1.完成网页的基本过程:css
①画一个粗略的草图做为页面构建的基础html
②建立HTML的基本构建模块,把草图翻译成HTML的略图git
③把蓝图翻译成真正的HTML文件web
④在此基础上,作出改进,添加元素、样式等chrome
2. <q>元素用于在HTML中增长简单的引用,引用的内容放在<q>和</q>中。例如:浏览器
<html> <head> <title>Quote Test Drive</title> </head> <body> <p> You never know when you'll need a good quote, how about <q>To be or not to be</q>, or <q>Wherever you go,there you are</q>. </p> </body> </html>
这样和直接加双引号比起来,可使页面更结构化、更有意义。另外,使用<q>元素即可以使用css设置引用文本的外观样式编辑器
3. 当引用一个段落或者引用的文本较长时,就须要使用<blockquote>元素了。<q>元素用于较短的引用,做为现有段落的一部分;<blockquote>用于较长的引用,须要单独显示。例如: ide
<h2>July 14, 2012</h2> <p> I saw some Burma Shave style signs on the side of the road today: </p> <blockquote> passing cars, when you can't see, May get you, A glimpse, Of eternity. </blockquote> <p> I definitely won't be passing any cars. </p>
在块引用中显示多段能够把段落元素<p>放在<blockquote>中,一个段落对应一个段落元素。测试
4. ①<blockquote>和<q>是两种不一样的元素,前者是块元素,单独显示,显示时先后总好像有一个空行;后者是内联元素,在页面文本流中老是在行内出现。相似<h1> <h2> ... <h6>和<p> <blockquote>都是块元素,<a> <q>和<em>都是内联元素。块元素老是"特立独行",而内联元素则"随波逐流"spa
②块元素一般用做Web页面的主要构建模块,内联元素每每用来标记小段内容。设计页面通常先从较大的块元素开始,在完善页面时再加入内联元素。
③<br>元素用于提供换行符,在须要的时候增长一个<br>元素就会插入一个换行符:
<blockquote> passing cars, <br> when you can't see,<br> May get you, <br> A glimpse, <br> Of eternity.<br> </blockquote>
④相似<br>这样设计为没有任何实际内容的元素叫作void元素,<img>也是void元素,或称为空元素。须要使用<br>或<img>只须要一个开始标记,这是一种方便的简写形式,能够减小HTML中标记的数量。
5.结合利用<li>元素和<u>或<ol>元素能够生成无序/有序列表。建立方法参考如下代码:
①建立列表前:
<h2>August 20, 2012</h2> <img src="images/segway2.jpg"> <p> Well I made it 1200 miles already, and I passed through some interesting places on the way: Walla Walla, WA, Magic City, ID, Bountiful, UT, Last Chance, CO, Why, AZ and Truth or Consequences, NM. </p>
②建立列表的第一步,把每一个列表项放在单独的<li>元素中:
<h2>August 20, 2012</h2> <img src="images/segway2.jpg"> <p> Well I made it 1200 miles already, and I passed through some interesting places on the way: </p> <li>Walla Walla, WA</li> <li>Magic City, ID</li> <li>Bountiful, UT</li> <li>Last Chance, CO</li> <li>Why, AZ</li> <li>Truth or Consequences, NM</li>
③用<ol>(有序列表)或<ul>(无序列表):
<h2>August 20, 2012</h2> <img src="images/segway2.jpg"> <p> Well I made it 1200 miles already, and I passed through some interesting places on the way: </p> <ol> <li>Walla Walla, WA</li> <li>Magic City, ID</li> <li>Bountiful, UT</li> <li>Last Chance, CO</li> <li>Why, AZ</li> <li>Truth or Consequences, NM</li> </ol>
④用<ul>的一个例子:
<h2>June 2, 2012</h2> <img src="images/segway1.jpg"> <p> My first day of the trip! I can't believe I finally got everything packed and ready to go. Because I'm on a Segway, I wasn't able to bring a whole lot with me: </p> <ul> <li>cell phone</li> <li>ipod</li> <li>digital camera</li> <li>and a protein bar</li> </ul> <p> Just the essentials. As Lao Tzu would have said, <q>A journey of a thousand miles begins with one Segway.</q> </p>
⑤记忆:unorderedlist=<ul> 无序列表
orderedlist=<ol> 有序列表
listitem=<li> 列表元素
⑥<ol>和<li>或者<ul>和<li>总要一块儿使用,不然就无心义。列表实际上就是一组列表项,<li>元素标示每一个列表元素,<ol>或<ul>把元素归为一组。且<ol>或<ul>只能包含<li>元素、嵌套另外一个列表,不能嵌套其余元素或文本。在列表中嵌套列表例以下例:
<html> <head> <title>This is a Nest List Test</title> </head> <body> <ol> <li>Charge Segway</li> <li>Pack for trip <ul> <li>cell phone</li> <li>ipod</li> <li>digital camera</li> <li>a protein bar</li> </ul> </li> <li>Call mom</li> </ol> </body> </html>
