Lifecycle源码浅析

以前用过一些android架构组件,但也仅限于api调用,知其然也该知其因此然,因此尝试了解下其源码实现;java

本文主要想简单探究下如下问题:android

Lifecycle 如何知晓 Activity 的生命周期变化;

LifecycleObserver 的注解如何生效;

本文基于: macOS 10.13/AS 3.4/support-v7 28.0.0git

demo项目github

使用方法简介

之前拆分业务逻辑到独立的 presenter 中时,须要重写 Activity/Fragment 各生命周期,而后告知 presenter, 写起来麻烦, 有没有比较简单的方式能把这些"脏活"给处理掉呢?api

咱们看看 Lifecycle 的用法:缓存

// MainActiviy.kt
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
        lifecycle.addObserver(MainActObserver())
    }
}

// MainActObserver.kt
class MainActObserver : LifecycleObserver {
    @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE)
    fun onCreate() {
        Logger.d("MainActObserver $this onCreate")
    }

    @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_RESUME)
    fun onResume() {
        Logger.d("MainActObserver onResume")
    }
    // 其余生命周期回调,此处省略
}
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能够看到就简单一句 lifecycle.addObserver(MainActObserver()) 就完成了 Activity 各生命周期的监听;markdown

P.S. 因为 Android Studio 建立项目时默认导入了 support 的 appcompat-v7 包,已经把 Lifecycle 相关代码导入进来了, 所以咱们能够直接使用,不须要额外添加依赖;架构

如下就从 lifecycle.addObserver(MainActObserver()) 展开:app

先认识下 `Lifecycle` 类

// package android.arch.lifecycle;
// Lifecycle.java
public abstract class Lifecycle {
    @MainThread
    public abstract void addObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer);

    @MainThread
    public abstract void removeObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer);

    @MainThread
    @NonNull
    public abstract State getCurrentState();

    // 生命周期事件
    public enum Event {
        ON_CREATE, ON_START, ON_RESUME, ON_PAUSE, ON_STOP, ON_DESTROY, ON_ANY
    }

    // 生命周期状态
    public enum State {
        // 如下均已 Activity 为例,介绍各状态值,具体请看源码注释
        DESTROYED,
        INITIALIZED, // 对象建立后但还没有收到 onCreate() 通知以前
        CREATED,// onCreate()/onStop() 以后
        STARTED, // onStart()/onPause() 以后
        RESUMED; // onResume() 以后
        public boolean isAtLeast(@NonNull State state) {
            return compareTo(state) >= 0;
        }
    }
}
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能够发现: Lifecycle 只是个抽象类,也没有对生命周期的变化作出响应的方法,只是简单定义了生命周期事件及状态, 所以应该有个实现类对生命周期事件做出处理;ide

顺便看下 `MainActObserver`

它实现了 LifecycleObserver 接口,而 LifecycleObserver 仅是一个标记接口:

/** * Marks a class as a LifecycleObserver. It does not have any methods, instead, relies on {@link OnLifecycleEvent} annotated methods. * 这是个标记性接口,没有任何方法 */
public interface LifecycleObserver {
}

/** * 经过上面 LifecycleObserver 的注释,能够发现,最终是经过本注解来实现生命周期感知的 */
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
public @interface OnLifecycleEvent {
    Lifecycle.Event value();
}
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经过代码注释咱们也可大概猜到:各生命周期事件应该是经过遍历 LifecycleObserver 实现类,查找带有 OnLifecycleEvent 注解的方法,而后进行回调的;

言归正传,探究下 `getLifecycle()`

// package android.support.v4.app;
// FragmentActivity.java
public class FragmentActivity extends SupportActivity {
    public Lifecycle getLifecycle() {
        return super.getLifecycle();
    }
}

// package android.support.v4.app;
// SupportActivity.java
public class SupportActivity extends Activity implements LifecycleOwner, Component {
    // LifecycleRegistry 是 Lifecycle 的实现类,全部逻辑由其来完成
    private LifecycleRegistry mLifecycleRegistry = new LifecycleRegistry(this);
    public Lifecycle getLifecycle() {
        return this.mLifecycleRegistry;
    }
}
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从上图可知, LifecycleRegistry 应能会接收并处理各生命周期事件/状态,并经过 sync() 同步到各observer;

生命周期状态的变化顺序

回看 Lifecycle 源码,发现生命周期状态(State)的个数小于事件(Event)的个数,所以应该有多个事件归属于同一个状态,而且状态之间的变化规律应该也定义在 LifecycleRegistry 中:

