0
mysql>commit; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
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7 | mysql>select * from users; +----+-----------+------+--------+ | id | user_name | c_id | c_note | +----+-----------+------+--------+ | 1 | 刘备 | 2 | t1 | | 2 | 曹操 | 1 | t2 | | 3 | 孙权 | 3 | t2 | | 4 | 关羽 | 2 | t1 | | 5 | 司马懿 | 1 | t2 | +----+-----------+------+--------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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mysql>select * from users; +----+-----------+------+--------+ | id | user_name | c_id | c_note | +----+-----------+------+--------+ | 1 | 刘备 | 2 | t1 | | 2 | 曹操 | 1 | t2 | | 3 | 孙权 | 3 | t2 | | 4 | 关羽 | 2 | t1 | | 5 | 司马懿 | 1 | t2 | +----+-----------+------+--------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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8 | 在从库查看数据 root@testdb:3307 12:02:20>select * from users; +----+-----------+------+--------+ | id | user_name | c_id | c_note | +----+-----------+------+--------+ | 1 | 刘备 | 2 | t1 | | 2 | 曹操 | 1 | t2 | | 3 | 孙权 | 3 | t2 | | 4 | 关羽 | 2 | t1 | | 5 | 司马懿 | 1 | t2 | +----+-----------+------+--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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为了和以前的步骤一致,先初始化数据
root@testdb:3306 12:14:27>truncate table users; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec) root@testdb:3306 12:14:29>truncate table class; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) root@testdb:3306 12:14:50>insert into users values(1,'刘备',2,null),(2,'曹操',1,null),(3,'孙 权',3,null),(4,'关羽',2,null),(5,'司马懿',1,null); Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 root@testdb:3306 12:15:10>insert into class values(1,'魏',null),(2,'蜀',null),(3,'吴',null),(4,'晋',''); Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
再将binlog日志格式改成STATAMENT格式(全局及会话级都改一下,或者修改全局变量后从新登陆也行,固然 只改会话级别的也能够测试),而后 再次进行测试。
步骤说明以下:
步 骤 | SESSION A | SESSION B |
1 | mysql>show variables like '%iso%'; +-----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-----------------------+-----------------+ | transaction_isolation | REPEATABLE-READ | | tx_isolation | REPEATABLE-READ | +-----------------------+-----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>show variables like '%binlog_format%'; +---------------+-----------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-----------+ | binlog_format | STATEMENT | +---------------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
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mysql>show variables like '%iso%'; +-----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-----------------------+-----------------+ | transaction_isolation | REPEATABLE-READ | | tx_isolation | REPEATABLE-READ | +-----------------------+-----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>show variables like '%binlog_format%'; +---------------+-----------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-----------+ | binlog_format | STATEMENT | +---------------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) |
2 | root@testdb:3306 12:37:04>set autocommit=0; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
root@testdb:3306 12:37:17>update users set c_note='t1' where c_id in (select c_id from class); Query OK, 5 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 5 Changed: 5 Warnings: 1
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3 | root@testdb:3306 12:28:25>set autocommit=0; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
root@testdb:3306 12:38:06>delete from class where c_id=2; Query OK, 1 row affected (4.74 sec) |
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4 | root@testdb:3306 12:38:09>commit; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
root@testdb:3306 12:38:13>select * from users; +----+-----------+------+--------+ | id | user_name | c_id | c_note | +----+-----------+------+--------+ | 1 | 刘备 | 2 | t1 | | 2 | 曹操 | 1 | t1 | | 3 | 孙 权 | 3 | t1 | | 4 | 关羽 | 2 | t1 | | 5 | 司马懿 | 1 | t1 | +----+-----------+------+--------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
root@testdb:3306 12:39:07>select * from class; +------+--------+--------+ | c_id | c_name | c_note | +------+--------+--------+ | 1 | 魏 | NULL | | 2 | 蜀 | NULL | | 3 | 吴 | NULL | | 4 | 晋 | | +------+--------+--------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