chrome中测试结果:
⑦除了有序列表和无序列表,还有一种定义列表,列表中每一项都有一个定义术语(dt)和定义描述(dd),定义列表以下所示:
<html> <head> <title>This is a Definition List Test</title> </head> <body> <dl> <dt>Burma Shave Signs</dt> <dd>Road signs common in the U.S. in the 1920s and 1930s advertising shaving products.</dd> <dt>Route 66</dt> <dd>Most famous road in the U.S. highway system.</dd> </dl> </body> </html>
chrome测试结果:
6.把一个元素放在另外一个元素中称为嵌套。例如<body>、<head>嵌套在<html>中,<p>、<h1>等嵌套在<body>中,<q>嵌套在<p>中,<title>嵌套在<head>中等等。HTML页面就是以嵌套的方式构造的。使用嵌套要确保元素标记正确匹配。
**小练习
A."扮演浏览器":
错误①<head>没有结束标记
②<h1>没有结束标记
③</p>和</q>位置错误,<q>元素需嵌套在<p>元素中
④17行</em>标记错误,应为</li>
⑤22行多了元素结束标记</p>
⑥2三、24行标记错误
⑦26-37行每行均缺乏</li>结束标记
⑧2五、38行列表标记不匹配
⑨最后缺乏</html>结束标记
B."我是谁?":
元素描述 | 名字 | 内联元素OR块元素 |
我是1级标题 | <h1> | 块元素 |
我时刻准备连接到另外一个页面 | <a> | 内联元素 |
用我强调文本 | <em> | 内联元素 |
我是个列表,不过我不关心顺序 | <ul> | 块元素 |
我是真正的换行符 | <br> | 内联元素 |
我是放在列表中的列表项 | <li> | 块元素 |
我要保证个人列表项有序 | <ol> | 块元素 |
个人任务就是提供图像 | <img> | 内联元素 |
用我能够在段落中加引用 | <q> | 内联元素 |
用我来引用独立的文字 | <blockquote> | 块元素 |
7. 若是想输入特殊字符,好比<html>这几个字符而不想被浏览器误认为是html元素的开始,可使用字符实体的简单缩写来指定。对于被认为"特殊"的字符,或者你想在web页面中使用某个你在编辑器里没法输入的字符,能够查找相应的字符实体缩写在HTML中直接输入。例如,<的缩写是<,>的缩写是>,在页面中输入:"The <html> element rocks."能够这样使用字符实体:“The <HTML> element rocks.”。如要显示&字符自己,则使用&。
8.本章源代码:
journal.html:
<html> <head> <title>My Trip Around the USA on a Segway</title> </head> <body> <h1>Segway'n USA</h1> <p>Documenting my trip around the US on very own Segway!</p> <h2>August 20, 2012</h2> <img src="images/segway2.jpg"> <p> Well I made it 1200 miles already, and I passed through some interesting places on the way: </p> <ol> <li>Walla Walla, WA</li> <li>Magic City, ID</li> <li>Bountiful, UT</li> <li>Last Chance, CO</li> <li>Why, AZ</li> <li>Truth or Consequences, NM</li> </ol> <h2>July 14, 2012</h2> <p> I saw some Burma Shave style signs on the side of the road today: </p> <blockquote> passing cars, <br> when you can't see,<br> May get you, <br> A glimpse, <br> Of eternity.<br> </blockquote> <p> I definitely won't be passing any cars. </p> <h2>June 2, 2012</h2> <img src="images/segway1.jpg"> <p> My first day of the trip! I can't believe I finally got everything packed and ready to go. Because I'm on a Segway, I wasn't able to bring a whole lot with me: </p> <ul> <li>cell phone</li> <li>ipod</li> <li>digital camera</li> <li>and a protein bar</li> </ul> <p> Just the essentials. As Lao Tzu would have said, <q>A journey of a thousand miles begins with one Segway.</q> </p> </body> </html>
DefinitionList.html:
<html> <head> <title>This is a Definition List Test</title> </head> <body> <dl> <dt>Burma Shave Signs</dt> <dd>Road signs common in the U.S. in the 1920s and 1930s advertising shaving products.</dd> <dt>Route 66</dt> <dd>Most famous road in the U.S. highway system.</dd> </dl> </body> </html>
NestList.html:
<html> <head> <title>This is a Nest List Test</title> </head> <body> <ol> <li>Charge Segway</li> <li>Pack for trip <ul> <li>cell phone</li> <li>ipod</li> <li>digital camera</li> <li>a protein bar</li> </ul> </li> <li>Call mom</li> </ol> </body> </html>