// package android.arch.lifecycle;
// LifecycleRegistry.java
public class LifecycleRegistry extends Lifecycle {
    private State mState; // 当前状态

    // 使用弱引用,避免影响Activity的GC
    public LifecycleRegistry(@NonNull LifecycleOwner provider) {
        mLifecycleOwner = new WeakReference<>(provider);
        mState = INITIALIZED;
    }

    // 计算发生某个生命周期时间后应有的状态
    static State getStateAfter(Event event) {
        switch (event) {
            case ON_CREATE:
            case ON_STOP:
                return CREATED;
            case ON_START:
            case ON_PAUSE:
                return STARTED;
            case ON_RESUME:
                return RESUMED;
            case ON_DESTROY:
                return DESTROYED;
            case ON_ANY:
                break;
        }
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected event value " + event);
    }

    // 回退到前一状态时的事件
    private static Event downEvent(State state) {
        switch (state) {
            case INITIALIZED:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException();
            case CREATED:
                return ON_DESTROY;
            case STARTED:
                return ON_STOP;
            case RESUMED:
                return ON_PAUSE;
            case DESTROYED:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected state value " + state);
    }

    // 前进到下一状态时的事件
    private static Event upEvent(State state) {
        switch (state) {
            case INITIALIZED:
            case DESTROYED:
                return ON_CREATE;
            case CREATED:
                return ON_START;
            case STARTED:
                return ON_RESUME;
            case RESUMED:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected state value " + state);
    }
}
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可得出下图(图片来自官网):

生命周期事件/状态的处理

// package android.arch.lifecycle;
// LifecycleRegistry.java
public class LifecycleRegistry extends Lifecycle {

    /** * 因为实际生命周期事件多于lifecycle定义的数量,可能有部分生命周期回调须要直接指定其当前的状态, * 如: SupportActivity 的 onSaveInstanceState(Bundle) 事件, 就被直接标记为 CREATED 状态 */
    @MainThread
    public void markState(@NonNull State state) {
        moveToState(state);
    }

   public void handleLifecycleEvent(@NonNull Lifecycle.Event event) {
        State next = getStateAfter(event); // 计算事件发生后的状态
        moveToState(next); // 更新当前状态
    }

    // Activity 生命周期事件变化时都会走到这里, 最终经过 sync() 方法通知各 observer
    private void moveToState(State next) {
        if (mState == next) {
            return;
        }
        mState = next; // 更新当前状态
        if (mHandlingEvent || mAddingObserverCounter != 0) {
            mNewEventOccurred = true;
            return;
        }
        mHandlingEvent = true;
        sync(); // 通知各 LifecycleObserver 更新状态
        mHandlingEvent = false;
    }

    private void sync() {
        LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner = mLifecycleOwner.get();
        if (lifecycleOwner == null) {
            Log.w(LOG_TAG, "LifecycleOwner is garbage collected, you shouldn't try dispatch "
                    + "new events from it.");
            return;
        }
        while (!isSynced()) {
            mNewEventOccurred = false;
            // no need to check eldest for nullability, because isSynced does it for us.
            // 若是当前状态比observerMap中最小的状态值还小,则回退状态
            if (mState.compareTo(mObserverMap.eldest().getValue().mState) < 0) {
                backwardPass(lifecycleOwner);
            }

            // 若是当前状态比observerMap中最大的状态值还大,则前移状态
            Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState> newest = mObserverMap.newest();
            if (!mNewEventOccurred && newest != null
                    && mState.compareTo(newest.getValue().mState) > 0) {
                forwardPass(lifecycleOwner);
            }
        }
        mNewEventOccurred = false;
    }
}
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不管 backwardPass(LifecycleOwner) 仍是 forwardPass(LifecycleOwner) 最终都是调用 ObserverWithState 类的 dispatchEvent(LifecycleOwner, Event) 方法, 咱们来看下这个类:

// LifecycleRegistry.java
public class LifecycleRegistry extends Lifecycle {
    private FastSafeIterableMap<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState> mObserverMap =
            new FastSafeIterableMap<>();

    @Override
    public void addObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer) {
        State initialState = mState == DESTROYED ? DESTROYED : INITIALIZED;
        // 咱们定义的 LifecycleObserver 被包装成 ObserverWithState
        ObserverWithState statefulObserver = new ObserverWithState(observer, initialState);
        // 缓存全部的observer,后续用于遍历回调通知
        ObserverWithState previous = mObserverMap.putIfAbsent(observer, statefulObserver);
        // 省略部分代码
    }

    static class ObserverWithState {
        State mState;
        GenericLifecycleObserver mLifecycleObserver;