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5 | root@testdb:3306 12:38:13>commit; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
root@testdb:3306 12:39:56>select * from class ; +------+--------+--------+ | c_id | c_name | c_note | +------+--------+--------+ | 1 | 魏 | NULL | | 3 | 吴 | NULL | | 4 | 晋 | | +------+--------+--------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
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6 | root@testdb:3306 12:52:23>update users set c_note='t2' where c_id in (select c_id from class); Query OK, 3 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 3 Changed: 3 Warnings: 1
root@testdb:3306 12:52:45>select * from class; +------+--------+--------+ | c_id | c_name | c_note | +------+--------+--------+ | 1 | 魏 | NULL | | 2 | 蜀 | NULL | | 3 | 吴 | NULL | | 4 | 晋 | | +------+--------+--------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
root@testdb:3306 12:52:49>select * from users; +----+-----------+------+--------+ | id | user_name | c_id | c_note | +----+-----------+------+--------+ | 1 | 刘备 | 2 | t1 | | 2 | 曹操 | 1 | t2 | | 3 | 孙 权 | 3 | t2 | | 4 | 关羽 | 2 | t1 | | 5 | 司马懿 | 1 | t2 | +----+-----------+------+--------+ 5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
root@testdb:3306 12:53:03>commit; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
root@testdb:3306 12:53:06>select * from users; +----+-----------+------+--------+ | id | user_name | c_id | c_note | +----+-----------+------+--------+ | 1 | 刘备 | 2 | t1 | | 2 | 曹操 | 1 | t2 | | 3 | 孙 权 | 3 | t2 | | 4 | 关羽 | 2 | t1 | | 5 | 司马懿 | 1 | t2 | +----+-----------+------+--------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
root@testdb:3306 12:53:11>select * from class; +------+--------+--------+ | c_id | c_name | c_note | +------+--------+--------+ | 1 | 魏 | NULL | | 3 | 吴 | NULL | | 4 | 晋 | | +------+--------+--------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
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7 | 查看从库数据 root@testdb:3307 12:44:22>select * from class; +------+--------+--------+ | c_id | c_name | c_note | +------+--------+--------+ | 1 | 魏 | NULL | | 3 | 吴 | NULL | | 4 | 晋 | | +------+--------+--------+ 3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
root@testdb:3307 12:57:07>select * from users; +----+-----------+------+--------+ | id | user_name | c_id | c_note | +----+-----------+------+--------+ | 1 | 刘备 | 2 | t1 | | 2 | 曹操 | 1 | t2 | | 3 | 孙 权 | 3 | t2 | | 4 | 关羽 | 2 | t1 | | 5 | 司马懿 | 1 | t2 | +----+-----------+------+--------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
也就是此时主从结果也是一致的,缘由在于,binlog里存储的语句顺序以下:
binlog里的顺序 | 语句内容 |
1 | update users set c_note='t1' where c_id in (select c_id from class);
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2 | delete from class where c_id=2; |
3 | update users set c_note='t2' where c_id in (select c_id from class); |
与主库执行的顺序是一致的,所以,主从的结果是一致的。
为了和以前的步骤一致,先初始化数据
root@testdb:3306 12:14:27>truncate table users; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec) root@testdb:3306 12:14:29>truncate table class; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) root@testdb:3306 12:14:50>insert into users values(1,'刘备',2,null),(2,'曹操',1,null),(3,'孙 权',3,null),(4,'关羽',2,null),(5,'司马懿',1,null); Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 root@testdb:3306 12:15:10>insert into class values(1,'魏',null),(2,'蜀',null),(3,'吴',null),(4,'晋',''); Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
再将binlog日志格式改成STATAMENT格式(全局及会话级都改一下,或者修改全局变量后从新登陆也行,固然 只改会话级别的也能够测试),而后 再次进行测试。
步骤说明以下:
步 骤 | SESSION A | SESSION B |
1 | root@testdb:3306 01:25:24>show variables like '%iso%'; +-----------------------+----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-----------------------+----------------+ | transaction_isolation | READ-COMMITTED | | tx_isolation | READ-COMMITTED | +-----------------------+----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
root@testdb:3306 01:25:36>show variables like '%binlog_format%'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | binlog_format | ROW | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) |
root@testdb:3306 01:24:57>show variables like '%iso%'; +-----------------------+----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-----------------------+----------------+ | transaction_isolation | READ-COMMITTED | | tx_isolation | READ-COMMITTED | +-----------------------+----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
