Group
Group是进行分组操做,同SQL中的Group By相似。
原型以下:web
public
static
IEnumerable
<
IGrouping
<
TKey, TSource
>>
GroupBy
<
TSource, TKey
>
(
this
IEnumerable
<
TSource
>
source,
Func
<
TSource, TKey
>
keySelector)
它有几个重载,返回类型有两种:IEnumerable<IGrouping<TKey, TSource>> 和 IEnumerable<TResult>。
返回类型为:IEnumerable<IGrouping<TKey, TSource>>
示例:
返回按学号分组学生的成绩this
var
result
=
from
score
in
DataSource.Scores
group
score
by
score.StudentID
into
scoreGroup
select scoreGroup;
scoreGroup为IGrouping<TKey, TSource>类型,返回结果为IEnumerable<IGrouping<TKey, TSource>>,既集合的集合,所以输出时需用双重循环。
IGrouping<TKey, TElement>接口定义为:spa
public
interface
IGrouping
<
TKey, TElement
>
: IEnumerable
<
TElement
>
, IEnumerable
{
TKey Key {
get
; }
}
其中Key为分组依据的字段。orm
foreach
(
var
group
in
result)
{
//
输出分组依据的字段
Console.WriteLine(
"
\nStudent ID:
"
+
group
.Key);
//
输出组内成员
foreach
(
var
score
in
group
)
{
Console.WriteLine(score);
}
}
//
result:
//
Student ID:1
//
Student ID:1,Course ID:1,Score:78
//
Student ID:1,Course ID:2,Score:60
//
...
//
Student ID:2
//
Student ID:2,Course ID:1,Score:59
//
...
等效的扩展方法调用实现为:接口
var
result
=
DataSource.Scores.GroupBy(score
=>
score.StudentID);
返回类型为:IEnumerable<TResult>
对分组结果进行一些包装,如包装为匿名类型。
返回按学号分组学生的成绩ci
var
result
=
from
score
in
DataSource.Scores
group
score
by
score.StudentID
into
scoreGroup
select
new
{ StudentID
=
scoreGroup.Key, Group
=
scoreGroup };
匿名类型中Group为IGrouping<TKey, TSource>类型。
等效的扩展方法调用实现为:get
var
result
=
DataSource.Scores.GroupBy(score
=>
score.StudentID,
(key,
group
)
=>
new
{ StudentID
=
key, Group
=
group
});
其余一些重载使用方法相似。
Join
链接操做。原型
public
static
IEnumerable
<
TResult
>
Join
<
TOuter, TInner, TKey, TResult
>
(
this
IEnumerable
<
TOuter
>
outer,
IEnumerable
<
TInner
>
inner,
Func
<
TOuter, TKey
>
outerKeySelector,
Func
<
TInner, TKey
>
innerKeySelector,
Func
<
TOuter, TInner, TResult
>
resultSelector)
从Join方法原型能够看出其使用方法。
内链接
选择左右两侧集合都含有相对应的元素。
示例:
查询学生的姓名、学科、成绩。it
var
result
=
from
score
in
DataSource.Scores
join
student
in
DataSource.Students
on
score.StudentID
equals
student.StudentID
join
course
in
DataSource.Courses
on
score.CourseID
equals
course.CourseID
select
new
{ StudentName
=
student.Name, CourseName
=
course.CourseName, ScoreValue
=
score.Value };
//
result
//
{ StudentName = Andy, CourseName = C Language, ScoreValue = 78 }
//
{ StudentName = Andy, CourseName = Biophysics, ScoreValue = 60 }
//
...
//
{ StudentName = Bill, CourseName = C Language, ScoreValue = 59 }
//
{ StudentName = Cindy, CourseName = Biophysics, ScoreValue = 60 }
//
...
等效的扩展方法调用实现为:io
var
result
=
DataSource.Scores.Join(
DataSource.Students,
score
=>
score.StudentID,
student
=>
student.StudentID,
(score, student)
=>
new
{ StudentName
=
student.StudentID, ScoreValue
=
score.Value, CourseID
=
score.CourseID })
.Join(DataSource.Courses,
scostu
=>
scostu.CourseID,
course
=>
course.CourseID,
(scostu, course)
=>
new
{ StudentName
=
scostu.StudentName, CourseName
=
course.CourseName, ScoreValue
=
scostu.ScoreValue });
左外链接
当右侧的链接的右侧没有左侧对应的元素时,内链接会忽略左侧元素。要想保留左侧元素,能够使用作外链接。右侧被置为默认值,如:引用类型被置为空。
示例:
var
result
=
from
student
in
DataSource.Students2
join
score
in
DataSource.Scores
on
student.StudentID
equals
score.StudentID
into
Scores
from
score
in
Scores.DefaultIfEmpty()
select
new
{ student
=
student, score
=
score
==
default
(Score)
?
0
: score.Value };
//
result:
//
{ student = Student ID:5,Student Name:Erik, score = 78 }
//
{ student = Student ID:6,Student Name:Frank, score = 0 }
等效的扩展方法调用实现为:
var
result
=
DataSource.Students2.GroupJoin(
DataSource.Scores,
student
=>
student.StudentID,
score
=>
score.StudentID,
(student, Scores)
=>
new
{ student
=
student, Scores
=
Scores })
.SelectMany(
group
=>
group
.Scores.DefaultIfEmpty(),
(
group
, score)
=>
new
{ student
=
group
.student, score
=
(score
==
null
)
?
0.0
: score.Value });
笛卡尔积
集合中的元素交错链接。
示例:统计学生课程成绩时的模板。
var
result
=
from
student
in
DataSource.Students
from
course
in
DataSource.Courses
select
new
{ StudentName
=
student.Name, CourseName
=
course.CourseName, ScoreValue
=
(
double
?
)
null
};
//
result:
//
{ StudentName = Andy, CourseName = C Language, ScoreValue = }
//
{ StudentName = Andy, CourseName = Biophysics, ScoreValue = }
//
...
//
{ StudentName = Bill, CourseName = C Language, ScoreValue = }
//
...
//
{ StudentName = Cindy, CourseName = Fundamentals of Compiling, ScoreValue = }
//
...
等效的扩展方法调用实现为:
var
result
=
DataSource.Students.SelectMany(
student
=>
DataSource.Courses
.Select(
course
=>
new
{ StudentName
=
student.Name, CourseName
=
course.CourseName, ScoreValue
=
(
double
?
)
null
}));
GroupJoin
链接分组。
方法原型为:
public
static
IEnumerable
<
TResult
>
GroupJoin
<
TOuter, TInner, TKey, TResult
>
(
this
IEnumerable
<
TOuter
>
outer,
IEnumerable
<
TInner
>
inner,
Func
<
TOuter, TKey
>
outerKeySelector,
Func
<
TInner, TKey
>
innerKeySelector,
Func
<
TOuter, IEnumerable
<
TInner
>
, TResult
>
resultSelector)
//
result:
//
Andy
//
1----78
//
2----60
//
...
//
Bill
//
1----59
//
...
//
Cindy
//
2----60
//
...
至关于组合了Group操做和Join操做。等效的操做以下:
var
result
=
from
item
in
(
from
student
in
DataSource.Students
join
score
in
DataSource.Scores
on
student.StudentID
equals
score.StudentID
select
new
{ StudentName
=
student.Name, CourseID
=
score.CourseID, Value
=
score.Value })
group
item
by
item.StudentName
into
Group
select
new
{ StudentName
=
Group.Key, Group
=
Group };