        ObserverWithState(LifecycleObserver observer, State initialState) {
            // GenericLifecycleObserver 继承自 LifecycleObserver,此处又作了一次包装
            mLifecycleObserver = Lifecycling.getCallback(observer);
            mState = initialState;
        }

        // 当 LifecycleOwner 生命周期变化时,经过本方法来通知各 LifeObserver
        void dispatchEvent(LifecycleOwner owner, Event event) {
            State newState = getStateAfter(event);
            mState = min(mState, newState);
            mLifecycleObserver.onStateChanged(owner, event);
            mState = newState;
        }
    }
}
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到此,咱们知道了 LifecycleRegistry 通知 LifecycleOwner 的大致流程,但咱们仍然没看到咱们的注解如何发生做用,如何收到生命周期事件,接下来咱们就来看看

生命周期注解的使用

// package android.arch.lifecycle;
// Lifecycling.java
public class Lifecycling {

   @NonNull
    static GenericLifecycleObserver getCallback(Object object) {
        if (object instanceof FullLifecycleObserver) {
            return new FullLifecycleObserverAdapter((FullLifecycleObserver) object);
        }

        if (object instanceof GenericLifecycleObserver) {
            return (GenericLifecycleObserver) object;
        }

        // 因为我没有使用 LifeCycleCompiler ,所以不会生成 MainActObserver_LifecycleAdapter 类, 此if判断不知足
        // P.S. MainActObserver_LifecycleAdapter 位于: app/build/generated/source/kapt/debug/***
        final Class<?> klass = object.getClass();
        int type = getObserverConstructorType(klass);
        if (type == GENERATED_CALLBACK) {
            List<Constructor<? extends GeneratedAdapter>> constructors =
                    sClassToAdapters.get(klass);
            if (constructors.size() == 1) {
                GeneratedAdapter generatedAdapter = createGeneratedAdapter(
                        constructors.get(0), object);
                return new SingleGeneratedAdapterObserver(generatedAdapter);
            }
            GeneratedAdapter[] adapters = new GeneratedAdapter[constructors.size()];
            for (int i = 0; i < constructors.size(); i++) {
                adapters[i] = createGeneratedAdapter(constructors.get(i), object);
            }
            return new CompositeGeneratedAdaptersObserver(adapters);
        }

        // 最终是经过反射获取 LifecycleObserver 的方法
        // 但反射比较耗性能, 所以能够猜测应该有作缓存优化
        return new ReflectiveGenericLifecycleObserver(object);
    }
}
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// package android.arch.lifecycle;
// ReflectiveGenericLifecycleObserver.java
class ReflectiveGenericLifecycleObserver implements GenericLifecycleObserver {
    private final Object mWrapped;
    private final CallbackInfo mInfo;

    ReflectiveGenericLifecycleObserver(Object wrapped) {
        mWrapped = wrapped;
        // 能够猜测 ClassesInfoCache 是用于缓存 包含lifecycle生命周期事件方法的
        mInfo = ClassesInfoCache.sInstance.getInfo(mWrapped.getClass());
    }

    @Override
    public void onStateChanged(LifecycleOwner source, Event event) {
        // 当Activity生命周期发生变化时,经过 CallbackInfo 来触发 LifecycleObserver 各方法
        // 所以重点就在 ClassesInfoCache 类生成的 CallbackInfo 中
        mInfo.invokeCallbacks(source, event, mWrapped);
    }
}
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// package android.arch.lifecycle;
// ClassesInfoCache.java
class ClassesInfoCache {
    CallbackInfo getInfo(Class klass) {
        // 因为运行时反射成本大, 所以先查缓存,若不存在,则反射提取各方法
        CallbackInfo existing = mCallbackMap.get(klass);
        if (existing != null) {
            return existing;
        }
        existing = createInfo(klass, null);
        return existing;
    }

    private CallbackInfo createInfo(Class klass, @Nullable Method[] declaredMethods) {
        // 查看父类是否也有生命周期事件注解,如有,一并添加到缓存中
        Class superclass = klass.getSuperclass();
        Map<MethodReference, Lifecycle.Event> handlerToEvent = new HashMap<>();
        if (superclass != null) {
            CallbackInfo superInfo = getInfo(superclass);
            if (superInfo != null) {
                handlerToEvent.putAll(superInfo.mHandlerToEvent);
            }
        }