root@testdb:3306 01:25:39>show variables like '%binlog_format%'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | binlog_format | ROW | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) |
2 | root@testdb:3306 01:27:55>set autocommit=0; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
root@testdb:3306 01:28:27>update users set c_note='t1' where c_id in (select c_id from class); Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 5 Changed: 5 Warnings: 0 |
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root@testdb:3306 01:26:07>set autocommit=0; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
root@testdb:3306 01:28:37>delete from class where c_id=2; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
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4 | root@testdb:3306 01:28:27>select * from class; +------+--------+--------+ | c_id | c_name | c_note | +------+--------+--------+ | 1 | 魏 | NULL | | 2 | 蜀 | NULL | | 3 | 吴 | NULL | | 4 | 晋 | | +------+--------+--------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
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5 | root@testdb:3306 01:28:41>commit; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) |
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6 | root@testdb:3306 01:28:59>select * from class; +------+--------+--------+ | c_id | c_name | c_note | +------+--------+--------+ | 1 | 魏 | NULL | | 3 | 吴 | NULL | | 4 | 晋 | | +------+--------+--------+ 3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
root@testdb:3306 01:29:13>update users set c_note='t2' where c_id in (select c_id from class); Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 3 Changed: 3 Warnings: 0
root@testdb:3306 01:29:26>select * from class; +------+--------+--------+ | c_id | c_name | c_note | +------+--------+--------+ | 1 | 魏 | NULL | | 3 | 吴 | NULL | | 4 | 晋 | | +------+--------+--------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
root@testdb:3306 01:29:31>select * from users; +----+-----------+------+--------+ | id | user_name | c_id | c_note | +----+-----------+------+--------+ | 1 | 刘备 | 2 | t1 | | 2 | 曹操 | 1 | t2 | | 3 | 孙 权 | 3 | t2 | | 4 | 关羽 | 2 | t1 | | 5 | 司马懿 | 1 | t2 | +----+-----------+------+--------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
root@testdb:3306 01:29:38>commit; |
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7 | 查看从库数据 root@testdb:3307 01:40:32>select * from users; +----+-----------+------+--------+ | id | user_name | c_id | c_note | +----+-----------+------+--------+ | 1 | 刘备 | 2 | t1 | | 2 | 曹操 | 1 | t2 | | 3 | 孙 权 | 3 | t2 | | 4 | 关羽 | 2 | t1 | | 5 | 司马懿 | 1 | t2 | +----+-----------+------+--------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
root@testdb:3307 01:40:35>select * from class; +------+--------+--------+ | c_id | c_name | c_note | +------+--------+--------+ | 1 | 魏 | NULL | | 3 | 吴 | NULL | | 4 | 晋 | | +------+--------+--------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
也就是此时主从结果也是一致的。
由于当前版本已经不支持RC+STATEMENT组合下数据的操做,不然将报以下错误:
Cannot execute statement: impossible to write to binary log since BINLOG_FORMAT = STATEMENT and at least one table uses a storage engine limited to row-based logging. InnoDB is limited to row-logging when transaction isolation level is READ COMMITTED or READ UNCOMMITTED.
所以单纯根据步骤讲解
步骤 | SESSION A | SESSION B |
1 | mysql>set autocommit=0;
mysql>update users set c_note='t1' where c_id in (select c_id from class);
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2 | mysql>set autocommit=0; mysql>delete from class where c_id=2; mysql>commit; |
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3 | mysql>update users set c_note='t2' where c_id in (select c_id from class); | |
4 | commit; |
由于binlog是按照commit时间的顺序保存,所以上述步骤在binlog里会以以下顺序存储:
binlog里的顺序 | 语句内容 |
1 | delete from class where c_id=2;
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2 | update users set c_note='t1' where c_id in (select c_id from class); |
3 | update users set c_note='t2' where c_id in (select c_id from class); |
从库经过binlog应用后,最终的结果将致使主库的数据不同(具体案例后续安装低版本后演示)。
于是,此种场景下很容易致使数据不同。
经过上述的实践,能够发如今RR级别下,binlog为任何格式均不会形成主从数据不一致的状况出现,可是当低版本MySQL使用RC+STATEMENT组合时(MySQL5.1.5前只有statement格式)将会致使主从数据不一致。当前这个历史遗漏问题以及解决,你们能够将其设置为RC+ROW组合的方式(例如ORACLE等数据库隔离级别就是RC),而不是必须使用RR(会带来更多的锁等待),具体能够视状况选择。