        Class[] interfaces = klass.getInterfaces();
        for (Class intrfc : interfaces) {
            for (Map.Entry<MethodReference, Lifecycle.Event> entry : getInfo(
                    intrfc).mHandlerToEvent.entrySet()) {
                verifyAndPutHandler(handlerToEvent, entry.getKey(), entry.getValue(), klass);
            }
        }

        // 遍历咱们定义的 LifecycleObserver 实现类方法, 若带有 OnLifecycleEvent 注解,则缓存
        Method[] methods = declaredMethods != null ? declaredMethods : getDeclaredMethods(klass);
        boolean hasLifecycleMethods = false;
        for (Method method : methods) {
            OnLifecycleEvent annotation = method.getAnnotation(OnLifecycleEvent.class);
            if (annotation == null) {
                continue;
            }
            hasLifecycleMethods = true;
            Class<?>[] params = method.getParameterTypes();
            int callType = CALL_TYPE_NO_ARG;

            // 自定义的方法容许带有参数,而且第一个参数类型只能是 LifecycleOwner
            if (params.length > 0) {
                callType = CALL_TYPE_PROVIDER;
                if (!params[0].isAssignableFrom(LifecycleOwner.class)) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                            "invalid parameter type. Must be one and instanceof LifecycleOwner");
                }
            }
            Lifecycle.Event event = annotation.value();

            // 若注解事件是 Lifecycle.Event.ON_ANY, 则还容许有第二个参数,但参数类型必须是 Lifecycle.Event
            if (params.length > 1) {
                callType = CALL_TYPE_PROVIDER_WITH_EVENT;
                if (!params[1].isAssignableFrom(Lifecycle.Event.class)) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                            "invalid parameter type. second arg must be an event");
                }
                if (event != Lifecycle.Event.ON_ANY) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                            "Second arg is supported only for ON_ANY value");
                }
            }

            // 参数个数不容许超过2个
            if (params.length > 2) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("cannot have more than 2 params");
            }

            // 若handlerToEvent中无该方法的缓存,则添加进去
            MethodReference methodReference = new MethodReference(callType, method);
            verifyAndPutHandler(handlerToEvent, methodReference, event, klass);
        }

        // 将搜索到的带注解事件方法列表缓存到CallbackInfo中,并返回
        CallbackInfo info = new CallbackInfo(handlerToEvent);
        // 把相关的 LifecycleObserver 类及相应注解方法都缓存到 mCallbackMap 中
        mCallbackMap.put(klass, info);
        mHasLifecycleMethods.put(klass, hasLifecycleMethods);
        return info;
    }

    static class CallbackInfo {
        final Map<Lifecycle.Event, List<MethodReference>> mEventToHandlers;
        final Map<MethodReference, Lifecycle.Event> mHandlerToEvent;

        CallbackInfo(Map<MethodReference, Lifecycle.Event> handlerToEvent) {
            mHandlerToEvent = handlerToEvent;
            mEventToHandlers = new HashMap<>();
            for (Map.Entry<MethodReference, Lifecycle.Event> entry : handlerToEvent.entrySet()) {
                Lifecycle.Event event = entry.getValue();
                List<MethodReference> methodReferences = mEventToHandlers.get(event);
                if (methodReferences == null) {
                    methodReferences = new ArrayList<>();
                    mEventToHandlers.put(event, methodReferences);
                }
                methodReferences.add(entry.getKey());
            }
        }

        @SuppressWarnings("ConstantConditions")
        void invokeCallbacks(LifecycleOwner source, Lifecycle.Event event, Object target) {
            // 调用一次对应 event 事件的注解方法,同一个event事件可能存在多个注解方法,须要遍历
            invokeMethodsForEvent(mEventToHandlers.get(event), source, event, target);
            // 任意事件都会触发一次 ON_ANY 注解方法
            invokeMethodsForEvent(mEventToHandlers.get(Lifecycle.Event.ON_ANY), source, event, target);
        }

        private static void invokeMethodsForEvent(List<MethodReference> handlers, LifecycleOwner source, Lifecycle.Event event, Object mWrapped) {
            if (handlers != null) {
                // 遍历指定 event 事件对应的方法列表, 触发 MethodReference 的 invokeCallback(*) 方法
                for (int i = handlers.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                    handlers.get(i).invokeCallback(source, event, mWrapped);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    static class MethodReference {
        final int mCallType;
        final Method mMethod;

        MethodReference(int callType, Method method) {
            mCallType = callType;
            mMethod = method;
            mMethod.setAccessible(true);
        }

        void invokeCallback(LifecycleOwner source, Lifecycle.Event event, Object target) {
            // 关于方法参数个数问题,上面已经有说过
            try {
                switch (mCallType) {
                    case CALL_TYPE_NO_ARG:
                        mMethod.invoke(target);
                        break;
                    case CALL_TYPE_PROVIDER:
                        mMethod.invoke(target, source);
                        break;
                    case CALL_TYPE_PROVIDER_WITH_EVENT:
                        mMethod.invoke(target, source, event);
                        break;
                }
            } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException("Failed to call observer method", e.getCause());
            } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
    }
}
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至此咱们就知晓了 LifecycleRegistry 处理生命周期变化的逻辑及如何回调通知被各注解标记的方法的, 但它是如何知道 Activity 生命周期的? 这个咱们尚未看到,下面探究下;

`LifecycleRegistry` 如何获知 `Activity` 的生命周期变化

偶然看了眼 SupportActivity 类的导包列表,发现 android.arch.lifecycle 包下除了 ReportFragment 类外都有分析过, 咱们来看看它的做用:

package android.support.v4.app;

import android.arch.lifecycle.Lifecycle;
import android.arch.lifecycle.LifecycleOwner;
import android.arch.lifecycle.LifecycleRegistry;
import android.arch.lifecycle.ReportFragment;
import android.arch.lifecycle.Lifecycle.State;

@RestrictTo({Scope.LIBRARY_GROUP})
public class SupportActivity extends Activity implements LifecycleOwner, Component {

    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        ReportFragment.injectIfNeededIn(this);
    }
}
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// package android.arch.lifecycle;
// ReportFragment.java
public class ReportFragment extends Fragment {
    private static final String REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG = "android.arch.lifecycle"
            + ".LifecycleDispatcher.report_fragment_tag";

    /** * 搜索当前activity中是否已有 ReportFragment, 若无,则建立并注入 */
    public static void injectIfNeededIn(Activity activity) {
        android.app.FragmentManager manager = activity.getFragmentManager();
        if (manager.findFragmentByTag(REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG) == null) {
            manager.beginTransaction().add(new ReportFragment(), REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG).commit();
            manager.executePendingTransactions();
        }
    }

    /** * 经过fragment的生命周期来获知activity的生命周期 * 而后经过 dispatch(event) 来通知各 LifecycleObserver */
    @Override
    public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE);
    }

    @Override
    public void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_RESUME);
    }

    @Override
    public void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_PAUSE);
    }

    @Override
    public void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY);
    }

    private void dispatch(Lifecycle.Event event) {
        Activity activity = getActivity();
        if (activity instanceof LifecycleRegistryOwner) {
            ((LifecycleRegistryOwner) activity).getLifecycle().handleLifecycleEvent(event);
            return;
        }

        // 此处就把activity的生命周期事件发送到 LifecycleRegistry 中了
        if (activity instanceof LifecycleOwner) {
            Lifecycle lifecycle = ((LifecycleOwner) activity).getLifecycle();
            if (lifecycle instanceof LifecycleRegistry) {
                ((LifecycleRegistry) lifecycle).handleLifecycleEvent(event);
            }
        }
    }
}
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至此,总体流程就通了,不过我仍是有点疑问,知道的童鞋能够帮忙解惑下:

为什么要经过注入 Fragment 的方式来获取 Activity 的生命周期, 经过 ActivityLifecycleCallbacks 也能够吧?
为什么 ReportFragment 是继承自已被Deprecated的 android.app.Fragment?

整套lifecycle的实现是基于 SupportActivity 的, support-fragment 库已被导入, injectIfNeededIn(Activity) 参数类型不须要非得是 Activity 吧?

小结

ReportFragment 在 SupportActivity 建立后被注入到Activity中,做为"中介",监听 Activity 的生命周期变化,并把事件传递给 LifecycleRegistry;
LifecycleRegistry 会弱引用其所在的 SupportActivity, 并管理各 LifecycleObserver;
咱们自定义的 LifecycleObserver 实现类, 默认会在运行时经过反射查找并缓存带有 OnLifecycleEvent 注解的方法;
若使用 lifeCycleCompiler 库(kapt("android.arch.lifecycle:compiler:1.1.1")),则自定义的 LifecycleObserver 类会在编译时生成 *_LifecycleAdapter 类, 避免运行时反射;
LifecycleObserver 实现类中的相关注解方法容许带有最多2个参数;

Lifecycle源码浅析

使用方法简介

先认识下 Lifecycle 类

顺便看下 MainActObserver

言归正传,探究下 getLifecycle()